Ukuzibophezela Ekusasa Elingcono

Ukuhlangana ukuze sikhulume ngezindaba zolwandle, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, nezinye izinselelo enhlalakahleni yethu sonke kubalulekile—imihlangano yokucobelelana yobuso nobuso nezinkomfa ziqinisa ukubambisana kanye nokugqugquzela ukuqanjwa okusha—ikakhulukazi lapho inhloso icacile futhi inhloso kuwukukhiqiza umbhalo oluhlaza noma uhlelo lokuqalisa loshintsho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kubhekwa umnikelo wezokuthutha ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukala izinzuzo zokuba khona ngokumelene nomthelela wokufika lapho—ikakhulukazi uma isihloko siwukushintsha kwesimo sezulu lapho imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwethu kweqoqo lesisi esingcolisa umoya.

Ngiqala ngezinketho ezilula. Ngeqa ukuya mathupha lapho ngingacabangi ukuthi ngingakwazi ukwengeza inani noma ukuthola inani. ngiyathenga blue carbon offsets kulo lonke uhambo lwami—umoya, imoto, ibhasi nesitimela. Ngikhetha ukundiza nge-Dreamliner uma ngiya eYurophu—ngokwazi ukuthi isebenzisa uphethiloli ongaphansi kwesithathu ukuwela i-Atlantic kunamamodeli amadala. Ngihlanganisa imihlangano eminingana ibe uhambo olulodwa lapho ngingakwazi khona. Noma kunjalo, njengoba ngangihlezi endizeni ngibuya eLondon (engiqale eParis ngalolo suku ekuseni), ngiyazi ukuthi kumelwe ngithole izindlela ezengeziwe zokukhawulela umkhondo wami.

Abaningi bozakwethu baseMelika bandize baya e-San Francisco ku-Global Climate Action Summit yoMbusi uJerry Brown, ehlanganisa izibopho eziningi zesimo sezulu, ezinye zazo ezazigqamisa izilwandle. Ngikhethe ukuya eParis ngeledlule “Ngenkomfa Yesayensi Yezinga Eliphezulu: Kusukela ku-COP21 kuya ku-United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030),” esiyibiza ngokuthi i-Ocean Climate Conference ukuze wonge umoya noyinki. Ingqungquthela ibigxile ku-#OceanDecade.

I-Ocean Climate Conference “ihlose ukuhlanganisa inqubekelaphambili yesayensi yamuva nje mayelana nokusebenzisana kolwandle nesimo sezulu; ukuhlola izitayela zakamuva zolwandle, isimo sezulu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ngaphakathi komongo wokwanda kwezenzo ezihlangene zasolwandle; nokuzindla ngezindlela zokusuka 'kusuka kwisayensi uye esenzweni'."

I-Ocean Foundation iyilungu le-Ocean & Climate Platform, ebambe ingqungquthela ngokubambisana ne-UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. Kuyo yonke le minyaka yemibiko evela ku-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), asizange sicabangele kakhulu imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu olwandle lwethu lomhlaba wonke. Esikhundleni salokho, besigxile ekutheni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu bekuzoyithinta kanjani imiphakathi yabantu.

Iningi lalo mhlangano eParis liyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wethu njengelungu le-Ocean & Climate Platform. Lowo msebenzi owokuhlanganisa ulwandle ezingxoxweni zesimo sezulu samazwe ngamazwe. Kuzwakala kuyisidina ukuvakashela kabusha futhi ubuyekeze izihloko ezibonakala zisobala, nokho kubalulekile ngoba kusasele izikhala zolwazi okufanele zinqotshwe.

Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wolwandle, ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngokweqile sekuvele kwaba khona futhi kusaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela omubi olokhu ukhula empilweni yasolwandle kanye nezindawo ezikusekelayo. Ulwandle olujulile, olushisayo, olune-asidi kakhudlwana lusho izinguquko eziningi! Kufana nokuthuthela enkabazwe usuka e-Arctic ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhabethe futhi ulindele ukudla okufanayo.

Okubalulekile ezethulweni eParis ukuthi akukho okushintshile ngezinkinga esibhekene nazo. Eqinisweni, umonakalo ovela ekuphazamisekeni kwethu kwesimo sezulu uya ngokuya ubonakala. Kukhona isehlakalo esiyinhlekelele engazelelwe lapho simangazwa ubukhulu bomonakalo ovela esiphephweni esisodwa (Harvey, Maria, Irma ngo-2017, futhi manje uFlorence, Lane, kanye neManghut phakathi kwalabo kuze kube manje ngo-2018). Futhi kukhona ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo kwempilo yolwandle ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, amazinga okushisa aphakeme, i-asidi enkulu, nokwanda komfutho wamanzi ahlanzekile ngenxa yezenzakalo zemvula enkulu.

Ngokunjalo, kuyacaca ukuthi zingaki izizwe osekunesikhathi eside zisebenza kulezi zindaba. Banokuhlola okubhalwe kahle kanye nezinhlelo zokubhekana nezinselele. Iningi labo, ngokudabukisayo, lihlezi emashalofini liqoqa uthuli.

Okushintshile kule ngxenye yeshumi leminyaka elidlule ukubeka njalo izikhathi zokugcina zokugcwaliseka kwezibopho zikazwelonke ezenzweni ezithile, ezilinganisekayo:

• Izibopho zethu ze-Ocean (siyabonga uNobhala u-Kerry): I-Ocean yethu ingumbuthano wamazwe ngamazwe kahulumeni kanye nenye inhlangano egxile olwandle eyaqala ngo-2014 e-Washington DC. I-Ocean yethu isebenza njengenkundla esesidlangalaleni lapho amazwe kanye nabanye bengamemezela khona izibopho zabo zezezimali nenqubomgomo egameni lolwandle. Okubalulekile, lezo zibopho zibuye zibhekwe engqungqutheleni elandelayo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi azikho yini.
• I-UN Sustainable Development Goals (eklanyelwe phansi phezulu, hhayi phezulu phansi) esijabulele ukuba yingxenye yengqungquthela yokuqala ye-UN egxile olwandle (SDG 14) ngo-2017, efuna amazwe asebenze ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano babantu olwandle, futhi eqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngokukhuthaza ukuzibophezela kukazwelonke.
• Isivumelwano saseParis (Iminikelo Ehloselwe Uzwelonke (INDCs) nezinye izibopho—Cishe ama-70% e-INDC ahlanganisa ulwandle (112 isiyonke). Lokhu kwasinikeza amandla okwengeza “Indlela Yolwandle” ku-COP 23, eyayibanjelwe e-Bonn ngoNovemba 2017. I-Ocean Pathway igama elinikezwe ukukhulisa indima yokucatshangelwa kanye nezenzo zolwandle ohlelweni lwe-UNFCCC, ingxenye entsha yonyaka. Imibuthano ye-COP. I-COP isifinyezo seNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ahlangene kuNgqungquthela Yezinhlaka Ezihlangene Zokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu (UNFCCC).

Khonamanjalo, umphakathi wasolwandle usadinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwandle luhlanganiswa ngokugcwele nenkundla yezingxoxo zesimo sezulu. Umzamo wokuhlanganisa ipulatifomu unezingxenye ezintathu.

1. Ukuqashelwa: Okokuqala kwakudingeka siqinisekise ukuthi indima yolwandle njengosinki wekhabhoni kanye nosinki wokushisa iyaqashelwa, kanye neqhaza lalo ekuguquguqukeni komhwamuko kanjalo negalelo elibalulekile esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu kukho konke.

2. Imiphumela: Lokhu kwasivumela ukuba sigxilise ukunaka kwabaxoxisana ngesimo sezulu olwandle kanye nemiphumela (kusuka engxenyeni 1 ngenhla: Okusho ukuthi ikhabhoni olwandle ibangela ukugcwala kwe-asidi olwandle, ukushisa olwandle kubangela ukwanda kwamanzi kanye namazinga olwandle akhuphuke. ukuphakama, futhi izinga lokushisa lolwandle kanye nokusebenzelana nezinga lokushisa lomoya kubangela iziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuyisisekelo kwesimo sezulu “esivamile.” Lokhu, Yebo, kwahunyushwa kalula engxoxweni yemiphumela yokuhlaliswa kwabantu, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo. kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla, nokwanda kwenani nezindawo zababaleki besimo sezulu kanye nabanye abafudukayo.

Zombili lezi zingxenye, u-1 no-2, namuhla zibonakala zisobala futhi kufanele zibhekwe njengolwazi olwamukelwe. Nokho, siyaqhubeka nokufunda okwengeziwe futhi kunenzuzo ebalulekile ekubuyekezeni ulwazi lwethu lwesayensi nemiphumela, esichithe ingxenye yesikhathi sethu sikwenza lapha kulo mhlangano.

3. Imithelela olwandle: Muva nje imizamo yethu isishukumisele ekukholiseni abaxoxisana ngesimo sezulu ngesidingo sokucabangela imiphumela yokuphazamiseka kwethu kwesimo sezulu sezinto eziphilayo nezitshalo nezilwane zolwandle ngokwalo. Abaxoxisanayo bagunyaze umbiko omusha we-IPCC okufanele ukhishwe kulo nyaka. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yezingxoxo zethu eParis bezimayelana nokuhlanganiswa komthamo omkhulu wesayensi kulesi sici (ingxenye 3) yokuhlanganiswa kolwandle lomhlaba ezingxoxweni zesimo sezulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi kumayelana nathi, akungabazeki ukuthi maduze kuzoba nengxenye yesine yengxoxo yethu ezokhuluma ngemiphumela yabantu yokulimala kwethu olwandle. Lapho i-ecosystem nezinhlobo zezilwane zishintsha ngenxa yamazinga okushisa, izixhobo zamakhorali ziyabola futhi zife, noma izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa zokudla ziwa ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-asidi olwandle lokhu kuzothinta kanjani izimpilo zabantu nendlela yokuziphilisa?

Ngokudabukisayo, kuzwakala sengathi sisagxile ekukholiseni abaxoxisanayo nasekuchazeni ubunkimbinkimbi besayensi, ukusebenzisana kwesimo sezulu nolwandle kanye nemiphumela ehlobene nayo, futhi asihambi ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze sixoxe ngezixazululo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhambi eliyinhloko lokubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwethu kwesimo sezulu ukunciphisa futhi ekugcineni kuqedwe ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Lokhu kwamukelwe kahle, futhi azikho izimpikiswano zangempela eziphikisana nokwenza kanjalo. Kukhona nje inertia ukuvimbela ushintsho. Mningi umsebenzi owenziwayo mayelana nokudlulela ngale kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okuhlanganisa ukuzibophezela kanye nokukhanyiswa okuvela eNgqungqutheleni Yesimo Sezulu Yomhlaba Wonke eqhubeka eCalifornia kuleli sonto elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngeke siphelelwe amandla ngisho noma sizizwa sidlula emanzini afanayo futhi.

Isithembiso sokuzibophezela (ukuziqhayisa), ukwethemba nokuqinisekisa sisebenza kangcono kunehlazo nokusola ukudala intando yezombusazwe kanye nokunikeza amathuba okugubha, okubaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni umfutho odingekayo. Singathemba ukuthi zonke izibopho zeminyaka embalwa edlule okuhlanganisa no-2018 zisishukumisela ekubeni siqhubekisele phambili endleleni efanele—ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi silethe amaqiniso adingekayo futhi sabuyekeza isayensi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze izethameli eziba nolwazi olukhulayo.

Njengommeli wecala wangaphambili, ngiyazi ukubaluleka kokwakha icala kuze kube yilapho lingenakuphikiswa ukuze liwine. Futhi, ekugcineni, sizowina.