Ekhazimula Ebumnyameni

Ngu-Mark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation
Le bhulogi yaqala ukuvela ku-National Geographic's Ocean Views Site

I-"Radioactive Plume in the ocean" iwuhlobo lwesihloko esiqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bazoyinaka indaba yezindaba elandelayo. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ulwazi olwalandela lokuthi imfucumfucu enamanzi yezinto ezikhipha imisebe evela engozini yenuzi yango-2011 eFukushima izoqala ukufika ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States ngo-2014, kubonakala kungokwemvelo ukwethuka ngokwenzeka ngoLwandlekazi iPacific, okungenzeka kube nemisebe. umonakalo, nezilwandle ezinempilo. Futhi-ke, ukuveza amahlaya angenakugwenywa mayelana nokusefa okuthuthukisiwe kwasebusuku noma ukudoba ukuze kukhanye inyamazane emnyama. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sibhekana nokukhathazeka okuthile okusekelwe kudatha enhle, kunokusabela okuqondakalayo, kodwa ikakhulukazi okungokomzwelo okufana nokwethuka okungadalwa ukukhishwa kwanoma yiliphi inani lezinto ezikhipha imisebe.

Ukuqala kukaSepthemba kwakuzophawula okokuqala abadobi basogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeJapan belungiselela ukubuyela olwandle kusukela kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba kwango-2011 kanye nezinkinga ezalandela ngesikhungo samandla enuzi eFukushima. Amazinga e-radioactivity emanzini aseduze nogu abonakale ephakeme kakhulu isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuze avumele ukudoba—ekugcineni ehle aze afike kumazinga okuphepha amukelekile ngo-2013.

Ukubuka okusemoyeni kwesikhungo samandla enuzi se-TEPCO sika-Fukushima Daiichi kanye namathangi aso okugcina amanzi angcolile. Ikhredithi Yesithombe: Reuters

Ngeshwa, lezo zinhlelo zokubuyisela ingxenye yokuxhumana okungokomlando kwendawo ecekeleke phansi olwandle zibambezelekile ukudalulwa kwakamuva kokuvuza okubalulekile kwamanzi anemisebe evela esitshalweni esilimele. Izigidi zamalitha amanzi ziye zasetshenziswa ukugcina iziphehlisi zenuzi ezintathu ezilimele zipholile kusukela kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba. Amanzi anemisebe agcinwe endaweni emathangeni, ngokusobala, ayengaklanyelwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Nakuba amalitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80 amanzi egcinwe esizeni kuleli phuzu, kusaphazamisa ukucabanga ngamalitha angu-80,000 amanzi angcolile, ngosuku, avuza emhlabathini futhi olwandle, engahlungiwe, evela kwelinye lamanzi. amathangi amanzi alimele kakhulu. Njengoba izikhulu zisebenzela ukubhekana nale nkinga entsha ethize kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ezibiza kakhulu, kunenkinga eqhubekayo yokukhishwa kokuqala kulandela izehlakalo zasentwasahlobo ka-2011.

Lapho kwenzeka ingozi yenuzi eFukushima, ezinye izinhlayiya ezikhipha imisebe zamane zawela iPacific nakuba umoya ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa—ngenhlanhla emazingeni ayebhekwa njengeyingozi. Ngokuqondene nohlaka olucatshangelwayo, uketshezi olukhipha imisebe lwangena emanzini asogwini lwaseJapane ngezindlela ezintathu—izinhlayiya ezikhipha imisebe zawela olwandle ziphuma emkhathini, amanzi angcolile ayeqoqe izinhlayiya ezikhipha imisebe enhlabathini, nokuphuma ngokuqondile kwamanzi angcolile esitshalweni. Ngo-2014, leyo nto ekhipha imisebe ngenxa yokuvela emanzini ase-US—senesikhathi eside yahlanjululwa yaba amazinga angaphansi kwalawo i-World Health Organization ebona ephephile. Isici esilandelekayo saziwa ngokuthi i-Cesium-137, isotopu ezinze ngokuphawulekayo, ekhonjwa ezokwazi ukulinganiswa emashumini eminyaka kanye nonyaka ozayo, ngokuqiniseka okulinganiselwe mayelana nemvelaphi yayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amanzi angcolile avuze olwandle asehlambuluke kangakanani. I-dynamics enamandla ye-Pacific izobe isisizile ekuhlakazweni kwezinto ngokusebenzisa amaphethini emisinga eminingi.

Amamodeli amasha kakhulu abonakala ebonisa ukuthi okunye okubalulekile kuzohlala kugxile eNyakatho yePacific Gyre, leyo ndawo lapho amagagasi enza indawo ephansi yokunyakaza olwandle eheha zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu yabantu. Abaningi bethu abalandela izindaba zasolwandle bayayazi njengendawo yeGreat Pacific Garbage Patch, igama elinikezwe leyo ndawo lapho ukugeleza kolwandle kugxilise khona futhi kwaqoqa imfucumfucu, amakhemikhali, nokunye okulahlwa kwabantu ezindaweni ezikude—iningi lakhona. izingcezu ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zingabonwa kalula. Futhi, ngenkathi abacwaningi bezokwazi ukukhomba ama-isotopes avela eFukushima-akulindelekile ukuthi izinto ezikhipha imisebe zizoba semazingeni aphezulu ayingozi eGyre. Ngokunjalo, kumamodeli akhombisa impahla ekugcineni izogeleza ize iyofika e-Indian Ocean—izolandeleka, kodwa ingabonakali.

Ekugcineni, ukukhathazeka kwethu kuhlangene nezimangaliso zethu. Ukukhathazeka kwethu kulele ekuqhubekeni nokuxoshwa kwabadobi basogwini base-Japanese emsebenzini wabo wokuziphilisa, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi asogwini njengomthombo wokuzilibazisa nogqozi. Sikhathazekile ngemiphumela yamazinga aphezulu kangaka e-radioactivity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emanzini ogwini kuyo yonke impilo engaphakathi. Futhi sithemba ukuthi izikhulu zizoqikelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okusebenzayo kwamanzi amasha angcolile ngaphambi kokuba aphonswe olwandle, ngoba uhlelo lokugcina ethangini luyehluleka ukuvikela ulwandle. Sihlalele ethembeni lokuthi leli yithuba lokuqonda ngempela imiphumela yalezi zingozi, futhi sifunde izindlela ezingavinjelwa ngazo lezi zingozi esikhathini esizayo.

Isimangaliso sethu sihlala siyilokhu: ulwandle lomhlaba wonke lusixhumanisa sonke, futhi esikwenzayo kuyiphi ingxenye yolwandle kuzothinta izingxenye zolwandle ezikude kakhulu nomkhathizwe. Amaza anamandla asinika isimo sezulu, asekela ukuthunyelwa kwethu, futhi akhulise ukukhiqiza kolwandle, aphinde asize ekwehliseni amaphutha ethu amabi kakhulu. Ukushintsha amazinga okushisa olwandle kungase kugudluze leyo misinga. Ukuhlanjululwa akusho ukulimala. Futhi kuseyinselelo yethu ukwenza lokho esingakwenza—ukuvimbela kanye nokubuyisela—ukuze ifa lethu lingabi nje i-cesium-137 elandelekayo emashumini amabili eminyaka, kodwa futhi libe ulwandle olunempilo kangangokuthi i-cesium-137 imane iyinqaba kulabo. abacwaningi bakusasa, hhayi inhlamba ehlanganisayo.

Ngisho noma sidabula ulwazi olungeyikho kanye nesiyaluyalu esingasekelwe kwisayensi, iFukushima iyisifundo kithi sonke, ikakhulukazi uma sicabanga ngokubeka izikhungo zokuphehla amandla enuzi ogwini. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwemisebe emanzini asogwini lwaseJapan kubi kakhulu futhi kungenzeka kuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Futhi kuze kube manje, kubonakala sengathi izinhlelo zemvelo zasolwandle zizoqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi egudle ulwandle yamanye amazwe ayihlushwa ukungcola okufanayo okuvela kule nselele ethile.

Lapha e-The Ocean Foundation, senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukusekela ukuqina nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze silungiselele ukuthukwa kwabantu kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo, nokukhuthaza amandla aphephile ogu, njengalawo athola amandla avuselelekayo emandleni anamandla kakhulu emhlabeni - wethu. ocean (bona okwengeziwe).