I-Ocean Life Ingasiza Ukunciphisa Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu: Isifundo Esisha

Izilwane eziphilayo zigcina ikhabhoni. Uma uthatha inhlanzi olwandle uyidle, isitokwe sekhabhoni ekuleyo nhlanzi siyanyamalala olwandle. I-Oceanic blue carbon ibhekisela ezindleleni zemvelo izilwane zasolwandle (hhayi nje izinhlanzi) ezingasiza ekucupheni nasekuthatheni ikhabhoni, okungase kunciphise imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Olwandle, ikhabhoni igeleza kuwebhu yokudla. Iqala ilungiswe nge-photosynthesis yi-phytoplankton phezulu. Ngokusetshenziswa, ikhabhoni ibe isidluliswa futhi igcinwe emizimbeni yezilwane ezidla izitshalo zasolwandle njenge-krill. Ngokuzidela, ikhabhoni iqoqana ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinkulu zasolwandle njengamasardine, oshaka, nemikhomo.

Imikhomo iqongelela ikhabhoni emizimbeni yayo phakathi nokuphila kwayo okude, eminye yayo ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-200. Lapho zifa, zicwila phansi olwandle, zihambe nekhabhoni. Ucwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi i-whale ngayinye eqoqa amathani angama-33 esikhutha ngokwesilinganiso. Isihlahla ngesikhathi esifanayo sinikela kuphela kumaphesenti ama-3 wokumuncwa kwekhabhoni yomkhomo.

Ezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla zasolwandle zigcina inani elincane lekhabhoni isikhathi esifushane. Isamba sazo sokugcina saziwa ngokuthi "i-biomass carbon". Ukuvikela kanye nokwenza ngcono izitolo ze-oceanic blue carbon ezilwaneni zasolwandle kungase kuholele ekongiweni kanye nezinzuzo zokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Ucwaningo lokuhlola oluhlolayo lusanda kwenziwa e-United Arab Emirates (UAE) ukuze kusizwe ukuqonda okungase kube khona ikhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engaselwandle ekuxazululeni inselele yomhlaba wonke yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokweseka ukudoba okusimeme kanye nenqubomgomo yasolwandle.

Iphrojekthi yokuhlola ye-UAE yagunyazwa yi-Abu-Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI), futhi yasekelwa ngokubambisana kwezimali yiBlue Climate Solutions, iphrojekthi ye- I-Ocean Foundation, kanye ne-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ngokusebenzisa I-GRID-Arendal, esebenzisa futhi isebenzise i I-Global Environment Facility Blue Forest Project.

Ucwaningo lusebenzise amasethi edatha akhona nezindlela zokulinganisa nokuhlola umthamo wezinhlanzi, ama-cetaceans, ama-dugong, izimfudu zasolwandle, nezinyoni zasolwandle ezihlala engxenyeni yemvelo yasolwandle ye-UAE ukuze zigcine futhi zithathe ikhabhoni.

"Ukuhlaziywa kumelela ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-oceanic blue carbon emhlabeni kanye nokuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo ezingeni likazwelonke futhi kuzovumela inqubomgomo efanele nezinhlaka zokuphatha e-UAE ukuthi zihlole izinketho zokuqaliswa okungenzeka kwezinqubomgomo ze-oceanic blue carbon emazingeni endawo nawezwe," kusho. U-Ahmed Abdulmuttaleb Baharoon, Ibamba likaMqondisi we-AGEDI. "Lo msebenzi uwukuqashelwa okuqinile kwamandla okulondoloza kanye nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwezilwane zasolwandle ukuze kuqashelwe njengesixazululo esibalulekile esisekelwe emvelweni enseleleni yesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke," uyanezela.

I-biomass carbon ingenye yazo izindlela eziyisishiyagalolunye ezikhonjiwe ze-oceanic blue carbon lapho izilwane zasolwandle zingalamula ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuthathwa.

UAE i-oceanic blue carbon audit

Umgomo owodwa wocwaningo lwe-UAE kwakuwukuhlola izitolo ze-carbon vertebrate biomass zasolwandle ngokugxila emirate yase-Abu Dhabi, lapho iningi ledatha ekhona ngaphambili lalitholakala.

Amandla okugcina ikhabhoni ye-biomass ahlolwe ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, ukulahleka kwamandla okugcinwa kwekhabhoni ye-biomass kwalinganiselwa ngokuhlaziya idatha yokubanjwa kwezindawo zokudoba. Okwesibili, amandla amanje okugcina ikhabhoni ye-biomass (okungukuthi, i-biomass carbon standing stock) yezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izimfudu zasolwandle nezinyoni zasolwandle alinganiselwa ngokuhlaziya idatha yobuningi. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha ngobuningi bezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlaziya, izinhlanzi azifakwanga ezilinganisweni zesitoko se-biomass carbon esimile, kodwa le datha kufanele ifakwe ezifundweni ezizayo.

Ucwaningo lulinganisela ukuthi ngo-2018, amathani angama-532 amandla okugcina ikhabhoni ye-biomass alahlekile ngenxa yokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi. Lokhu kucishe kulingane namathani amanje alinganiselwa ku-520 e-biomass carbon emirate yezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izimfudu zasolwandle, nezinyoni zasolwandle e-Abu Dhabi emirate.

Lesi sitokwe se-biomass carbon esimile sakhiwe ama-dugong (51%), izimfudu zasolwandle (24%), amahlengethwa (19%), nezinyoni zasolwandle (6%). Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-66 ezihlaziywe (izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-53, izinhlobo ezintathu zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izinhlobo ezimbili zofudu lwasolwandle, nezinhlobo zezinyoni zasolwandle eziyisishiyagalombili) kulolu cwaningo, eziyisishiyagalombili (12%) zinesimo sokulondoloza esisengozini noma ngaphezulu.

"I-Biomass carbon - kanye ne-oceanic blue carbon ngokuvamile - ingenye yezinsiza eziningi ze-ecosystem ezinikezwa yilezi zilwane ngakho akufanele zibhekwe zodwa noma esikhundleni samanye amasu okulondoloza," kusho uHeidi Pearson, uchwepheshe wezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. I-University of Alaska Southeast kanye nombhali oholayo wocwaningo lwe-biomass carbon. 

"Ukuvikela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitolo ze-marine vertebrate biomass carbon kungaba elinye lamasu amaningi okuhlela ukongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu e-UAE," uyanezela.

UMark Spalding, uMongameli we-Ocean Foundation uthi: “Imiphumela iqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwemikhomo nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ukuze kuncishiswe isimo sezulu. "Kubalulekile ukuthi umphakathi womhlaba ubheke lobu bufakazi njengengxenye yemizamo yabo eqhubekayo yokuphatha nokubuyisela impilo yasolwandle kanye nokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke," uyanezela.

Ukuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo ye-Oceanic blue carbon

Omunye umgomo wephrojekthi kwakuwukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-oceanic blue carbon njengethuluzi lenqubomgomo ukusekela ukuphathwa okusimeme kwemithombo yasolwandle kanye nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwahlola ababambiqhaza bezemvelo yasogwini nasolwandle abangama-28 ukuhlola ulwazi, izimo zengqondo, kanye nemibono yomqondo we-oceanic blue carbon kanye nokuhambisana kwayo nenqubomgomo. Ukuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo kutholwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo ye-oceanic blue carbon kunenqubomgomo ebalulekile ehambisana nezindawo zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezindawo zokudoba kuzwelonke, ezifundeni, nasemhlabeni jikelele.

"Iningi lababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni livumile ukuthi ukuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele kwenani le-oceanic blue carbon kufanele kunyuswe futhi kufanele kufakwe emasu okongiwa kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu," kusho uSteven Lutz, uchwepheshe wekhabhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwa-GRID-Arendal futhi oholayo. umbhali wokuhlolwa kwenqubomgomo. “Nakuba kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, lolu cwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ukongiwa kolwandle njengendlela yokunciphisa isimo sezulu kuyasebenza, cishe kuzokwamukelwa kahle futhi kunamandla amakhulu,” uyanezela.

“Le miphumela ingeyokuqala emhlabeni futhi inengxenye enkulu ezingxoxweni ezimayelana nokongiwa nokulawulwa kolwandle mayelana nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu,” kusho u-Isabelle Vanderbeck, uchwepheshe wezimiso zemvelo zasolwandle we-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

“I-oceanic blue carbon ingaba ingxenye yolwazi olusetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni amasu okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, izindawo zokudoba ezisimeme, inqubomgomo yokongiwa kwemvelo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo yasolwandle. Lolu cwaningo luvala kakhulu igebe phakathi kwenqubomgomo yokongiwa kolwandle kanye nenqubomgomo yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi lubaluleke kakhulu ezenzweni zasolwandle okulindeleke ukuthi kuxoxwe ngazo engqungqutheleni yeZizwe Ezihlangene yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngoNovemba,” uyanezela.

The Iminyaka Eyishumi Ye-United Nations Yesayensi Yasolwandle Yentuthuko Esimeme (2021-2030) eyamenyezelwa ngoZibandlela wezi-2017, izohlinzeka ngohlaka olufanayo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi isayensi yolwandle ingakwazi ukusekela ngokugcwele izenzo zamazwe zokuphatha izilwandle ngokusimeme futhi ikakhulukazi ukufeza I-Ajenda Yowezi-2030 Yentuthuko Esimeme.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela uthinte uSteven Lutz (GRID-Arendal): [i-imeyili ivikelwe] noma uGabriel Grimsditch (UNEP): [i-imeyili ivikelwe] noma u-Isabelle Vanderbeck (UNEP): [i-imeyili ivikelwe]