Imayelana Nezinhlanzi...Ngempela.

NguMark J. Spalding - UMongameli, I-Ocean Foundation

Umbuzo: Kungani sikhuluma ngezinhlanzi ezibanjwe zasendle? Miningi kakhulu imikhakha yezimboni zasolwandle, kanye nezindaba eziningi ezigxile ebudlelwaneni babantu nezilwandle. Ingabe kufanele sikhathazeke ngokuthi isikhathi esiningi kangaka esichithwa ekusizeni le mboni ewohlokayo iphile, kunezinye izindaba eziningi zasolwandle okufanele sizixoxele?

Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuthi kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, alukho usongo olukhulu olwandle njengokudoba ngokweqile kanye nemisebenzi ehambisana nakho.

ULwesihlanu bekuwusuku lokugcina I-World Oceans Summit ibanjwe ngu The Economist lapha eSingapore. Umuntu ngokuqinisekile ulindele isitendi esisekela amabhizinisi, noma isixazululo sezimakethe zonxiwankulu, kusuka The Economist. Nakuba lolo hlaka ngezinye izikhathi lungabonakala luwumngcingo kancane, ngokubonga kube nokugxila okuqinile kwezokudoba. Ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi zasendle kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-96 ngo-1988. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwahlala kungashintshile ngomthamo ngokudoba izinhlanzi ezitholakala kancane kancane (ngokulandelana ngokukhomba izinhlanzi ezingafiseleki kangako) futhi kaningi, ngokulandela isiqubulo esithi “inhlanzi 'ize iphele. , bese uqhubeka.”

"Sizingela izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngendlela ebesenza ngayo izilwane zethu zasemhlabeni," kusho uGeoff Carr, uMhleli wezeSayensi. The Economist. Ngakho-ke njengamanje, inani lezinhlanzi lisenkingeni ejulile ngezindlela ezintathu:

1) Sikhipha abaningi kakhulu ukuze balondoloze inani labantu, ingasaphathwa eyokubakhulisa kabusha;
2) Eziningi zalezi esizikhiphayo zimele ezinkulu (ngakho-ke zivunde kakhulu) noma ezincane kunazo zonke (kanye nokhiye wekusasa lethu); futhi
3) Izindlela esibamba ngazo, sicubungule, futhi sizithuthe izinhlanzi ziyingozi ukusuka olwandle ukuya emgudwini wamagagasi aphezulu. Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphila zasolwandle zikhishwa ekulinganiseni ngenxa yalokho.
4. Sisalawula isibalo sezinhlanzi futhi sicabanga ngezinhlanzi njengezitshalo ezimila olwandle esimane sizivune. Eqinisweni, sifunda kabanzi ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ze-ecosystem yolwandle futhi ukuzisusa kusho ukuthi sisusa ingxenye ye-ecosystem. Lokhu kudala izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni imvelo yasolwandle esebenza ngayo.

Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukukhuluma ngezokudoba uma sizokhuluma ngokulondoloza ulwandle. Futhi lapho kungcono ukukhuluma ngakho kunasendaweni lapho ubungozi nezinsongo ziqashelwa kokubili njengendaba yokonga kanye nenkinga yebhizinisi . . . i Economist inkomfa.

Ngokudabukisayo, kutholakala kahle ukuthi ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi zasendle ezimbonini/kwezentengiselwano kungase kungazinzisi imvelo:
- Asikwazi ukuvuna izilwane zasendle ngesilinganiso ukuze zisetshenziswe abantu emhlabeni wonke (ezweni noma olwandle)
- Asikwazi ukudla izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi silindele ukuthi amasistimu ahlale ebhalansi
- Umbiko wakamuva uthi izindawo zethu zokudoba ezingahloliwe nezingaziwa kakhulu ziwonakele kakhulu futhi zinciphe kakhulu, okuthe uma kubhekwa izindaba zezindawo zethu zokudoba ezaziwayo...
- Ukuwa kwezindawo zokudoba kuyanda, futhi uma sekubhidlizwe, imboni yokudoba ayisalulami
- Iningi lezindawo zokudoba ezizinzile ziseduze nezindawo zokukhula kwenani labantu, ngakho-ke kuyindaba nje yesikhathi zize zibe sengcupheni yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile.
- Isidingo samaphrotheni ezinhlanzi sikhula ngokushesha kunokuba ukudla kwasolwandle zasendle kungakwazi ukukusekela
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphazamisa isimo sezulu kanye nokufuduka kwezinhlanzi
– I-acidification yolwandle ibeka engcupheni imithombo yokuqala yokudla yezinhlanzi, ukukhiqizwa kwamagobolondo, kanye nendawo ehlala esengozini efana nezinhlelo zamakhorali ezisebenza njengekhaya okungenani ingxenye yezimpilo zezinhlanzi ezicishe zibe uhhafu wezinhlanzi zomhlaba.
- Ukuphatha ngempumelelo izindawo zokudoba zasendle kuncike emazwini athile aqinile angewona awemboni, futhi imboni, ngokuqondakalayo ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ezinqumweni zokuphatha imboni yokudoba.

Futhi imboni ayiphilile noma isimeme:
– Izinhlanzi zethu ezizidobileyo sezivele zixhashazwe ngokweqile futhi imboni isinemali eningi (izikebhe eziningi ezijaha izinhlanzi ezimbalwa)
- Imboni yokudoba ngezinga elikhulu ngeke ikwazi ukwenza imali ngaphandle koxhaso lukahulumeni lwamafutha, ukwakha imikhumbi, nezinye izingxenye zemboni;
-Lezi zibonelelo, ezisanda kuhlolwa kanzima eNhlanganweni Yomhlaba Yezohwebo, zakha isisusa sezomnotho sokucekela phansi inhlokodolobha yemvelo yolwandle lwethu; okungukuthi njengamanje basebenza ngokumelene nokusimama;
- Izindleko zikaphethiloli nezinye ziyakhuphuka, kanye nezinga lolwandle, okuthinta ingqalasizinda yemikhumbi yokudoba;
- Imboni yezinhlanzi ezibanjwe zasendle ibhekene nenkundla yokuncintisana kakhulu, ngaphezu kokulawulwa, lapho izimakethe zidinga amazinga aphezulu, ikhwalithi, kanye nokulandelelwa komkhiqizo
- Ukuncintisana okuvela emanzini kubalulekile futhi kuyakhula. I-aquaculture isivele ibamba ngaphezu kwengxenye yemakethe yezilwane zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukufuywa kwezilwane zasogwini eziseduze nogu kuzophindeka kabili, njengoba kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo basogwini obubhekana nezinselele zezifo, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ogwini.
- Futhi, kufanele ibhekane nalezi zinguquko kanye nezinselele ngengqalasizinda egqwalile, izinyathelo eziningi kakhulu ochungechungeni lwayo lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla (okunengozi yodoti esigabeni ngasinye), futhi konke kunomkhiqizo owonakalayo odinga isiqandisi, ukuthutha okusheshayo, nokucubungula okuhlanzekile.
Uma uyibhange elibheke ukunciphisa ubungozi kuphothifoliyo yakho yemalimboleko, noma inkampani yomshwalense efuna amabhizinisi anobungozi obuncane ozowaqinisekisa, uzokweqa kakhulu izindleko, isimo sezulu, kanye nezingozi zezingozi ezitholakala ezindaweni zokudoba zasendle futhi uyengwe i-aquaculture/i-mariculture njengenye indlela engcono.

Ukuphepha Kokudla Kunalokho
Kulo mhlangano kube nezikhathi ezimbalwa ebezifike ngesikhathi zokukhumbuza abaxhasi nezikhulumi abazikhethile ukuthi ukudoba ngokweqile kuhlobene nobubha nokuziphilisa. Singakwazi yini ukubuyisela amasistimu okuphila olwandle, simise kabusha amazinga angokomlando okukhiqiza, futhi sikhulume ngendima yawo ekuvikelekeni kokudla—ikakhulukazi, bangaki abantu bethu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7 abangancika ekudleni kwasolwandle kwasendle njengomthombo wamaprotheni abalulekile, futhi yiziphi ezinye izindlela zethu yokondla abanye, ikakhulukazi njengoba inani labantu likhula?

Kudingeka sihlale siqaphela ukuthi umdobi omncane kusafanele akwazi ukondla umndeni wakhe—ngokwesibonelo, unezinye izindlela ezimbalwa zamaphrotheni kunabasemadolobheni aseMelika. Ukudoba kuwukuphila kwabantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka sicabange ngezixazululo zokuthuthukiswa kabusha kwezindawo zasemakhaya. Izindaba ezimnandi kithina emphakathini wokongiwa kwemvelo ukuthi uma sigqugquzela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo olwandle, sandisa umkhiqizo futhi ngaleyo ndlela izinga elithile lokuvikeleka kokudla. Futhi, uma siqinisekisa ukuthi asikhiphi izinsiza ngendlela eyenza i-ecosystem ibe lula (ishiya izinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu nezifana kakhulu ngokofuzo), singaphinda sigweme ukuwohloka okwengeziwe phakathi kwezimo ezishintshayo.

Ngakho sidinga:
- Nweba inani lamazwe asebenzela ekuphathweni okusimeme kwezindawo zokudobela inzuzo emanzini awo
- Setha Isamba Esivumelekile Ukubamba ngendlela efanele ukuze uvumele izinhlanzi ukuthi zizalane futhi zilulame (zimbalwa kuphela izifunda ezithuthuke kahle ezenze lokhu okwakudingeka ngaphambili)
- Khipha uxhaso oluhlanekezela imakethe ohlelweni (luyaqhubeka e-WTO)
- Uhulumeni enze umsebenzi wakhe futhi alandele ukudoba okungekho emthethweni, okungabikwanga nokungalawulwa (IUU)
- Dala izikhuthazo zokubhekana nenkinga yokugcwala ngokweqile
– Dala izindawo ezivikelekile zasolwandle (ama-MPAs) ukuze ubeke eceleni izindawo zezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane ezizozalana futhi ziphinde zilulame, ngaphandle kwengozi yokubanjwa noma ukulimala kwezinto zokudoba.

Inselele
Konke lokhu kudinga intando yezombangazwe, ukuzibophezela kwezinhlangothi eziningi, kanye nokuqashelwa ukuthi eminye imikhawulo yamanje ingase idingeke ukuze kuphumelele ikusasa. Kuze kube manje, asekhona amalungu emboni yokudoba asebenzisa amandla awo abalulekile ezombusazwe ukuphikisa imingcele yokubamba, ukunciphisa ukuvikelwa kuma-MPA, kanye nokugcina uxhaso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona futhi ukuqashelwa okwandayo kwezidingo zemiphakathi edobayo enezindlela ezimbalwa zomnotho, izinketho ezivelayo zokunciphisa ukucindezela olwandle ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi emhlabeni, kanye nokwehla okucacile ezindaweni eziningi zokudoba.

E-The Ocean Foundation, umphakathi wethu wabanikeli, abeluleki, abanikezwa izibonelelo, abaholi bephrojekthi, kanye nozakwethu basebenzela ukuthola izixazululo. Izixazululo ezisebenzisa amasu amaningi, ezicatshangelwa ngokucophelela imiphumela engaba khona, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa bokuhlela ikusasa lapho wonke umhlaba ungeke wondliwe olwandle, kodwa umhlaba usazokwazi ukuncika olwandle njengengxenye yolwandle. ukuphepha kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Sithemba ukuthi uzosijoyina.