Ukulandelela Amabhere Amhlophe

UDkt. Andrew E. Derocher, waseNyuvesi yase-Alberta, unikezwe i-TOF's I-Polar Seas Initiative osekelwa abanikeli ngabanye kanye nabalingani bezinkampani ezifana lokho Ibhodlela. Sihlangane noDkt. Derocher ukuze sizwe kabanzi ngomsebenzi awenzayo nokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kunamuphi umphumela kumabhere amhlophe.

Kunjani ukufunda amabhere amhlophe?
Ezinye izinhlobo zifundeka kalula kunezinye futhi amabhere amhlophe awawona alula. Kuya ngokuthi bahlalaphi, singababona yini, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela esingazisebenzisa. Amabhere amhlophe ahlala ezindaweni ezikude ezibandayo ezibiza kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, izinhlelo zocwaningo zesikhathi eside zisho ukuthi sazi okuningi ngamabhere amhlophe kodwa sihlala sibheke amathuluzi amasha nathuthukisiwe.

Usebenzisa luphi uhlobo lwamathuluzi?
Ithuluzi elilodwa elithakazelisayo elivelayo imisakazo exhunywe ngesathelayithi yendlebe. Sisebenzise ikhola yesathelayithi amashumi eminyaka ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, ukufuduka, ukusinda, namazinga okuzala, kodwa lokhu kungasetshenziswa kwabesifazane abadala kuphela ngoba amadoda amadala anentamo ebanzi kunamakhanda awo futhi amakholomu aphumayo. Imisakazo ye-ear tag (cishe isisindo sebhethri le-AA) ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingasetshenziswa kubo bobabili ubulili futhi isinikeze ulwazi lwendawo olufika ezinyangeni eziyisi-6. Kwamanye amapharamitha abalulekile, njengamadethi amabhere ahamba futhi abuyela ezweni, laba bomaki basebenza kahle. Bachaza isikhathi sebhere elisemhlabeni lapho iqhwa lasolwandle selincibilikile futhi amabhere aya ogwini futhi athembele emafutheni awo agciniwe ukuze athole amandla. Kunomkhawulo wokuthi amabhere angaphila isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokudla futhi ngokuqapha isikhathi esingenaqhwa ngombono webhere elimhlophe sithola ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuwathinta kanjani.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukuthinta kanjani ukuziphatha kwebhere elimhlophe?
Usongo olukhulu olubhekene namabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala okubangelwa ukufudumala e-Arctic. Uma isikhathi sokungabi neqhwa sidlula izinsuku ezingu-180-200, amabhere amaningi azoqeda izitolo zawo zamafutha futhi alambe. Amabhere amancane kakhulu namadala kunawo wonke asengozini enkulu.Ngesikhathi sasebusika i-Arctic amabhere amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo, ngaphandle kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abakhulelwe, aphuma olwandle azingela izimvu zamanzi eqhweni. Ukuzingela okuhle kakhulu kwenzeka entwasahlobo lapho izimvu zamanzi ezinamaringi kanye nezintshebe ziphuma ziphuphuma. Imidlwane eminingi ye-naïve seal, nomama abazama ukuyincelisa, inikeza ithuba lokuba amabhere akhuluphale. Kumabhere amhlophe, amafutha yilapho ekhona. Uma uwacabanga njengamavacuum amafutha, ususondele ekuqondeni ukuthi ahlala kanjani endaweni enokhahlo. Ama-seal athembele kungqimba olugqinsi lwe-blubber ukuze ahlale efudumele futhi amabhere athembele ekudleni lawo manzi acebile amandla ukuze azakhele izitolo zawo zamafutha. Ibhere lingadla kufika ku-20% wesisindo somzimba walo esidlweni esisodwa futhi kulokho, ngaphezu kuka-90% azoya ngqo kumaseli awo amafutha ukuze agcinwe izikhathi lapho izimvu zamanzi zingatholakali. Alikho ibhere elimhlophe elake labuka ukubonakala kwalo lacabanga ukuthi “ngikhuluphele kakhulu”. Ukusinda kwekhuluphele e-Arctic.

Ezinsikazi ezikhulelwe ezifakwe emigodini yasebusika ngaphambilini ziye zabeka amafutha amakhulu ezivumela ukuba zikwazi ukuphila kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ngaphandle kokuncelisa kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo zizala futhi zincelisa amawundlu azo. Ingane eyodwa noma amabili amancane alingana ne-guinea pig azalwa ngosuku lukaNcibijane. Uma iqhwa lisheshe lincibilike, laba omama abasha ngeke babe nesikhathi esanele sokugcina amafutha ehlobo elizayo. Amawundlu ebhere elimhlophe athembele obisini lukanina iminyaka engu-2.5 futhi ngenxa yokuthi akhula ngokushesha, anamafutha amancane agciniwe. Umama uyinetha labo lokuphepha.

Yini ofuna abantu bayazi ngomsebenzi wakho?
Kuyinselele ukuba ibhere elimhlophe: ubusuku basebusika obubandayo obubandayo obuhlala izinyanga izinyanga futhi buhlala eqhweni lasolwandle eliqhutshwa umoya nemisinga. Into ewukuthi, amabhere aguquke ukuze aphile lapho futhi izimo ziyashintsha. Ukuba i-terrestrial kakhulu njengokhokho wabo we-grizzly bear akuyona inketho. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubaphuca indawo abaphila ngayo ukuze bayisebenzise. Ucwaningo lwethu lunomthelela ekuqondeni ukuthi amabhere ase-polar asabela kanjani ezimweni zokufudumala. Njengezithombe zase-Arctic, amabhere ase-polar ngokungaqondile abe uhlobo lwezithombe zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Sinesikhathi sokushintsha ikusasa lebhere leqhwa futhi ngokushesha senza kangcono. Ikusasa labo lincike ezinqumweni esizithatha namuhla.