Ukuqina kolwandle

Iyini i-Ocean Acidification?

Embulungeni yonke, amakhemikhali olwandle ashintsha ngokushesha kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi emlandweni womhlaba.

Ngokwesilinganiso, amanzi olwandle ane-asidi ngo-30% kunangeminyaka engama-250 edlule. Futhi ngenkathi lolu shintsho ku-chemistry - eyaziwa ngokuthi olwandle acidization - ingase ingabonakali, imiphumela yayo ayifani.

Njengoba ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide eyengeziwe kuncibilika olwandle, ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kuyashintsha, okwenza amanzi olwandle abe neasidi. Lokhu kungase kugcizelele izinto eziphilayo olwandle futhi kunciphise ukutholakala kwamabhulokhi wokwakha athile - kwenze kube nzima ukuthi izidalwa ezenza i-calcium carbonate ezifana nama-oyster, ama-lobster, namakhorali akhe amagobolondo aqinile noma izinhlaka zamathambo eziwadingayo ukuze ziphile. Kwenza ezinye izinhlanzi zidideke, futhi njengoba izilwane zinxephezela ukuze zilondoloze amakhemikhali azo angaphakathi naphezu kwalezi zinguquko zangaphandle, azinawo amandla eziwadingayo ukuze zikhule, zizalane, zithole ukudla, zigweme izifo, futhi ziphathe ngendlela evamile.

I-Ocean acidification ingadala umphumela we-domino: Ingaphazamisa i-ecosystem yonke enokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-algae ne-plankton - izingqimba zokwakha izingosi zokudla - kanye nezilwane ezibalulekile ngokwesiko, umnotho, kanye nemvelo njengezinhlanzi, amakhorali, nama-urchin olwandle. Nakuba ukuthambekela kwalolu shintsho kumakhemikhali olwandle kungahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo nemiphakathi, ukuxhumana okuphazamisekile kunganciphisa umsebenzi we-ecosystem jikelele futhi kudale izimo zesikhathi esizayo okunzima ukuzibikezela nokufunda. Futhi kuya ngokuba kubi kakhulu.

Izixazululo Ezinyakazisa Inalithi

Kufanele sehlise inani lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ye-anthropogenic engena emkhathini kusuka kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Kudingeka siqinise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-acidification yolwandle kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokunaka kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlaka zokulawula okusemthethweni, ukuze lezi zindaba zibonakale njengezindaba ezihlobene hhayi izinselele ezihlukene. Futhi, sidinga ukuxhasa ngokuqhubekayo futhi sigcine amanethiwekhi okuqapha ezesayensi nokudalwa kolwazi lwesikhathi esiseduze nesikhathi eside.

I-Ocean acidification idinga izinhlangano zomphakathi, ezizimele, nezingenzi nzuzo kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle komphakathi wasolwandle ukuthi zihlangane - futhi zithuthukise izixazululo ezinyakazisa inaliti.

Kusukela ngo-2003, besikhuthaza ukuqamba okusha futhi sithuthukisa ubambiswano lwamasu, ukuze sisekele ososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, nemiphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Lo msebenzi ubuswe isu elinezinhlangothi ezintathu:

1. Gada futhi Hlaziya: Ukwakha Isayensi
2. Zibandakanye: Ukuqinisa Nokukhulisa Inethiwekhi yethu
3. Act: Ukuthuthukisa Inqubomgomo

Qaphela futhi Hlaziya: Ukwakha Isayensi

Ukubheka ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani, kuphi, futhi kanjani uguquko lwenzeka ngokushesha, kanye nokufunda imiphumela yekhemistri yolwandle emiphakathini yemvelo neyomuntu.

Ukuze siphendule ekushintsheni kwamakhemikhali olwandle, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi kwenzakalani. Lokhu kuqapha kwesayensi nocwaningo kumele kwenzeke emhlabeni wonke, kuyo yonke imiphakathi egudle ugu.

Ukuhlomisa Ososayensi

GOA-ON Ebhokisini
Isayensi ye-Ocean acidification kufanele isebenze, ithengeke futhi ifinyeleleke. Ukuze sisekele i-Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network, sihumushe ilebhu eyinkimbinkimbi nezinto zokusebenza zasensimini zibe a ikhithi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, enezindleko eziphansi - GOA-ON in a Box — ukuqoqa izilinganiso eziphezulu ze-acidification yolwandle. Le mpahla, esiye sayithumela emhlabeni wonke emiphakathini yasogwini ekude, iye yanikezwa ososayensi emazweni angu-17 e-Afrika, eziQhingini zasePacific, naseLatin America.

Funda kabanzi

pCO₂ ukuhamba
Sihlanganyele noSolwazi Burke Hales ukwakha inzwa yamakhemikhali ebiza kancane nephathekayo ebizwa ngokuthi “pCO₂ ukuhamba". Le nzwa ikala ukuthi ingakanani i-CO₂  incibilika emanzini olwandle (pCO₂) ukuze abasebenzi abasebenza ezindaweni ezichanyuselwa i-shellfish bakwazi ukufunda ukuthi i-shellfish yabo encane ibhekana nani ngesikhathi sangempela futhi bathathe isinyathelo uma kudingeka. E-Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute, isikhungo sokucwaninga olwandle eSeward, e-Alaska, i-pCO₂ i-to Go yafakwa esimeni sayo kokubili lapho kuchanyuselwa khona kanye nasensimini - ukuze ilungele ukutshala izimali kubafuyi bezimbaza abasengozini ezindaweni ezintsha.

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Uhlelo lwe-Pier2Peer Mentorship
Siphinde futhi sibambisane ne-GOA-ON ukuze sisekele uhlelo lokweluleka ngokwesayensi, olwaziwa nge-Pier2Peer, ngokuklomelisa izibonelelo kubaluleki kanye nababili abaqeqeshwayo - ukusekela izinzuzo ezibonakalayo kukhono lobuchwepheshe, ukubambisana, nolwazi. Kuze kube manje, ngaphezu kwamapheya angama-25 aklonyeliswe ngemifundaze esekela ukuthengwa kwemishini, uhambo lokushintshisana ngolwazi, kanye nezindleko zokucubungula isampula.

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Ukunciphisa Ukuba sengozini

Ngenxa yokuthi i-acidification yolwandle iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi imiphumela yakho ifinyelela kude, kungaba nzima ukuqonda ukuthi izoyithinta kanjani imiphakathi yasogwini. Ukugadwa kwe-Nearshore kanye nokuhlolwa kwebhayoloji kusisiza ukuthi siphendule imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nokuthi izinto eziphilayo neziphilayo zingase ziqhubeke kanjani. Kodwa, ukuze uqonde imiphumela emiphakathini yabantu, isayensi yezenhlalo iyadingeka.

Ngosekelo oluvela ku-NOAA, i-TOF idizayina uhlaka lokuhlola ukuba sengozini kwe-acidification olwandle e-Puerto Rico, nozakwethu e-University of Hawai'i nase-Puerto Rico Sea Grant. Ukuhlola kuhilela ukuqonda isayensi yemvelo - ukuthi iyiphi idatha yokuqapha neyokuhlola engasitshela ngekusasa lase-Puerto Rico - kodwa nesayensi yezenhlalo. Ingabe imiphakathi isivele ilubona ushintsho? Bazizwa kanjani ukuthi imisebenzi yabo nemiphakathi iyathinteka futhi izothinteka? Lapho senza lokhu kuhlola, sidale imodeli engaphindwa kwenye indawo ekhawulelwe idatha, futhi saqasha abafundi bendawo ukuze basisize sisebenzise ucwaningo lwethu. Lolu wuhlelo lokuqala lokuhlola ubungozi besifunda lwe-NOAA Ocean Acidification oluxhaswe ngezimali ukuze lugxile endaweni yase-US futhi luzogqama njengesibonelo semizamo yesikhathi esizayo kuyilapho lunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesifunda esingamelelwe kahle.

Zibandakanye: Ukuqinisa Nokukhulisa Inethiwekhi yethu

Ukwakha ubudlelwano kanye nemifelandawonye nababambe iqhaza.

Ngaphandle nje kokunciphisa izindleko zokuqapha, siphinde sisebenzele ukuthuthukisa amandla abacwaningi ukuhola izinhlelo zokuqapha eziklanywe endaweni, ukuzixhuma kwabanye odokotela, nokwenza kube lula ukushintshana kwemishini yobuchwepheshe kanye negiya. Kusukela ngo-April 2023, sesiqeqeshe abacwaningi abangaphezu kuka-150 abavela emazweni angaphezu kuka-25. Njengoba beqoqa iqoqo ledatha ngesimo sendawo engaselugwini, bese sibaxhuma kuzinsiza ukuze sisize ukuze lolo lwazi lulayishwe kusizindalwazi esibanzi njenge Umgomo Wentuthuko Eqhubekayo 14.3.1 ingosi, ehlanganisa idatha ye-acidification yolwandle evela emhlabeni wonke.

Ukwakha Amandla E-Ocean Acidification Monitoring e-Gulf of Guinea (BIOTTA)

I-Ocean acidification yindaba yomhlaba wonke enamaphethini endawo kanye nemiphumela. Ukusebenzisana kwesifunda kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi i-acidification yolwandle ithinta kanjani i-ecosystem nezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokufaka uhlelo oluyimpumelelo lokunciphisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. I-TOF isekela ukusebenzisana kwesifunda eGulf of Guinea ngokusebenzisa i-Building CapacIty in Ocean AcdificaTion MoniToring in the Gulf of GuineA (BIOTTA) project, eholwa uDkt. Edem Mahu futhi esebenza eBenin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, kanye neNigeria. Ngokubambisana namaphuzu okugxilwe kuwo avela ezweni ngalinye elimelwe kanye nomxhumanisi wabafundi eNyuvesi yaseGhana, i-TOF inikeze umhlahlandlela wokubandakanya ababambiqhaza, ukuhlolwa kwezinsiza, nokuqapha kwesifunda kanye nokukhiqizwa kwedatha. I-TOF futhi isebenzela ukuthumela imishini yokuqapha kubalingani be-BIOTTA futhi ixhumanise mathupha nokuqeqeshwa okukude.

Ukumisa iziQhingi zasePacific njengendawo yocwaningo lwe-OA

I-TOF inikeze i-GOA-ON ku-Box kits emazweni ahlukahlukene eziQhingini zase-Pacific. Futhi, ngokubambisana ne-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, sikhethe futhi seseka isikhungo esisha sokuqeqeshwa kwe-acidification olwandle, I-Pacific Islands Ocean Acidification Centre (PIOAC) eSuva, eFiji. Lona bekuwumzamo ohlanganyelwe oholwa yi-The Pacific Community (SPC), i-University of the South Pacific (USP), i-University of Otago, kanye ne-New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Lesi sikhungo siyindawo yokuhlangana yabo bonke esifundeni ukuze bathole ukuqeqeshwa kwesayensi ye-OA, basebenzise imishini ekhethekile yokuqapha amakhemikhali olwandle, bathathe izingxenye eziyisipele zemishini yekhithi, futhi bathole iziqondiso mayelana nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi/ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha nokulungisa imishini. Ngokungeziwe ekusizeni ukuqoqa ubuchwepheshe besifunda obuhlinzekwa ngabasebenzi bekhemistri ye-carbonate, izinzwa, ukuphathwa kwedatha, namanethiwekhi esifunda, sisebenza futhi ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi i-PIOAC isebenza njengendawo emaphakathi yokuhamba ukuze uqeqeshwe nge-GOA-ON ezimbili ezizinikele ama-Box kits kanye nokucosha izingxenye eziyisipele ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi nezindleko ekulungiseni noma iyiphi impahla.

Umthetho: Ukuthuthukisa Inqubomgomo

Ukushaya umthetho osekela isayensi, onciphisa ukugcwala kwe-asidi olwandle, futhi usize imiphakathi izijwayeze.

Ukunciphisa kwangempela nokuzivumelanisa nolwandle olushintshayo kudinga inqubomgomo. Izinhlelo eziqinile zokuqapha nokucwaninga zidinga uxhaso lukazwelonke ukuthi luqhubeke. Izinyathelo eziqondile zokunciphisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zidinga ukuhlanganiswa esikalini sendawo, sesifunda, nesikazwelonke. Nakuba ulwandle lungayazi imingcele, izinhlelo zomthetho ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zidinga ukudalwa.

Ezingeni lesifunda, sisebenzisana nohulumeni base-Caribbean Abayingxenye Yengqungquthela Yase-Cartagena futhi baye basekela ukuthuthukiswa kokuqapha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza e-Western Indian Ocean.

Ezingeni likazwelonke, sisebenzisa incwadi yethu yokuqondisa yomthetho, siqeqeshe izishayamthetho e-Mexico ngokubaluleka kokwenziwa kwe-asidi olwandle futhi siyaqhubeka nokunikeza iseluleko sezingxoxo zenqubomgomo eziqhubekayo ezweni elinezilwane zasendle ezibalulekile zasogwini nezilwandle kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Sihlanganyele noHulumeni wasePeru ukuze sisize ukuthuthukisa isenzo sezinga likazwelonke ukuze siqonde futhi siphendule ekuguqulweni kwe-asidi olwandle.

Cela Incwadi Yeziqondiso

Ezingeni elingaphansi kwezwe, sisebenzisana nezishayamthetho ekuthuthukisweni nasekuphasisweni kwemithetho emisha yokweseka ukuhlelwa nokuzivumelanisa ne-asidi yolwandle.

Sisiza ekwakheni isayensi, inqubomgomo, namandla ezobuchwepheshe odokotela abahola izinhlelo ze-acidification yolwandle emhlabeni wonke nasemazweni abo asekhaya.

Sakha amathuluzi asebenzayo nezisetshenziswa ezidizayinelwe ukusebenza emhlabeni wonke - okuhlanganisa iNyakatho Melika, i-Pacific Islands, i-Afrika, i-Latin America, ne-Caribbean. Lokhu sikwenza ngokusebenzisa:

Ukuxhumanisa imiphakathi yasendaweni kanye nochwepheshe be-R&D ukuze baklame izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezithengekayo, zomthombo ovulekile kanye nokwenza kube lula ukushintshana kwemishini yobuchwepheshe nemishini.

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Ukubamba ukuqeqeshwa emhlabeni wonke nokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwesikhathi eside ngemishini, izibonelelo, kanye nokwelulekwa okuqhubekayo.

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Imizamo yokuhola eholayo mayelana nezinqubomgomo zokwenziwa kweasidi olwandle ezingeni likazwelonke kanye nelezwe elingaphansi kanye nokusiza ohulumeni ukuthi bafune izinqumo emazingeni omhlaba nawesifunda.

Funda kabanzi

Ukubonisa imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kobuchwepheshe obusha, obulula, obuthengekayo bokukwazi ukumelana nezimbaza ekuqhamukeni ukuze kubhekwane nokushintsha kwezimo zolwandle.

Naphezu kosongo olukhulu oluletha iplanethi yethu, kusenezikhala ezinkulu ekuqondeni kwethu okuyimbudumbudu kwesayensi nemiphumela ye-acidification yolwandle. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuyimisa ngempela ukumisa yonke i-CO₂ ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Kodwa, uma siqonda ukuthi kwenzekani esifundeni, singaklama izinhlelo zokuphatha, zokunciphisa, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezivikela imiphakathi ebalulekile, imvelo, kanye nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Usuku Lokusebenza Lwe-Ocean Acidification

Funda kabanzi

IZIXHUMANISI EZININGI

I-Ocean Science Equity Initiative | Ukwakhiwa kwamakhono | I-Ocean Science Diplomacy
Ukuhlomisa Ososayensi Nemiphakathi | Ukuhlanganyela Okufakiwe: Isifunda SaseNtshonalanga Afrika

IMIGOMO YOKUTHUTHUKISA ESIMISELE Ehlobene (SDGS)