I-Ocean Literacy and Conservation Behaviour Change

BUYELA OCWANINGO

Okuqukethwe

1. Isingeniso
2. Izisekelo Zokufunda Nokufunda Olwandle
- 2.1 Isifingqo
- 2.2 Amasu Okuxhumana
3. Ukushintsha Ukuziphatha
- I-3.1. Isifingqo
- I-3.2. Isicelo
- 3.3. Uzwela Olusekelwe Emvelweni
4. Imfundo
- 4.1 I-STEM kanye noLwandle
- 4.2 Izinsiza Zothisha be-K-12
5. Ukuhlukahluka, Ukulingana, Ukufakwa, kanye Nobulungiswa
6. Amazinga, Izindlela, kanye Nezinkomba

1. Isingeniso

Esinye sezithiyo ezibaluleke kakhulu zenqubekelaphambili emkhakheni wezokongiwa kolwandle ukuntula ukuqonda kwangempela ukubaluleka, ukuba sengozini, kanye nokuxhumana kwezinhlelo zolwandle. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi umphakathi awuhlomekile kahle ngolwazi mayelana nezindaba zasolwandle kanye nokufinyelela olwazini lokufunda olwandle njengomkhakha wokufunda kanye nendlela esebenzayo yemisebenzi bekukade kunokungalingani ngokomlando. Iphrojekthi entsha eyinhloko ye-Ocean Foundation, i Fundisa Ngesinyathelo Solwandle, yasungulwa ngo-2022 ukuze kubhekwane nale nkinga. I-Teach For the Ocean izinikele ekuguquleni indlela esifundisa ngayo mayelana ulwandle lube amathuluzi namasu akhuthaza amaphethini nemikhuba emisha ngoba ulwandle. Ukuze kusekelwe lolu hlelo, leli khasi locwaningo lihloselwe ukunikeza amazwibela edatha yamanje kanye nemikhuba yakamuva mayelana nokufunda nolwandle kanye noshintsho lokuziphatha ngokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokuhlonza izikhala i-Ocean Foundation engazigcwalisa ngalesi sinyathelo.

Kuyini ukufunda nolwandle?

Nakuba incazelo eqondile ihluka phakathi kokushicilelwe, ngamagama alula, ukufunda olwandle kuwukuqonda ithonya lolwandle kubantu nasemhlabeni wonkana. Ukuqaphela ukuthi umuntu uyazi kanjani imvelo yolwandle nokuthi impilo nenhlalakahle yolwandle ingabathinta kanjani wonke umuntu, kanye nolwazi olujwayelekile lolwandle kanye nempilo ehlala kulo, ukwakheka kwalo, umsebenzi walo, kanye nendlela yokuxhumana lokhu. ulwazi kwabanye.

Kuyini ukuguquka kokuziphatha?

Ukushintsha ukuziphatha kuwucwaningo lokuthi abantu bashintsha kanjani futhi kungani abantu beshintsha isimo sabo sengqondo nokuziphatha, nokuthi abantu bangasikhuthaza kanjani isenzo sokuvikela imvelo. Njengokufunda olwandle, kunenkulumompikiswano mayelana nencazelo eqondile yokuguqulwa kokuziphatha, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imibono ehlanganisa imibono yengqondo nezimo zengqondo kanye nokuthatha izinqumo mayelana nokongiwa kwemvelo.

Yini engenziwa ukuze kusizwe amagebe kwezemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, nokusebenzelana komphakathi?

I-TOF's ocean literacy approach igxile ethembeni, esenzweni, nasekushintsheni kokuziphatha, isihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi esaxoxwa nguMongameli we-TOF uMark J. Spalding ibhulogi yethu ngo-2015. I-Teach For the Ocean ihlinzeka ngamamojula okuqeqesha, ulwazi kanye nezinsiza zokuxhumana, kanye nezinsizakalo zokweluleka ukuze kusekelwe umphakathi wethu wothisha basolwandle njengoba besebenza ndawonye ukuqhubekisela phambili indlela yabo yokufundisa nokuthuthukisa indlela yabo yokwenza ngenhloso yokuletha ushintsho oluqhubekayo lokuziphatha. Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi Fundisa Ulwandle lungatholakala ekhasini lethu lokuqala, lapha.

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2. I-Ocean Literacy

2.1 Isifingqo

Marrero futhi Payne. (Juni 2021). I-Ocean Literacy: Ukusuka ku-Ripple kuya ku-Wave. Encwadini ethi: Ocean Literacy: Understanding the Ocean, pp.21-39. I-DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-70155-0_2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication /352804017_Ocean_Literacy_Understanding _the_Ocean

Kunesidingo esinamandla sokufunda olwandle esikalini samazwe ngamazwe ngoba ulwandle ludlula imingcele yamazwe. Le ncwadi ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezihlukene zokufundisa ngezilwandle kanye nokufunda nokubhala. Lesi sahluko ikakhulukazi sihlinzeka ngomlando wolwazi lokufunda nolwandle, sixhumanise neNhloso 14 yeNtuthuko Esimeme yeZizwe Ezihlangene, futhi senza izincomo zokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe nezinqubo zemfundo. Isahluko siqala e-United States futhi sandisa ububanzi ukuze sihlanganise izincomo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wonke.

U-Marrero, ME, Payne, DL, & Breidahl, H. (2019). Icala Lokubambisana Lokugqugquzela I-Global Ocean Literacy. Imingcele kuSayensi Yasolwandle, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00325 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333941293_The_Case_for_Collaboration_ to_Foster_Global_Ocean_Literacy

I-Ocean literacy ithuthukiswe emzamweni wokusebenzisana phakathi kothisha abasemthethweni nabangekho emthethweni, ososayensi, ochwepheshe bakahulumeni, nabanye ababenentshisekelo yokuchaza lokho abantu okufanele bakwazi mayelana nolwandle. Ababhali bagcizelela indima yamanethiwekhi emfundo yasolwandle emsebenzini wokufunda olwandle emhlabeni wonke futhi baxoxe ngokubaluleka kokubambisana nesenzo sokukhuthaza ikusasa lolwandle elisimeme. Leli phepha lithi amanethiwekhi olwazi lokufunda olwandle adinga ukusebenzisana ngokugxila kubantu nasekubambisaneni ukuze bakhe imikhiqizo, nakuba kuningi okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kwakhiwe izinsiza eziqinile, ezingaguquki, nezibandakanya kakhulu.

Uyarra, MC, and Borja, Á. (2016). I-Ocean literacy: umqondo 'omusha' wezenhlalo nemvelo wokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezilwandle. Umbiko Wokungcoliswa Kwasolwandle 104, 1–2. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.060 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 298329423_Ocean_literacy_A_’new’_socio-ecological_concept_for_a_sustainable_use_ of_the_seas

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlolovo zombono womphakathi wezinsongo zasolwandle nokuvikelwa emhlabeni wonke. Iningi labaphendulile likholelwa ukuthi indawo yasolwandle isengozini. Ukungcola kukleliswe phezulu kulandelwa ukudoba, ukushintshwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Iningi labaphendulayo lisekela izindawo zasolwandle ezivikelwe esifundeni noma ezweni labo. Iningi labaphendulile lifuna ukubona izindawo zolwandle ezinkulu zivikelekile kunamanje. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wokuxoxisana nolwandle njengoba kukhombisa ukuthi ukwesekwa kwalezi zinhlelo kukhona noma ngabe ukusekelwa kwamanye amaphrojekthi olwandle bekungekho kuze kube manje.

Gelcich, S., Buckley, P., Pinnegar, JK, Chilvers, J., Lorenzoni, I., Terry, G., et al. (2014). Ukuqwashisa umphakathi, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile mayelana nomthelela we-anthropogenic ezindaweni zasolwandle. Izinqubo zeNational Academies of Science USA 111, 15042-15047. i-doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1417344111 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 267749285_Public_awareness_concerns_and _priorities_about_anthropogenic_impacts_on _marine_environments

Izinga lokukhathazeka mayelana nemithelela yasolwandle lihlobene eduze nezinga lokwaziswa. Ukungcola kanye nokudoba ngokweqile yizindawo ezimbili ezibekwa eqhulwini ngumphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubomgomo. Izinga lokwethenjwa liyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemithombo yolwazi eyahlukene futhi liphakeme kakhulu ezifundweni nasekushicilelweni kwezazi kodwa liphansi kuhulumeni noma embonini. Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi umphakathi ubona ukushesha kwemithelela ye-anthropogenic yasolwandle futhi ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokungcoliswa kolwandle, ukudoba ngokweqile, kanye ne-acidification yolwandle. Ukuqwashisa umphakathi, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezinto eziza kuqala kungenza ososayensi nabaxhasi baqonde ukuthi umphakathi uhlobana kanjani nezindawo zasolwandle, imithelela yefreyimu, kanye nokuqondisa izinto ezibalulekile zokuphatha nenqubomgomo kanye nesidingo somphakathi.

I-Ocean Project (2011). I-America kanye Nolwandle: Isibuyekezo Sonyaka 2011. Iphrojekthi ye-Ocean. https://theoceanproject.org/research/

Ukuba nokuxhumana komuntu siqu ezindabeni zolwandle kubalulekile ekuzuzeni ukusebenzelana kwesikhathi eside nokongiwa kwemvelo. Izinkambiso zomphakathi ngokuvamile zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izenzo abantu abazithandayo lapho benquma ngezixazululo zezinkinga zemvelo. Iningi labantu abavakashela ulwandle, ama-zoo, kanye nezindawo ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini sebevele bavuna ukongiwa kolwandle. Ukuze amaphrojekthi okulondoloza imvelo aphumelele izenzo zesikhathi eside, eziqondile, zendawo, nezomuntu siqu kufanele kugcizelelwe futhi kukhuthazwe. Le nhlolovo iyisibuyekezo se-America, i-Ocean, kanye Nokuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu: I-New Research Insights for Conservation, Awareness, and Action (2009) kanye ne-Communicating About Oceans: Imiphumela Yenhlolovo Kazwelonke (1999).

I-National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. (2006, Disemba). Conference on Ocean Literacy Report. Juni 7-8, 2006, Washington, DC

Lo mbiko uwumphumela womhlangano ka-2006 weNgqungquthela Kazwelonke Yokufunda nokuBhala yase-Ocean eyayise-Washington, DC Ukugxila kwengqungquthela kwakuwukugqamisa imizamo yomphakathi wezemfundo zasolwandle yokuletha ukufunda olwandle emakilasini e-United States. Isithangami sathola ukuthi ukuze kuzuzwe isizwe sezakhamuzi ezikwazi ukufunda nolwandle, uguquko oluhlelekile ezinhlelweni zethu zezemfundo ezihlelekile nezingakahleleki luyadingeka.

2.2 Amasu Okuxhumana

Toomey, A. (2023, February). Kungani Amaqiniso Engaguquli Izingqondo: I-Insight evela ku-Cognitive Science for the Improved Communication of Conservation Research. Ukongiwa Kwemvelo, Umq. 278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /367764901_Why_facts_don%27t_change _minds_Insights_from_cognitive_science_for_ the_improved_communication_of_ conservation_research

U-Toomey uhlola futhi azame ukuqeda izinganekwane mayelana nendlela yokuxhumana engcono kakhulu ngesayensi ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo, okuhlanganisa nezinganekwane ezithi: amaqiniso ashintsha ingqondo, ukufunda nokubhala kwesayensi kuzoholela ekuthathweni kocwaningo okuthuthukisiwe, ukuguqulwa kwesimo sengqondo somuntu ngamunye kuzoshintsha ukuziphatha okuhlangene, futhi ukusabalalisa okubanzi kungcono kakhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwesayensi kuvela: ukubandakanya ingqondo yenhlalo ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo ezifanele, ukuqonda amandla ezindinganiso, imizwa, kanye nesipiliyoni sokunyakazisa ingqondo, ukushintsha ukuziphatha okuhlangene, kanye nokucabanga ngendlela ehlelekile. Lolu shintsho ekubonweni kwalo kwakhela phezu kwezinye izimangalo futhi lumelela isenzo esiqondile ukuze kubonwe izinguquko zesikhathi eside nezisebenzayo ekuziphatheni.

Hudson, CG, Knight, E., Close, SL, Landrum, JP, Bednarek, A., & Shouse, B. (2023). Ukuxoxa izindaba ukuze uqonde umthelela wocwaningo: Ukulandisa okuvela kuhlelo lwe-Lenfest Ocean. ICES Ijenali yeSayensi Yasolwandle, Vol. 80, No. 2, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /364162068_Telling_stories _to_understand_research_impact_narratives _from_the_Lenfest_Ocean_Program?_sg=sT_Ye5Yb3P-pL9a9fUZD5ODBv-dQfpLaqLr9J-Bieg0mYIBcohU-hhB2YHTlUOVbZ7HZxmFX2tbvuQQ

I-Lenfest Ocean Programme ibambe ucwaningo lokuhlola ukunikezwa kwabo imali ukuze baqonde ukuthi amaphrojekthi abo ayasebenza yini ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemibuthano yezemfundo. Ukuhlaziya kwabo kunikeza umbono othokozisayo ngokubheka ukuxoxwa kwezindaba ukukala ukusebenza kocwaningo. Bathole ukuthi kunosizo olukhulu ekusebenziseni ukuxoxa indaba ukuze bazindle futhi bahlole umthelela wamaphrojekthi abo axhaswe ngemali. Okubalulekile okuthathwayo ukuthi ukusekela ucwaningo olubhekana nezidingo zabathintekayo basolwandle nabasogwini kudinga ukucabanga ngomthelela wocwaningo ngendlela ehlanganisa konke kunokubala kuphela izincwadi ezibuyekezwe ontanga.

Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S… Pecl, GT (2022, February). Ukuxhuma olwandle: ukusekela ukufunda nokubhala kolwandle kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2022;32(1):123-143. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349213591_Connecting_to_the_oceans _supporting _ocean_literacy_and_public_engagement

Ukuqonda okuthuthukisiwe komphakathi kolwandle nokubaluleka kokusetshenziswa kolwandle okusimeme, noma ukwazi ukufunda nolwandle, kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzibophezela komhlaba wonke ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme ngo-2030 nangale kwalokho. Ababhali bagxile kubashayeli abane abangaba nomthelela futhi bathuthukise ukufunda nokubhala kolwandle kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi nolwandle: (1) imfundo, (2) ukuxhumana kwamasiko, (3) intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye (4) nokushintshisana ngolwazi kanye nokuxhumana kwenqubomgomo yesayensi. Bahlola ukuthi umshayeli ngamunye ubamba iqhaza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni imibono yolwandle ukuze alethe ukwesekwa komphakathi okusabalele. Ababhali bakha ikhithi yamathuluzi okufunda olwandle, insiza esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nolwandle phakathi kwezimo ezibanzi zomhlaba wonke.

Knowlton, N. (2021). I-Ocean optimism: Ukudlulela ngale kwemingcwabo kwezokongiwa kolwandle. Ukubuyekezwa Konyaka Kwesayensi Yasolwandle, Umq. 13, 479– 499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 341967041_Ocean_Optimism_Moving_Beyond _the_Obituaries_in_Marine_Conservation

Nakuba ulwandle lulahlekelwe kakhulu, kunobufakazi obandayo bokuthi kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekongiweni olwandle. Eziningi zalezi zimpumelelo zinezinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa nenhlalakahle yomuntu ethuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda kangcono indlela yokusebenzisa amasu okonga ngendlela ephumelelayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nesizindalwazi, ukuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwesayensi yemvelo nezenhlalakahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kolwazi lwendabuko kuthembisa inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo. Asikho isixazululo esisodwa; imizamo ephumelelayo ngokuvamile ayisheshi futhi ayishibhile futhi idinga ukwethembana nokusebenzisana. Noma kunjalo, ukugxila kakhulu ezisombululweni nasezimpumelelweni kuzobasiza ukuthi babe yinjwayelo kunokuba kube okuhlukile.

Fielding, S., Copley, JT and Mills, RA (2019). Ukuhlola Izilwandle Zethu: Ukusebenzisa Ikilasi Lomhlaba Wonke Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe I-Ocean Literacy. Imingcele kuSayensi Yasolwandle 6:340. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00340 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 334018450_Exploring_Our_Oceans_Using _the_Global_Classroom_to_Develop_ Ocean_Literacy

Ukuthuthukisa ukwazi ukufunda nolwandle kwabantu babo bonke ubudala abavela kuwo wonke amazwe, amasiko, kanye nezizinda zomnotho kubalulekile ukuze wazise izinqumo zokuphila okusimeme esikhathini esizayo, kodwa indlela yokufinyelela nokumelela amazwi ahlukahlukene kuyinselele. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga ababhali badale iMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) ukuze banikeze ithuluzi elingaba khona lokufeza lo mgomo, njengoba bengakwazi ukufinyelela inani elikhulu labantu okuhlanganisa nalabo abavela ezifundeni zabahola kancane nabahola kancane.

Simmons, B., Archie, M., Clark, S., and Braus, J. (2017). Imihlahlandlela Yokusebenza Kahle: Ukuzibandakanya Komphakathi. I-North American Association for Environmental Education. PDF. https://eepro.naaee.org/sites/default/files/ eepro-post-files/ community_engagement_guidelines_pdf.pdf

I-NAAEE eshicilele imihlahlandlela yomphakathi kanye nezinsiza ezisekelayo zinikeza imininingwane yokuthi abaholi bomphakathi bangakhula kanjani njengabafundisi futhi bathuthukise ukuhlukahluka. Umhlahlandlela wokuxhumana nomphakathi uphawula ukuthi izici ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokusebenzelana okuhle kakhulu ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo yilezi: zigxile emphakathini, zisekelwe ezimisweni eziphusile zeMfundo Yezemvelo, ukubambisana nokubandakanya wonke umuntu, eziqondiswe ekwakhiweni kwamakhono nezenzo zomphakathi, futhi ziwutshalomali lwesikhathi eside ushintsho. Umbiko uphetha ngezinye izinsiza ezengeziwe ezingaba yinzuzo kubantu abangebona othisha ababheke ukwenza okwengeziwe ukuze bahlanganyele nemiphakathi yangakubo.

Steel, BS, Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., Warner-Steel, R. (2005). I-Public Ocean Literacy e-United States. I-Ocean Coast. Phatha. 2005, Umq. 48, 97–114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223767179_Public_ocean_literacy_in _the_United_States

Lolu cwaningo luphenya amazinga amanje olwazi lomphakathi mayelana nolwandle futhi luhlola ukuhlobana kokubanjwa kolwazi. Nakuba izakhamuzi zasogwini zithi zinolwazi oluthe xaxa kunalezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezingasogwini, bobabili abaphendula ogwini nabangewona ogwini banenkinga yokuhlonza amagama abalulekile nokuphendula imibuzo yemibuzo yolwandle. Izinga eliphansi lolwazi mayelana nezindaba zasolwandle lisho ukuthi umphakathi udinga ukufinyelela olwazini olungcono olulethwa ngempumelelo. Mayelana nendlela yokuletha ulwazi, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ithelevishini nomsakazo kunethonya elibi ekubambeni kolwazi futhi i-intanethi inethonya elihle jikelele ekubambeni kolwazi.

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3. Ukushintsha Ukuziphatha

3.1 Isifingqo

Thomas-Walters, L., McCallum, J., Montgomery, R., Petros, C., Wan, AKY, Veríssimo, D. (2022, September) Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokungenelela kokulondoloza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ushintsho lokuziphatha ngokuzithandela. I-Conservation Biology. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363384308_Systematic_review _of_conservation_interventions_to_ promote_voluntary_behavior_change

Ukuqonda ukuziphatha komuntu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukungenelela okuholela ngempumelelo ekuguqukeni kokuziphatha kwemvelo. Ababhali benze ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile ukuze bahlole ukuthi ukungenelela okungeyona imali nokungalawuleki kube yimpumelelo kangakanani ekuguquleni ukuziphatha kwemvelo, ngamarekhodi angaphezu kuka-300,000 agxile ezifundweni zomuntu ngamunye ze-128. Ucwaningo oluningi lubike umphumela omuhle futhi abacwaningi bathola ubufakazi obuqinile bokuthi imfundo, ukwaziswa, kanye nokungenelela kwempendulo kungabangela ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha okuhle, nakuba ukungenelela okuphumelela kakhulu kusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokungenelela ngaphakathi kohlelo olulodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le datha yobufakazi ikhombisa isidingo sezifundo ezengeziwe ezinedatha yobuningi edingekayo ukuze kusekelwe insimu ekhulayo yoshintsho lokuziphatha kwemvelo.

Huckins, G. (2022, Agasti, 18). IPsychology of Inspiration kanye Nesenzo Sesimo Sezulu. Inezintambo. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/ the-psychology-of-inspiring-everyday-climate-action.html

Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono obanzi wokuthi ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye nemikhuba kungasiza kanjani isimo sezulu futhi ichaza ukuthi ukuqonda ukuguquka kokuziphatha kungakhuthaza kanjani isenzo ekugcineni. Lokhu kugqamisa inkinga enkulu lapho iningi labantu liqaphela usongo lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu, kodwa bambalwa abazi ukuthi yini abangayenza njengabantu ngabanye ukuze balwehlise.

Tavri, P. (2021). Igebe lesenzo senani: isithiyo esikhulu ekuqhubekiseni uguquko lokuziphatha. Izincwadi Zesikole, Isigaba 501. DOI:10.20935/AL501 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350316201_Value_action_gap_a_ major_barrier_in_sustaining_behaviour_change

Izincwadi zokushintsha ukuziphatha okusekela imvelo (okusenomkhawulo ngokuqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha yezemvelo) ziphakamisa ukuthi kunomgoqo obizwa ngokuthi “igebe lesenzo senani”. Ngamanye amazwi, kunegebe ekusetshenzisweni kwemibono, njengoba imibono ivame ukuthatha ukuthi abantu bayizidalwa ezinengqondo ezisebenzisa ngokuhlelekile ulwazi olunikeziwe. Umbhali uphetha ngokuphakamisa ukuthi igebe lesenzo senani lingesinye sezithiyo ezinkulu ekuqhubekiseni uguquko lokuziphatha nokuthi kubalulekile ukucabangela izindlela zokugwema imibono eyiphutha kanye nokungazi okuningi kwasekuqaleni lapho kwakhiwa amathuluzi okuxhumana, ukuxoxisana, kanye nokulondoloza ukuze kuguqulwe indlela yokuziphatha.

Balmford, A., Bradbury, RB, Bauer, JM, Broad, S. . . Nielsen, KS (2021). Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo kakhulu isayensi yokuziphatha kwabantu ekungeneleleni kokulondoloza. Ukongiwa Kwemvelo, 261, 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 353175141_Making_more_effective _use_of_human_behavioural_science_in _conservation_interventions

Ukongiwa kwemvelo ikakhulukazi kuwumsebenzi wokuzama ukuguqula ukuziphatha komuntu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi isayensi yokuziphatha ayiyona inhlamvu yesiliva yokongiwa kwemvelo futhi ezinye izinguquko zingaba nesizotha, zesikhashana, futhi zincike kumongo, nokho ushintsho lungenzeka, nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe ludingeka. Lolu lwazi luwusizo ikakhulukazi kulabo abakha izinhlelo ezintsha ezicabangela ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha njengoba izinhlaka ngisho nemifanekiso ekulo mbhalo inikeza umhlahlandlela oqondile wezigaba eziyisithupha ezihlongozwayo zokukhetha, ukuqalisa, nokuhlola ukungenelela koshintsho lokuziphatha ukuze kulondolozwe imvelo ehlukahlukene.

Gravert, C. kanye no-Nobel, N. (2019). Isayensi Yokuziphatha Esetshenziswayo: Umhlahlandlela Oyisingeniso. Ngokungenangqondo. PDF.

Lesi singeniso sesayensi yokuziphatha sinikeza isizinda esijwayelekile emkhakheni, ulwazi ngobuchopho bomuntu, ukuthi ulwazi lucutshungulwa kanjani, kanye nokuchema okuvamile kwengqondo. Ababhali bethula imodeli yokuthatha izinqumo komuntu ukudala ushintsho lokuziphatha. Umhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngolwazi ukuze abafundi bahlaziye ukuthi kungani abantu bengenzi okulungile ngendawo ezungezile nokuthi ukwenzelela kubathiya kanjani ukuguquka kokuziphatha. Amaphrojekthi kufanele abe lula futhi aqonde ngemigomo nezinsiza zokuzibophezela - zonke izici ezibalulekile labo abasemhlabeni wokongiwa kwemvelo okudingeka bazicabangele lapho bezama ukwenza abantu bazibandakanye nezindaba zemvelo.

Wynes, S. noNicholas, K. (2017, July). Igebe lokunciphisa isimo sezulu: imfundo nezincomo zikahulumeni zigeja izenzo zomuntu ngamunye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Izincwadi Zokucwaninga Ngezemvelo, Umq. 12, No. 7 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 318353145_The_climate_mitigation _gap_Education_and_government_ recommendations_miss_the_most_effective _individual_actions

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela ukulimala kwemvelo. Ababhali babheka ukuthi abantu bangasithatha kanjani isinyathelo ukulungisa le nkinga. Ababhali batusa ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinomthelela omkhulu nezikhishwa kancane, ikakhulukazi: ukuba nengane eyodwa embalwa, phila ngaphandle kwemoto, gwema ukuhamba ngendiza, futhi udle ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Nakuba lezi ziphakamiso zingase zibonakale zidlulele kwabanye, bezilokhu ziwumgogodla wezingxoxo zamanje zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye. Lesi sihloko siwusizo kulabo abafuna ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngemfundo nezenzo zomuntu ngamunye.

Schultz, PW, kanye noFG Kaiser. (2012). Ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhambisana nemvelo. Cindezela kokuthi S. Clayton, mhleli. I-Handbook of Environmental and Conservation psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 365789168_The_Oxford_Handbook _of_Environmental_and _Conservation_Psychology

I-Conservation psychology iwumkhakha okhulayo ogxile emiphumeleni yemibono yabantu, izimo zengqondo, nokuziphatha enhlalakahleni yemvelo. Le ncwajana ihlinzeka ngencazelo ecacile kanye nencazelo yesayensi yezengqondo yokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nohlaka lokusebenzisa amathiyori esayensi yezokongiwa kwengqondo ekuhlaziyeni okuhlukahlukene kwezemfundo kanye namaphrojekthi enkundla asebenzayo. Lo mbhalo usebenza kakhulu kuzifundiswa nochwepheshe abafuna ukwakha izinhlelo zezemvelo ezihlanganisa ababambe iqhaza kanye nemiphakathi yendawo esikhathini eside.

Schultz, W. (2011). Ukongiwa Kwemvelo Kusho Ukushintsha Indlela Yokuziphatha. I-Conservation Biology, uMqulu 25, No. 6, 1080–1083. I-Society for Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01766.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 51787256_Conservation_Means_Behavior

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile kukhona izinga eliphezulu lokukhathazeka komphakathi mayelana nezindaba zemvelo, nokho, akuzange kube khona izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezenzweni zomuntu siqu noma amaphethini okuziphatha asabalele. Umbhali ugomela ngokuthi ukongiwa kwemvelo kuwumgomo ongafinyelelwa kuphela ngokudlulela ngale kwemfundo nokuqwashisa ukuze empeleni uguqule indlela yokuziphatha futhi uphethe ngokuthi “imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo eholwa ososayensi bemvelo izosetshenziswa kahle ukubandakanya ososayensi bezenhlalo nezokuziphatha” abangena ngale kokulula. imikhankaso yezemfundo nokuqwashisa.

U-Dietz, T., G. Gardner, J. Gilligan, P. Stern, kanye no-M. Vandenbergh. (2009). Izenzo zasekhaya zinganikeza indlela yokuziphatha ukuze kuncishiswe ngokushesha ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yase-US. Izinqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences 106:18452-18456. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 38037816_Household_Actions_Can _Provide_a_Behavioral_Wedge_to_Rapidly _Reduce_US_Carbon_Emissions

Ngokomlando, bekulokhu kugcizelelwa ezenzweni zabantu ngabanye nemizi ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, futhi lesi sihloko sibheka ubuqiniso balezo zimangalo. Abacwaningi basebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha ukuze bahlole ukungenelela kwe-17 abantu abangayithatha ukuze banciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yabo. Ukungenelela kufaka phakathi kodwa akukhawulelwe kulokhu: ukushintsha isimo sezulu, amashawa ageleza kancane, izimoto ezonga uphethiloli, ukunakekelwa kwezimoto okujwayelekile, ukomiswa kolayini, kanye nokugibela izimoto/ukushintsha uhambo. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukuqaliswa kuzwelonke kwalokhu kungenelela kungasindisa i-carbon metric tons elinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-123 ngonyaka noma u-7.4% wezinto ezikhishwa yizwe lase-US, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuncane noma okungekho empilweni yasekhaya.

Clayton, S., and G. Myers (2015). I-Conservation psychology: ukuqonda nokukhuthaza ukunakekelwa komuntu ngemvelo, uhlelo lwesibili. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey. I-ISBN: 978-1-118-87460-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 330981002_Conservation_psychology _Understanding_and_promoting_human_care _for_nature

U-Clayton no-Myers babuka abantu njengengxenye ye-ecosystem yemvelo futhi bahlola indlela isayense yengqondo ethonya ngayo ulwazi lomuntu emvelweni, kanye nezilungiselelo ezilawulwayo nezasemadolobheni. Le ncwadi ngokwayo ingena emininingwaneni yemibono yesayensi yokugcinwa kwemvelo, inikeza izibonelo, futhi iphakamisa izindlela zokukhulisa ukunakekelwa kwemvelo yimiphakathi. Inhloso yale ncwadi ukuqonda ukuthi abantu bacabanga kanjani, bazibonele, futhi basebenzelana kanjani nemvelo okubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nokuphila kahle kwabantu.

Darnton, A. (2008, July). Umbiko Wereferensi: Uhlolojikelele lwamamodeli okushintsha ukuziphatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ukubuyekezwa Kolwazi Lokuziphatha kwe-GSR. Ucwaningo Lwezenhlalakahle lukahulumeni. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 254787539_Reference_Report_ An_overview_of_behaviour_change_models _and_their_uses

Lo mbiko ubheka umehluko phakathi kwamamodeli okuziphatha kanye nemibono yoshintsho. Lo mbhalo unikeza isifinyezo sokucatshangwa kwezomnotho, imikhuba, nezinye izici ezihlukahlukene ezithonya ukuziphatha, futhi uchaza ukusetshenziswa kwezibonelo zokuziphatha, izinkomba zokuqonda ushintsho, futhi uphethe ngomhlahlandlela wokusebenzisa amamodeli okuziphatha anemibono yoshintsho. Inkomba ka-Darnton Yamamodeli Afakiwe Nezinkolelo-mbono yenza lo mbhalo ufinyeleleke ikakhulukazi kulabo abasha ekuqondeni ushintsho lokuziphatha.

Thrash, T., Moldovan, E., kanye no-Oleynick, V. (2014) I-Psychology of Inspiration. I-Social and Personality Psychology Compass Vol. 8, No. 9. DOI:10.1111/spc3.12127. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Social-and-Personality-Psychology-Compass-1751-9004

Abacwaningi babuze ekuqondeni ugqozi njengesici esiyinhloko sesenzo esishukumisayo. Ababhali baqale bachaze ugqozi ngokusekelwe ekubuyekezweni kwezincwadi ezididiyelwe futhi baveze izindlela ezahlukene. Okwesibili, babuyekeza izincwadi zokwakha ubuqiniso bese kuthiyori kanye nokutholakele, begcizelela indima yogqozi ekukhuthazeni ukutholwa kwezimpahla ezitholakala kalula. Okokugcina, baphendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nemibono eyiphutha mayelana nogqozi futhi banikeze izincomo mayelana nendlela yokukhuthaza ugqozi kwabanye noma ngokwakho.

Uzzell, DL 2000. Ingxenye ye-psycho-spatial yezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele zemvelo. Ijenali ye-Environmental Psychology. 20: 307-318. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223072457_The_psycho-spatial_dimension_of_global_ environmental_problems

Izifundo zenziwa e-Australia, eNgilandi, e-Ireland naseSlovakia. Imiphumela yocwaningo ngalunye ikhombisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi abaphendulayo abakwazi nje ukucabanga ngezinkinga ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, kodwa umphumela webanga eliphambene utholakala ngendlela yokuthi izinkinga zemvelo zibonwa njengezibucayi kakhulu njengoba ziqhelelene nomuntu ozibonayo. Kuphinde kwatholakala ubudlelwano obuphambene phakathi komuzwa wokuzibophezela ezinkingeni zemvelo kanye nesilinganiso sendawo okuholela ekuzizweni ungenamandla ezingeni lomhlaba. Leli phepha liphetha ngengxoxo yemibono nemibono eyahlukene yezengqondo eyazisa ukuhlaziya kombhali ngezinkinga zemvelo zomhlaba.

Isicelo se3.2

Cusa, M., Falcão, L., De Jesus, J. et al. (2021). Izinhlanzi eziphuma emanzini: ukungajwayeli kwabathengi ngokubukeka kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo. Phakamisa i-Sci Vol. 16, 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00932-z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350064459_Fish_out_of_water_ consumers’_unfamiliarity_with_the_ appearance_of_commercial_fish_species

Amalebula ezilwane zasolwandle adlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni abathengi kukho kokubili ukuthenga imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela eziqhubekayo zokudoba. Ababhali bafunde abantu abangama-720 emazweni ayisithupha ase-Europe futhi bathola ukuthi abathengi base-Europe abaqondi kahle ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi abazidlayo, kanti abathengi baseBrithani abampofu kakhulu nabaseSpain benza kahle kakhulu. Bathola ukubaluleka kwamasiko uma izinhlanzi ziba nomthelela, okungukuthi, uma uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi lubalulekile ngokwesiko luzobonakala ngenani eliphakeme kunezinye izinhlanzi ezivamile. Ababhali baphikisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwemakethe yezilwane zasolwandle kuzohlala kuvuleleke ezenzweni ezingalungile kuze kube yilapho abathengi benza ukuxhumana okwengeziwe ekudleni kwabo.

Sánchez-Jiménez, A., MacMillan, D., Wolff, M., Schlüter, A., Fujitani, M., (2021). Ukubaluleka Kwamagugu Ekubikezeleni nasekukhuthazeni Ukuziphatha Kwendawo Ezungezile: Ukubonakaliswa Okuvela Embonini Yezokudoba Ezincane Yase-Costa Rica, Imingcele kuSayensi Yasolwandle, 10.3389/fmars.2021.543075, 8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349589441_The_Importance_of_ Values_in_Predicting_and_Encouraging _Environmental_Behavior_Reflections _From_a_Costa_Rican_Small-Scale_Fishery

Ngokwengqikithi yabadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa, imikhuba yokudoba engalawuleki ibeka engcupheni ubuqotho bemiphakathi yasogwini kanye nesimiso semvelo. Ucwaningo lubheke ukungenelela ekuguquleni ukuziphatha nabadobi be-gillnet e-Gulf of Nicoya, e-Costa Rica, ukuze kuqhathaniswe okwandulela ukuziphatha okusekela imvelo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abathole ukungenelela okusekelwe ku-ecosystem. Izinkambiso zomuntu siqu futhi namagugu zazibalulekile ekuchazeni ukwesekwa kwezinyathelo zokuphatha, kanye nezinye izici zokudoba (isb., indawo yokudoba). Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukubaluleka kokungenelela kwezemfundo okufundisa ngemithelela yokudoba ku-ecosystem ngenkathi kusiza ababambiqhaza ukuthi babone ukuthi bayakwazi ukwenza izenzo.

McDonald, G., Wilson, M., Verissimo, D., Twohey, R., Clemence, M., Apistar, D., Box, S., Butler, P., et al. (2020). Ukusungula Ukuphathwa Kwezindawo Zokudoba Okusimeme Ngezinyathelo Zokushintsha Ukuziphatha. I-Conservation Biology, Umq. 34, No. 5 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339009378_Catalyzing_ sustainable_fisheries_management_though _behavior_change_interventions

Ababhali bafuna ukuqonda ukuthi ukumaketha komphakathi kungakhuphula kanjani imibono yezinzuzo zokuphatha kanye nezinkambiso ezintsha zomphakathi. Abacwaningi benze izinhlolovo ezibonwa ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze balinganise izimo zemvelo nangokwenza izinhlolovo zasendlini kuzo zonke iziza ezingama-41 eBrazil, Indonesia nasePhilippines. Bathole ukuthi imiphakathi yakha imikhuba emisha yezenhlalo kanye nokudoba ngendlela eqhubekayo ngaphambi kokuba izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zemvelo nenhlalo-mnotho zokuphathwa kwezokudoba zenzeke. Ngakho-ke, abaphathi bezindawo zokudoba kufanele benze okwengeziwe ukuze bacabangele ulwazi lwesikhathi eside lwemiphakathi futhi bavumelanise amaphrojekthi ezindaweni ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo kwemiphakathi.

I-Valauri-Orton, A. (2018). Ukushintsha Ukuziphatha Kwe-Boarter Ukuze Kuvikelwe Utshani Basolwandle: I-Toolkit Yokuklama Nokusebenzisa Umkhankaso Wokushintsha Ukuziphatha Wokuvimbela Ukulimala Kotshani Basolwandle. I-Ocean Foundation. PDF. https://oceanfdn.org/calculator/kits-for-boaters/

Naphezu kwemizamo yokunciphisa ukulimala kotshani basolwandle, ukonakala kotshani basolwandle ngenxa yomsebenzi wabagibeli bezikebhe kusewusongo olukhulu. Umbiko uhloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zemikhankaso yokufinyelela ekuguquleni ukuziphatha ngokuhlinzeka ngohlelo lwesinyathelo nesinyathelo sokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi olugcizelela isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngomongo wendawo, kusetshenziswa imiyalezo ecacile, elula, nesebenzayo, kanye nokusebenzisa imibono yokuguqulwa kokuziphatha. Lo mbiko usuka emsebenzini wangaphambilini oqondene nokufinyelela kwabahamba ngezikebhe kanye nokunyakaza okubanzi kwezokongiwa kwemvelo nokuguqula ukuziphatha. Ikhithi yamathuluzi ihlanganisa inqubo yokuklama eyisibonelo futhi ihlinzeka ngomklamo othize kanye nezici zenhlolovo ezingasetshenziswa kabusha futhi zenziwe kabusha ngabaphathi bezinsiza ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zabo. Lesi sisetshenziswa sidalwe ngo-2016 futhi sabuyekezwa ngo-2018.

Costanzo, M., D. Archer, E. Aronson, kanye no-T. Pettigrew. 1986. Ukuziphatha ngokongiwa kwamandla: indlela enzima ukusuka olwazini ukuya esenzweni. Isazi Sezengqondo SaseMelika 41:521-528.

Ngemva kokubona inkambiso yabantu abathile kuphela abasebenzisa izindlela zokonga amandla, ababhali bakhe imodeli yokuhlola izici ezingokwengqondo ezibhekisela endleleni izinqumo zomuntu ezicubungula ngayo ulwazi. Bathole ukuthi ukwethembeka komthombo wolwazi, ukuqonda umlayezo, kanye nokuba sobala kwempikiswano yokonga amandla kwakungase kubonakale izinguquko ezisebenzayo lapho umuntu ethatha isinyathelo esibalulekile sokufaka noma ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okonga. Nakuba lokhu kugxile kumandla-kunokuba kunolwandle noma imvelo, bekungenye yezifundo zokuqala mayelana nokuziphatha okonga imvelo ezibonisa indlela insimu ethuthuke ngayo namuhla.

3.3 Uzwela Olusekelwe Emvelweni

Yasué, M., Kockel, A., Dearden, P. (2022). Imithelela yezengqondo yezindawo ezivikelwe ezisekelwe emphakathini, Ukulondolozwa kwe-Aquatic: I-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 10.1002/aqc.3801, Vol. 32, No. 6, 1057-1072 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 359316538_The_psychological_impacts_ of_community-based_protected_areas

Ababhali u-Yasué, u-Kockel, kanye no-Dearden babheke imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuziphatha kwalabo abaseduze nama-MPA. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abaphendula emiphakathini enama-MPA aphakathi nabadala bakhombe uhla olubanzi lwemiphumela emihle ye-MPA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphenduli abavela kuma-MPA aphakathi nabadala babenezisusa ezimbalwa ezingezona ezizimele zokuzibandakanya ekuphathweni kwe-MPA futhi babe namagugu aphezulu okuzidlula, njengokunakekela imvelo. Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ama-MPA asekelwe emphakathini angase akhuthaze ukushintsha kwengqondo emiphakathini okufana nokugqugquzelwa okukhulu kokuzimela kokunakekela imvelo kanye nezindinganiso ezithuthukisiwe zokuzibusa, zombili ezingase zisekele ukongiwa kwemvelo.

Lehnen, L., Arbieu, U., Böhning-Gaese, K., Díaz, S., Glikman, J., Mueller, T., (2022). Ukucabanga kabusha ubudlelwano bomuntu ngamunye nezinhlangano zemvelo, Abantu Nemvelo, 10.1002/pan3.10296, Vol. 4, No. 3, 596-611. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357831992_Rethinking_individual _relationships_with_entities_of_nature

Ukubona ukuhlukahluka ebudlelwaneni babantu nemvelo kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukene, amabhizinisi emvelo, kanye nabantu ngabanye kubalulekile ekuphathweni ngokulinganayo kwemvelo kanye negalelo layo kubantu nasekuklameni amasu asebenzayo okukhuthaza nokuqondisa ukuziphatha komuntu okuzinzile. Abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi uma kucatshangelwa imibono ethize yomuntu ngamunye kanye neyenhlangano, khona-ke umsebenzi wokongiwa kwemvelo ungalingana, ikakhulukazi ezindleleni zokuphatha izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza abantu abakuthola emvelweni, futhi usize ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu asebenza kangcono kakhulu okuvumelanisa ukuziphatha komuntu nokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokulimazayo. imigomo yokusimama.

Fox N, Marshall J, Dankel DJ. (2021, Meyi). I-Ocean Literacy and Surfing: Ukuqonda Ukuthi Ukusebenzisana Kwezinto Eziphilayo Zasogwini Kukwazisa Kanjani Ukuqwashisa Kwabasebenzisi Base-Blue Space ngoLwandle. Int J Environ Res Ezempilo Zomphakathi. Vol. 18 No.11, 5819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115819. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 351962054_Ocean_Literacy _and_Surfing_Understanding_How_Interactions _in_Coastal_Ecosystems _Inform_Blue_Space_ User%27s_Awareness_of_the_Ocean

Lolu cwaningo lwabahlanganyeli abangu-249 luqoqe kokubili idatha yekhwalithi nenani eligxile kubasebenzisi bezilwandle zokungcebeleka, ikakhulukazi abatshuzi, kanye nokuthi imisebenzi yabo yasemkhathini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingakwazisa kanjani ukuqonda kwezinqubo zolwandle kanye nokuxhumana kolwandle lwabantu. I-Ocean Literacy Principles yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqwashisa ngolwandle ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwama-surf ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda okwengeziwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwama-surfer, kusetshenziswa uhlaka lwezinhlelo zezenhlalo nemvelo ukuze kufanekisele imiphumela yokuntweza emanzini. Imiphumela yathola ukuthi abatshuzi bathola izinzuzo zokufunda olwandle ngempela, ikakhulukazi ezintathu kweziyisikhombisa ze-Ocean Literacy Principles, nokuthi ukufunda olwandle kuyinzuzo eqondile etholwa abatshuzi abaningi eqenjini eliyisampula.

Blythe, J., Baird, J., Bennett, N., Dale, G., Nash, K., Pickering, G., Wabnitz, C. (2021, March 3). Ukukhuthaza Uzwela Lwasolwandle Ngezimo Ezizayo. Abantu Nemvelo. 3:1284–1296. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10253. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 354368024_Fostering_ocean_empathy _through_future_scenarios

Ukuzwelana nemvelo kuthathwa njengemfuneko yokusebenzelana okusimeme ne-biosphere. Ngemva kokunikeza isifinyezo sethiyori yokuzwelana kolwandle kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yezenzo noma ukungasebenzi ngokuphathelene nekusasa lolwandle, okubizwa ngezimo, ababhali banqume ukuthi isimo esingenathemba sibangele amazinga ozwela amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esinethemba. Lolu cwaningo luyaphawuleka ngoba lugqamisa ukwehla kwamazinga okuzwela (ukubuyela emazingeni angaphambi kokuhlolwa) ezinyangeni ezintathu kuphela ngemuva kokunikezelwa kwezifundo zokuzwela olwandle. Ngakho, ukuze siphumelele esikhathini eside kudingeka ngaphezu kwezifundo ezifundisayo ezilula.

Sunassee, A.; Bokhoree, C.; U-Patrizio, A. (2021). Ukuzwela Kwabafundi Imvelo Nge-Eco-Art Place-based Education. I-Ecologies 2021, 2, 214–247. I-DOI:10.3390/ecologies2030014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 352811810_A_Designed_Eco-Art_and_Place-Based_Curriculum_Encouraging_Students%27 _Empathy_for_the_Environment

Lolu cwaningo lubheke ukuthi abafundi bahlobana kanjani nemvelo, yini ethinta izinkolelo zomfundi nokuthi ukuziphatha kuthonywa kanjani, nokuthi izenzo zabafundi zithinteka kanjani zinganikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe kokuthi banganikela kanjani ngokuzuzisayo ezinjongweni zomhlaba. Umgomo walolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlaziya amaphepha ocwaningo lwezemfundo ashicilelwe endaweni yemfundo yobuciko bezemvelo ukuze kutholwe isici esinomphumela omkhulu kakhulu futhi kukhanye ukuthi angasiza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni izinyathelo ezisetshenzisiwe. Okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi ucwaningo olunjalo lungasiza ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yobuciko bezemvelo ngokusekelwe esenzweni futhi kubhekwe izinselele zocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo.

U-Michael J. Manfredo, u-Tara L. Teel, u-Richard EW Berl, u-Jeremy T. Bruskotter, u-Shinobu Kitayama, ukuguquka kwenani lezenhlalakahle elivuna ukongiwa kwemvelo e-United States, Ukusimama Kwemvelo, 10.1038/s41893-020-00655-6, 4, 4, (323-330), (2020).

Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi ukwenyuswa kokugunyazwa kwezindinganiso zokusebenzelana (ukubona izilwane zasendle njengengxenye yomphakathi womuntu futhi ezifanelwe amalungelo afana nabantu) kwakuhambisana nokwehla kwamanani agcizelela ukubusa (ukuphatha izilwane zasendle njengezinsiza ezizosetshenziselwa ukusiza abantu), okuwumkhuba oqhubekayo. kubonakala ekuhlaziyweni kweqoqo lezizukulwane. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuhlobana okuqinile phakathi kwamanani ezinga lombuso kanye nokuthambekela kokuhlala emadolobheni, okuxhumanisa ukushintshela kuzici zenhlalo-mnotho ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imiphumela iphakamisa imiphumela emihle yokongiwa kwemvelo kodwa ikhono lenkambu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo lizobaluleka ekufezeni leyo miphumela.

U-Lotze, HK, Guest, H., O'Leary, J., Tuda, A., kanye no-Wallace, D. (2018). Imibono yomphakathi ngezinsongo zasolwandle nokuvikelwa emhlabeni jikelele. I-Ocean Coast. Phatha. 152, 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321274396_Public_perceptions_of_marine _threats_and_protection_from_around_the _world

Lolu cwaningo luqhathanisa izinhlolovo zemibono yomphakathi mayelana nezinsongo zasolwandle nokuvikelwa okubandakanya abaphenduli abangaphezu kuka-32,000 emazweni angama-21. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi u-70% wabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi indawo yasolwandle isengozini ngenxa yezenzo zabantu, nokho, bangu-15% kuphela abacabanga ukuthi impilo yolwandle impofu noma isengozini. Abaphendulile bebelokhu bebeka izindaba zokungcoliswa kwemvelo njengosongo olukhulu, okulandelwa ukudoba, ukushintshwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Mayelana nokuvikelwa kolwandle, ama-73% abaphendulile asekela ama-MPA esifundeni sabo, ngokuphambene kakhulu balinganisela ngokweqile indawo yolwandle evikelwe njengamanje. Lo mbhalo usebenza kakhulu kubaphathi basolwandle, abenzi benqubomgomo, abasebenza kwezokongiwa kwemvelo, kanye nothisha ukuze bathuthukise ukuphathwa kolwandle kanye nezinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo.

Martin, VY, Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). 'Ukwenza okufanele': Isayensi yezenhlalo ingasiza kanjani ekukhuthazeni ushintsho lokuziphatha okuhambisana nemvelo ezindaweni ezivikelekile zasolwandle. Inqubomgomo Yasolwandle, 81, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.001 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316034159_’Doing_the_right_thing’ _How_social_science_can_help_foster_pro-environmental_behaviour_change_in_marine _protected_areas

Abaphathi bama-MPA babike ukuthi babanjwe phakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile eziqhudelanayo ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle kwabasebenzisi ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela ku-ecosystem yasolwandle kuyilapho kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa. Ukubhekana nalokhu ababhali baphikisana namasu okushintsha ukuziphatha okunolwazi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuziphatha kwezinkinga kuma-MPA nokuba negalelo emizamweni yokonga. I-athikili inikezela ngemininingwane emisha yethiyori nesebenzayo yokuthi bangabasiza kanjani abaphathi be-MPA ukuthi baqondise futhi baguqule indlela yokuziphatha ethile egcina isekela amanani epaki yasolwandle.

A De Young, R. (2013). "Uhlolojikelele lwe-Environmental Psychology." Ku-Ann H. Huffman & Stephanie Klein [Eds.] Izinhlangano Eziluhlaza: Ukushayela Ushintsho nge-IO Psychology. Pp. 17-33. NY: I-Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 259286195_Environmental_Psychology_ Overview

Isayikholoji yezemvelo iwumkhakha wocwaningo ohlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwezindawo kanye nomthelela womuntu, ukuqonda, nokuziphatha. Lesi sahluko sencwadi sibheka kabanzi ngesayensi yezemvelo ehlanganisa ukusebenzisana kwabantu nemvelo kanye nomthelela wako ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha okuphusile ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo nezenhlalo ezizamayo. Nakuba kungagxiliwe ngokuqondile ezindabeni zasolwandle lokhu kusiza ukusetha inkundla yezifundo ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe kusayensi yezemvelo.

McKinley, E., Fletcher, S. (2010). Isibopho somuntu ngamunye ngezilwandle? Ukuhlolwa kokuba yisakhamuzi sasolwandle okwenziwa ngabasebenzi basolwandle base-UK. I-Ocean & Coastal Management, Umq. 53, No. 7,379-384. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 245123669_Individual_responsibility _for_the_oceans_An_evaluation_of_marine _citizenship_by_UK_marine_practitioners

Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ukubusa kwemvelo yasolwandle kuye kwavela ekubeni ikakhulukazi phezulu kuya phansi futhi kuqondiswe kuhulumeni ukuze kube nokubamba iqhaza okuthe xaxa nokusebenzela umphakathi. Leli phepha liphakamisa ukuthi ukwelulwa kwalokhu kuthambekela kuzoba yinkomba yomqondo womphakathi wokuba isakhamuzi sasolwandle ukuze kulethwe ukuphathwa okusimeme kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo yasolwandle ngokubandakanyeka okuthuthukisiwe komuntu ngamunye ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubomgomo. Phakathi kwabasebenzi basolwandle, amazinga aphezulu okuzibandakanya kwezakhamuzi ekuphathweni kwemvelo yasolwandle azozuzisa kakhulu imvelo yasolwandle, kube nezinzuzo ezengeziwe ezingenzeka ngokwandisa umuzwa wokuba isakhamuzi sasolwandle.

Zelezny, LC & Schultz, PW (eds.). 2000. Ukukhuthaza imvelo. Ijenali Yezinkinga Zomphakathi 56, 3, 365-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00172 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227686773_Psychology _of_Promoting_Environmentalism_ Promoting_Environmentalism

Lolu daba lwe-Journal of Social Issues lugxile kusayensi yezengqondo, isayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi yezindaba zomhlaba jikelele. Imigomo yalolu daba yilena (1) ukuchaza isimo samanje sendawo ezungezile kanye nemvelo, (2) ukwethula imibono emisha nokucwaninga ngezimo zengqondo nokuziphatha kwendawo ezungezile, kanye (3) nokuhlola izithiyo nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ekukhuthazeni ukusekela imvelo. isenzo.

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4. Imfundo

4.1 I-STEM kanye noLwandle

I-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2020). I-Ocean Literacy: Izimiso Ezibalulekile kanye Nemiqondo Eyisisekelo Yesayensi Yasolwandle Yabafundi Bayo Yonke Iminyaka. Washington, DC. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ literacy.html

Ukuqonda ulwandle kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuvikeleni le planethi esiphila kuyo sonke. Inhloso yoMkhankaso Wokufunda Nokufunda Olwandle bekuwukubhekana nokushoda kokuqukethwe okuhlobene nolwandle emazingeni emfundo yesayensi yesifunda neyezwe, izinto zokufundisa, nokuhlola.

4.2 Izinsiza Zothisha be-K-12

Payne, D., Halversen, C., and Schoedinger, SE (2021, July). Incwadi Yokukhuphula I-Ocean Literacy Kothisha kanye Nabakhulumeli Be-Ocean Literacy. I-National Marine Educators Association. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363157493_A_Handbook_for_ Increasing_Ocean_Literacy_Tools_for _Educators_and_Ocean_Literacy_Advocates

Le ncwajana iyinsiza yothisha ukuze bafundise, bafunde, futhi baxhumane nolwandle. Nakuba ekuqaleni yayihloselwe othisha basekilasini kanye nabafundisi abangakahleleki ukuthi basetshenziselwe izinto zokufundisa, izinhlelo, imibukiso, nokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi e-United States, lezi zinsiza zingasetshenziswa yinoma ubani, noma yikuphi, ofuna ukukhulisa ulwazi lokufunda nolwandle. Kufakiwe imidwebo yokugeleza yomqondo engama-28 ye-Ocean Literacy Scope kanye Nokulandelana KwamaBanga K–12.

I-Tsai, Liang-Ting (2019, Okthoba). Imithelela Yezinga Eliningi Yezici Zabafundi Nesikole Ekufundiseni KwabaFundi Besikole Samabanga Aphakeme Esikoleni Esiphakeme Sokufunda nokubhala. Ukusimama Umq. 11 DOI: 10.3390/su11205810.

Okutholwe okuyinhloko kwalolu cwaningo ukuthi kubafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu e-Taiwan, izici zomuntu ngamunye ziyimbangela eyinhloko yokufunda olwandle. Ngamanye amazwi, izici zeleveli yomfundi zibalele isabelo esikhulu sokuhluka okuphelele ekufundeni olwandle lwabafundi kunezici zezinga lesikole. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa yokufunda izincwadi ezinetimu yolwandle noma omagazini bekubikezela ulwazi lokufunda nolwandle, kanti, ezingeni lesikole, isifunda sesikole kanye nendawo yesikole kwakuyizici ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekufundeni olwandle.

I-National Marine Educators Association. (2010). I-Ocean Literacy Scope Nokulandelana KwamaBanga K-12. Umkhankaso Wokufunda Nokufunda Wase-Ocean Ohlanganisa I-Ocean Literacy Scope & Ukulandelana KwamaBanga K-12, I-NMEA. https://www.marine-ed.org/ocean-literacy/scope-and-sequence

I-Ocean Literacy Scope kanye Nokulandelana KwamaBanga K–12 iyithuluzi lokufundisa elinikeza isiqondiso kothisha ukuze basize abafundi babo bazuze ukuqonda okuphelele kolwandle ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu phakathi neminyaka yokufundiswa kwesayensi okucatshangelwayo, okuhambisanayo.

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5. Ukuhlukahluka, Ukulingana, Ukufakwa, kanye Nobulungiswa

Adams, L., Bintiff, A., Jannke, H., and Kacez, D. (2023). I-UC San Diego undergraduates kanye ne-Ocean Discovery Institute bayasebenzisana ukuze bakhe uhlelo lokuhlola ekwelulekweni okusabela ngokwesiko. I-Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 366767133_UC_San_Diego _Undergraduates_and_the_Ocean_ Discovery_Institute_Collaborate_to_ Form_a_Pilot_Program_in_Culturally_ Responsive_Mentoring

Kunokuntuleka okukhulu kokuhlukahluka kwesayensi yolwandle. Enye indlela lokhu okungathuthukiswa ngayo ukuqaliswa kokufundisa okuphendula ngokwesiko kanye nezinqubo zokuqondisa kuwo wonke amapayipi e-K–university. Kulesi sihloko, abacwaningi bachaza imiphumela yabo yokuqala kanye nezifundo abazifunde ohlelweni lokuhlola lokufundisa iqembu elihlukene ngokwezinhlanga labafundi abathole iziqu ezinkambisweni zokuqondisa ezizwelayo ngokwamasiko futhi banikeze amathuba okuba basebenzise amakhono abo abasanda kuwathola nabafundi be-K–12. Lokhu kusekela umbono wokuthi abafundi ngezifundo zabo zeziqu bangaba abameli bomphakathi kanye nalabo abaqhuba izinhlelo zesayensi yolwandle ukuze babeke phambili ukwehlukahlukana nokufakwa kucatshangelwe lapho besebenza ezinhlelweni zesayensi yolwandle.

I-Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra Gonçalves, A. Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, S., Prelovec, L., Sink, K. ( 2023, Mashi). Ukwenza I-Ocean Literacy Ibandakanye Futhi Ifinyeleleke. I-Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics DOI: 10.3354/esep00196. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348567915_Making_Ocean _Literacy_Inclusive_and_Accessible

Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi ukuzibandakanya kwezesayensi yasolwandle ngokomlando bekuyilungelo lenani elincane labantu elikwazi ukuthola imfundo ephakeme, imishini ekhethekile, kanye noxhaso lwezimali zocwaningo. Nokho, amaqembu omdabu, ubuciko bomoya, abasebenzisi bolwandle, namanye amaqembu asezibandakanye ngokujulile nolwandle anganikeza imibono eyahlukene ukuze inothise umqondo wolwazi lokufunda nolwandle ngaphezu kokuqonda isayensi yasolwandle. Ababhali baphakamisa ukuthi ukufakwa okunjalo kungase kususe imigoqo engokomlando ezungeze insimu, kuguqule ukuqwashisa kwethu ngokuhlanganyela kanye nobudlelwano nolwandle, futhi kusize ukusekela imizamo eqhubekayo yokubuyisela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo yasolwandle.

Zelezny, LC; Chua, PP; U-Aldrich, C. Izindlela Ezintsha Zokucabanga Ngokuphathelene Nezemvelo: Ukuchaza Kabanzi Ngomehluko Wobulili Kwezemvelo. J. Soc. Izinkinga 2000, 56, 443-457. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227509139_New_Ways_of_Thinking _about_Environmentalism_Elaborating_on _Gender_Differences_in_Environmentalism

Ababhali bathole ukuthi ngemva kokubuyekeza ishumi leminyaka locwaningo (1988-1998) mayelana nokuhluka kobulili ezimweni zengqondo nokuziphatha kwemvelo, ngokuphambene nokungahambisani okudlule, isithombe esicacile sesivele: abesifazane babika izimo zengqondo nokuziphatha okunamandla kwemvelo kunamadoda.

Bennett, N., Teh, L., Ota, Y., Christie, P., Ayers, A., et al. (2017). Isikhalazo somthetho wokuziphatha wokongiwa olwandle, Inqubomgomo Yasolwandle, Umqulu 81, Amakhasi 411-418, ISSN 0308-597X, DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.035 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316937934_An_appeal_for _a_code_of_conduct_for_marine_conservation

Izenzo zokulondoloza olwandle, nakuba zinezinhloso ezinhle, azibanjelwe kunoma iyiphi inqubo eyodwa yokubusa noma umgwamanda olawulayo, ongaholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu kwezinga lokusebenza. Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi ikhodi yokuziphatha noma isethi yamazinga kufanele isungulwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphatha ezifanele ziyalandelwa. Ikhodi kufanele ikhuthaze ukubusa kokugcinwa kwemvelo ngendlela efanele kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo, izenzo nemiphumela yokongiwa okunobulungisa emphakathini, kanye nezisebenzi zokongiwa kwemvelo eziphendulayo nezinhlangano. Umgomo wale khodi uzovumela ukongiwa kwasolwandle ukuthi kwamukeleke emphakathini futhi kuphumelele ngokwezemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kube nesandla olwandle oluzinzile ngempela.

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6. Amazinga, Izindlela, kanye Nezinkomba

Zielinski, T., Kotynska-Zielinska, I. no-Garcia-Soto, C. (2022, Januwari). I-Blueprint ye-Ocean Literacy: EU4Ocean. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357882384_A_ Blueprint_for_Ocean_Literacy_EU4Ocean

Leli phepha lixoxa ngokubaluleka kokuxhumana okuphumelelayo kwemiphumela yesayensi ezakhamuzini emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze abantu bathole ulwazi, abacwaningi bafuna ukuqonda Izimiso Zokufunda Zolwandle futhi basebenzise izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ezitholakalayo ukuze kube lula inqubo yokwandisa ukuqwashisa komhlaba wonke ngezinguquko zemvelo. Lokhu kusebenza ngokusobala ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ungakhanga kanjani abantu mayelana nezindaba ezehlukene zemvelo, ngakho-ke, abantu bangazithuthukisa kanjani izindlela zemfundo ukuze baphonsele inselelo izinguquko zomhlaba. Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi ukufunda nolwandle kuyisihluthulelo sokusimama, nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndatshana ikhuthaza uhlelo lwe-EU4Ocean.

Sean M. Wineland, Thomas M. Neeson, (2022). Ukwandisa ukusabalala kwezinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Isayensi Yokongiwa Nokuzijwayeza, I-DOI:10.1111/csp2.12740, Umq. 4, nxa8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 361491667_Maximizing_the_spread _of_conservation_initiatives_in_social_networks

Izinhlelo nezinqubomgomo zokongiwa kwemvelo zingagcina izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zithuthukise izinsiza ze-ecosystem, kodwa kuphela lapho zamukelwe kabanzi. Ngenkathi izinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo zikhona emhlabeni jikelele, eziningi ziyehluleka ukusabalala ukudlula abantu abambalwa abaqala ukuzisebenzisa. Ukwamukelwa kokuqala kwabantu abanethonya kubangela intuthuko ebukhali enanini eliphelele lalabo abamukela umkhankaso wokongiwa kwemvelo kunethiwekhi yonkana. Inethiwekhi yesifunda ifana nenethiwekhi engahleliwe eyakhiwe kakhulukazi ama-ejensi kahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano zendawo, kuyilapho inethiwekhi kazwelonke inesakhiwo esingenasikali esinamahabhu anomthelela omkhulu wama-ejensi wombuso kanye nezinhlangano ze-NGO.

U-Ashley M, u-Pahl S, u-Glegg G no-Fletcher S (2019) Ushintsho Lomqondo: Ukusebenzisa Izindlela Zokucwaninga Zenhlalo Nokuziphatha Ekuhloleni Ukusebenza Kwemikhankaso Yokufunda nokubhala Yasolwandle. Imingcele Yesayensi Yasolwandle. I-DOI:10.3389/fmars.2019.00288. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333748430_A_Change_of_Mind _Applying_Social_and_Behavioral_ Research_Methods_to_the_Assessment_of _the_Effectiveness_of_Ocean_Literacy_Initiatives

Lezi zindlela zivumela ukuhlolwa koshintsho esimweni sengqondo okuwukhiye wokuqonda ukusebenza kahle kohlelo. Ababhali bethula uhlaka lwemodeli enengqondo yokuhlolwa kwezifundo zokuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo kochwepheshe abangena embonini yemikhumbi (okuhloswe ngayo ukuziphatha ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo) kanye nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zabafundi besikole (abaneminyaka eyi-11-15 kanye ne-16-18) ngezinkinga ezihlobene. kudoti wasolwandle kanye nama-microplastics. Ababhali bathole ukuthi ukuhlola izinguquko zesimo sengqondo kungasiza ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi ekwandiseni ulwazi lwabahlanganyeli nokuqwashisa ngendaba, ikakhulukazi lapho izethameli ezithile beziqondiswe ngamathuluzi okufunda olwandle ahlotshisiwe.

Santoro, F., Santin, S., Scowcroft, G., Fauville, G., and Tuddenham, P. (2017). I-Ocean Literacy Yabo Bonke - Ikhithi yamathuluzi. I-IOC/UNESCO & UNESCO Venice office Paris (IOC Manuals and Guides, 80 ebuyekezwe ngo-2018), 136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321780367_Ocean_Literacy_for_all_-_A_toolkit

Ukwazi nokuqonda ithonya lolwandle kithi, kanye nomthelela wethu olwandle, kubalulekile ukuze siphile futhi senze ngendlela eqhubekayo. Lona umnyombo wokufunda olwandle. I-Ocean Literacy Portal isebenza njengendawo eyodwa, ihlinzeka ngezinsiza kanye nokuqukethwe okutholakala kubo bonke, ngenhloso yokwakha umphakathi okwazi ukufunda nolwandle okwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi nezinesibopho mayelana nemithombo yolwandle kanye nokusimama kolwandle.

NOAA. (2020, February). I-Ocean Literacy: Izimiso Ezibalulekile Zesayensi Yasolwandle Yabafundi Bayo Yonke Iminyaka. www.oceanliteracyNMEA.org

KuneMigomo Yokufunda Yasolwandle eyisikhombisa futhi Ububanzi obuhambisanayo nokulandelana kuhlanganisa imidwebo yokugeleza komqondo engama-28. I-Ocean Literacy Principles isalokhu ingumsebenzi oqhubekayo; zibonisa imizamo kuze kube manje ekuchazeni ukufunda nolwandle. Uhlelo lwangaphambili lwakhiqizwa ngo-2013.

• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #1: Umhlaba unolwandle olulodwa olukhulu olunezici eziningi.
• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #2: Ulwandle kanye nokuphila olwandle kubumba izici zoMhlaba.
• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #3: Ulwandle lunomthelela omkhulu esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu.
• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #4: Ulwandle lwenza uMhlaba ukwazi ukuhlala kuwo.
• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #5: Ulwandle lusekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo.
• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #6: Ulwandle nabantu kuxhumene ngendlela engenakuhlukaniswa.
• Ocean Literacy Isimiso #7: Ulwandle alukahlolisiswa.

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