Ingxenye 3: Ngemva kwesiphepho - amapulasitiki olwandle

NguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli, I-Ocean Foundation kanye noCaroline Coogan, Umsizi Wesisekelo, I-Ocean Foundation

Kwa-The Ocean Foundation, besicabanga kakhulu ngemiphumela. Sidabukile ngezindaba ezidabukisayo zokulahlekelwa kwabantu ngemva kweziphepho ezifana nalesi esihlasele i-St. Lucia, i-Trinidad & Tobago, nezinye izizwe eziqhingini ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi. Kuye kwaba nokuphuma kozwela nosizo kulabo abathintekile, njengoba kufanele kube khona. Besilokhu sizibuza ukuthi yiziphi izici ezibikezelwayo zemiphumela yeziphepho futhi yini esingayenza ukuze silungiselele umphumela?

Ikakhulukazi, besilokhu sizibuza ukuthi singawukhawulela kanjani noma siwuvimbele kanjani umonakalo ovela emfucumfucwini odalwa izikhukhula, umoya, kanye nomonakalo weziphepho—ikakhulukazi uma uvunguza emanzini aseduze nogu nasogwini. Okuningi kwalokho okukhukhulekayo emhlabeni nasemizileni yethu yamanzi kanye nolwandle kwenziwa ngento engasindi, engangeni manzi entanta ngaphansi noma ngaphansi nje kwamanzi. Iza ngamajamo amaningi, osayizi, ubukhulu, futhi isetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene emisebenzini yabantu. Kusukela ezikhwameni zokuthenga namabhodlela kuya ezintweni zokupholisa ukudla, kusukela kumathoyizi kuya kocingo—amapulasitiki akhona yonke indawo emiphakathini yabantu, futhi ukuba khona kwawo kuzwakala ngokujulile komakhelwane bethu basolwandle.

Umagazini wakamuva we-SeaWeb's Marine Science Review uqokomise inkinga elandela ngokwemvelo engxoxweni eqhubekayo ye-The Ocean Foundation mayelana neziphepho nemiphumela, ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekwana nenkinga kadoti olwandle, noma ngaphezulu ngokusemthethweni: imfucumfucu yasolwandle. Sobabili siyakhuthazeka futhi sishaqekile ngenani lezindatshana ezibuyekezwe ngontanga nezihlobene ezinyatheliswayo manje nasezinyangeni ezizayo ezilandisa ngale nkinga. Kuyasiduduza ukwazi ukuthi ososayensi bacwaninga ngemiphumela yako: kusukela ocwaningweni lwemfucumfucu yasolwandle eshalofini lezwekazi laseBelgian kuya kumthelela wezimpahla zokudoba elahliwe (isb. amanetha ayizipoki) ezimfuduni zasolwandle nezinye izilwane e-Australia, kanye nokuba khona kwamapulasitiki. ezilwaneni ezisukela kuma-barnacles amancane kuya ezinhlanzini ezidotshwa ukuze zidliwe abantu. Kuyasishaqisa ukwanda kokuqinisekiswa kwezinga lomhlaba wonke lale nkinga nokuthi kungakanani okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kubhekwane nayo - kanye nokuvimbela ukuthi ingabi yimbi kakhulu.

Ezifundeni ezisogwini, izivunguvungu zivame ukuba namandla futhi zihambisane nezikhukhula zamanzi ezehla ngentaba zingene emiseleni yeziphepho, imihosha, imifudlana kanye nemifula, futhi ekugcineni ziye olwandle. Lawo manzi acosha amabhodlela, amathini, nezinye izibi ezikhohliwe kakhulu ezigudle imiphetho, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, emapaki, ngisho nasemigqomeni kadoti engavikelekile. Ithwala imfucumfucu iyise emigwaqweni yamanzi lapho iphithizela khona ehlathini eduze kombhede womfudlana noma ibambeke eduze kwamadwala namabhuloho, futhi ekugcineni, iphoqelelwe imisinga, ithola indlela yayo emabhishi nasemaxhaphozini nakwezinye izindawo. Ngemva kweSiphepho uSandy, izikhwama zepulasitiki zazihlobisa izihlahla ezigudle ugu lomgwaqo ziphakame njengezikhukhula—ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-15 ukusuka emhlabathini ezindaweni eziningi, zithwelwe amanzi lapho egijima ebuya ezweni eya olwandle.

Izizwe zaseziqhingini sezivele zinenselelo enkulu uma kuziwa kudoti—umhlaba usezingeni eliphezulu futhi ukuwusebenzisa endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu akusebenzi ngempela. Futhi - ikakhulukazi manje e-Caribbean - banenye inselele uma kuziwa kudoti. Kwenzekani lapho kufika isivunguvungu futhi izinkulungwane zamathani emfucumfucu egcwele udaka sekusele izindlu zabantu kanye nempahla ethandekayo? Izobekwa kuphi? Kwenzekani ngezixhobo eziseduze, amabhishi, imihlume nezimfunda zasolwandle lapho amanzi eletha kuzo inqwaba yaleyo mfucumfucu exutshwe nenhlabathi, indle, izinto zokuhlanza indlu, nezinye izinto ezazigcinwe emiphakathini yabantu kuze kufike isiphepho? Ingakanani imfucumfucu imvula evamile ethwala iye emifudlaneni nasemabhishi nasemanzini aseduze? Kwenzekani kuyo? Kuyithinta kanjani impilo yasolwandle, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nemisebenzi yezomnotho esekela imiphakathi yaseziqhingini?

I-Caribbean Environment Programme ye-UNEP kade yazi ngale nkinga: igqamisa izindaba ezikuwebhusayithi yayo, Udoti Oqinile kanye Nodoti Wasolwandle, kanye nokubiza abantu abanentshisekelo mayelana nezinketho zokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ngezindlela ezinciphisa ukulimala kwamanzi aseduze nogu nezindawo zokuhlala. Isikhulu Sezibonelelo Nezocwaningo se-Ocean Foundation, u-Emily Franc, sihambele umcimbi onjalo ngekwindla edlule. Amalungu eqembu ahlanganisa abameleli abavela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni nezingezona ezikahulumeni.[1]

Ukulahlekelwa okudabukisayo kwempilo kanye namagugu omphakathi ezivunguvungwini zangaphambi kukaKhisimusi kwakuyisiqalo nje sendaba. Siyabakweleta abangani bethu basesiqhingini ukucabanga kusengaphambili ngeminye imiphumela yeziphepho ezizayo. Siyazi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi lesi siphepho sasingavamile, akusho ukuthi ngeke kube nezinye izenzakalo ezingavamile noma ezilindelekile.

Siyazi futhi ukuthi ukuvimbela amapulasitiki nokunye ukungcola ekufinyeleleni olwandle kufanele kube yinto eza kuqala kithi. Ipulasitiki eminingi ayibhidliki futhi ihambe olwandle—ivele ihlakazeke ibe izingxenye ezincane nezincane, iphazamise izinhlelo zokudla nezokuzala zezilwane nezitshalo ezincane njalo olwandle. Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, kukhona ukuqoqwa kwepulasitiki kanye nezinye izinsalela kuma-gyres amakhulu kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba-neGreat Pacific Garbage Patch (eduze kwaseMidway Islands futhi ehlanganisa iNyakatho yePacific Ocean) edume kakhulu, kodwa, ngokudabukisayo. , ayihlukile.

Ngakho-ke, kunesinyathelo esisodwa sonke esingaseseka: Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye, ukukhuthaza iziqukathi ezizinzile kanye nezinhlelo zokuletha uketshezi neminye imikhiqizo lapho izosetshenziswa khona. Singavumelana futhi ngesinyathelo sesibili: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkomishi, izikhwama, amabhodlela, neminye imfucumfucu yepulasitiki igcinwa ngaphandle kwemisele yamanzi eziphepho, imisele, imifudlana neminye imigudu yamanzi. Sifuna ukugcina zonke iziqukathi zepulasitiki zingagoqeki olwandle nasemabhishi ethu.

• Singaqinisekisa ukuthi wonke udoti uyagaywa kabusha noma ulahlwe ngaphandle ngendlela efanele.
• Singabamba iqhaza ekuhlanzeni umphakathi ukuze sisize ukuqeda imfucumfucu engavala imigudu yethu yamanzi.

Njengoba sike sasho izikhathi eziningi ngaphambili, ukubuyisela izinhlelo zasogwini kungesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa imiphakathi eqinile. Imiphakathi yasogwini ehlakaniphile etshala imali ekwakheni kabusha lezi zindawo zokuhlala ukuze isize ukulungiselela isiphepho esikhulu esilandelayo izuza ukuzijabulisa, umnotho, nezinye izinzuzo futhi . Ukugcina udoti ogwini futhi ungekho emanzini kwenza umphakathi uthandeke kakhulu ezivakashini.

I-Caribbean inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezizwe eziqhingini nezisogwini ukuheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika nasemhlabeni. Futhi, labo abasembonini yezokuvakasha badinga ukukhathalela izindawo lapho amakhasimende abo aya khona ukuze azijabulise, ibhizinisi, nomndeni. Sonke sithembele emabhishi ayo amahle, izixhobo zamakhorali eziyingqayizivele, nezinye izimangaliso zemvelo ukuze siphile, sisebenze, futhi sidlale. Singahlangana ukuze sigweme ukulimala lapho singakwazi khona futhi silungise imiphumela, njengoba kufanele.

[1] Inqwaba yezinhlangano zisebenzela ukufundisa, ukuhlanza, nokuhlonza izixazululo zokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki olwandle. Zihlanganisa i-Ocean Conservancy, 5 Gyres, Plastic Pollution Coalition, Surfrider Foundation, nezinye eziningi.