Isayensi Yasolwandle: Ukuhlelwa Kwendawo Yasolwandle Kuyashintsha Indlela Esibhekana Ngayo Nolwandle Nasogwini

Ababhali: uMark J. Spalding noHooper Brooks
Igama Lokushicilela: Ukuzijwayeza Ukuhlela
Usuku Lokushicilela: ULwesine, Disemba 1, 2011

Wonke umuntu ohlelayo uyakwazi lokhu: Amanzi asogwini lwase-US ayizindawo ezimatasatasa ngokumangazayo, ezinokusetshenziswa okuningi okudlulanayo kwabantu nezilwane ngokufanayo. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe lokho kusetshenziswa—kanye nokuvimbela okulimazayo—uMongameli Obama ngoJulayi 2010 wakhipha umyalo omkhulu owasungula ukuhlelwa kwendawo yasolwandle njengethuluzi lokuthuthukisa ukubusa kolwandle.

Ngaphansi kwalo myalelo, zonke izindawo zamanzi ase-US zizogcina zenziwe imephu, okwenza kucace ukuthi yiziphi izindawo okufanele zibekelwe ukongiwa futhi lapho ukusetshenziswa okusha okufana nezindawo zamandla omoya namagagasi kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane zasolwandle okuvulekile kungabekwa khona ngokufanelekile.

Umongo ongokomthetho waleli gunya uMthetho Wezokuphathwa Kwezindawo Zasogwini, kusukela ngo-1972. Izinjongo zohlelo lwalowo mthetho zisafana: “ukugcina, ukuvikela, ukuthuthukisa, futhi lapho kungenzeka khona, ukubuyisela noma ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zendawo yogu yesizwe. .” Izifundazwe ezingamashumi amathathu nane ziqhuba izinhlelo ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-CZMA Lukazwelonke Lokuphathwa Kwezindawo Zasogwini. Iziqiwi ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili zemifula zisebenza njengamalabhorethri angaphansi kwe-National Estuarine Research Reserve System. Manje umyalo kamongameli wesigungu ukhuthaza ukubhekisisa kabanzi izinhlelo zasogwini.

Isidingo sikhona. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yabantu bomhlaba ihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-40 ukusuka ogwini. Lelo nani lingakhuphukela kumaphesenti angama-75 ngo-2025, ngokusho kokunye ukuqagela.
Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili azo zonke izindawo zokuvakasha zenzeka ezindaweni ezisogwini, ikakhulukazi onqenqemeni lwamanzi, emabhishi naseziweni eziseduze nogu. Umsebenzi wezomnotho okhiqizwa endaweni yezomnotho ekhethekile yase-US—enweba amamayela angu-200 e-nautical phesheya kolwandle—umele amakhulu ezigidigidi zamadola.

Lo msebenzi ogxilile udala izinselelo emiphakathini yasogwini. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ukulawula ukuzinza komphakathi emnothweni womhlaba ongazinzile, nomsebenzi wezomnotho ongalingani ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka kanye nanjengoba kuthintwa umnotho nesimo sezulu.
• Ukunciphisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezindaweni zemvelo zasogwini
• Ukunciphisa imithelela ye-anthropogenic efana nezilwane ezihlaselayo, ukungcoliswa kogu, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, nokudoba ngokweqile

Isithembiso nezingcindezi

Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yasogwini kuyithuluzi lokuhlela elisha uma kuqhathaniswa ngokombono wokulawula. Kubandakanya amasu nezinselele ezinokufana ekuhleleni komhlaba, kodwa kunezici ezihlukile futhi. Isibonelo, kungadala imingcele ecacile phakathi kwendawo yolwandle evulekile ngaphambilini—umqondo oqinisekile ukuthi uzocasula labo abashadile emcabangweni wolwandle lwasendle, oluvulekile, olufinyelelekayo. 

Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi ogwini, umkhumbi, !shing, ezokuvakasha, nezokungcebeleka ngezinye zezinjini eziqhuba umnotho wethu. Izilwandle zibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokuthuthukiswa njengoba izimboni ziqhudelana ngezindawo ezifanayo, futhi izimfuno ezintsha zivela ekusetshenzisweni okufana namandla avuselelekayo olwandle kanye nezilwane zasemanzini. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphathwa kolwandle kukahulumeni namuhla kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwezinhlaka zombuso ezihlukene ezingu-23, izindawo zolwandle zivame ukulawulwa nokulawulwa umkhakha ngomkhakha kanye nesimo ngasinye, ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa okuningi kokuhwebelana noma imiphumela enqwabelene kweminye imisebenzi yabantu noma indawo yasolwandle.

Okunye ukudwetshwa kwemephu yasolwandle nokuhlela okulandelayo kwenzeke emanzini ase-US amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphansi kwe-CZMA, indawo yogu lwase-US ifakwe imephu, nakuba lawo mamephu kungenzeka angabi sesikhathini samanje. Izindawo ezivikelekile ezizungeze i-Cape Canaveral, izikhungo zokuphehla amandla enuzi, noma ezinye izindawo ezibucayi zibe nomphumela wokuhlelela ukuthuthukiswa kogu, ama-marinas, kanye nemizila yemikhumbi. Imizila efudukayo nezindawo zokudlela ezisengozini enkulu yokushabalala ye-right whales yaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic kuyacatshangelwa, ngoba ukuhlasela kwemikhumbi—okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa komkhomo—kungancishiswa kakhulu lapho kulungiswa imizila yemikhumbi ukuze igweme.

Imizamo efanayo iyaqhubeka emachwebeni aseningizimu yeCalifornia, lapho ukugasela kwemikhumbi kuye kwathinta izinhlobo eziningi zemikhomo. Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwempilo Yasemanzini wezwe wango-1999, izikhulu zikahulumeni, abagqugquzeli bemboni yabadobi abangenzi nzuzo, kanye nabaholi bomphakathi bazabalaze ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zogu lwaseCalifornia ezivikeleke kangcono nokuthi yiziphi izindawo ezingase zisetshenziswe kwezinye izindawo.

Umyalo kamongameli ubeka inkundla yomzamo obanzi we-CMSP. Ebhala kumagazini ka-2010 wephephabhuku i-Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, uG. Carleton Ray waseYunivesithi yaseVirginia wachaza izinjongo zeziphathimandla: “Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yasogwini nezasolwandle kunikeza inqubo yenqubomgomo yomphakathi ukuze umphakathi unqume kangcono ukuthi ulwandle nendlela ugu kufanele lusetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo futhi luvikelwe manje nasezizukulwaneni ezizayo.” Uthe, le nqubo ihloselwe “ukukhulisa ngokucophelela lokho esikuthola olwandle ngenkathi sinciphisa izinsongo empilweni yalo. Inzuzo enkulu, ebikezelwe kusengaphambili, ukuthuthukisa ikhono leziphathimandla ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumanisa ngaphandle komthungo izinhloso zazo ngokuhlela okubanzi.”

Kufakwe ohlelweni lokuphatha ulwandle lwezwe kanye nendawo yezomnotho ekhethekile, i-Great Lakes, kanye neshalofu lezwekazi, elinwebeka libheke ezweni emugqeni wamanzi aphezulu futhi ohlanganisa amatheku amaphakathi nezwe namachweba.

Yini edingekayo?

Inqubo yokuhlela indawo yasolwandle ayifani naleyo ye-charrette yomphakathi lapho bonke ababambiqhaza behlangana ukuze baxoxe ngokuthi izindawo zisetshenziswa kanjani njengamanje nokuthi ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe, noma intuthuko, kungenzeka kanjani. Imvamisa i-charrette iqala ngohlaka oluthile, njengokuthi umphakathi uzobhekana kanjani nenselelo yokuhlinzeka ngengqalasizinda yomnotho onempilo, imvelo kanye nomphakathi.
Inselele endaweni yasolwandle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-charrette imele lezo zilwane umsebenzi wezomnotho oncike kuzo (isb, ukudoba nokubukela imikhomo); ikhono labo lokuvela etafuleni ngokusobala linomkhawulo; futhi okukhethwa kukho, uma kwenziwa izinqumo ezingalungile, kulinganiselwe nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa namakhemikhali, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo, kungabangela ukushintshashintsha endaweni ye-!sh nezinye izilwane zasolwandle, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlonza izindawo ezithile njengezokusetshenziswa okuthile. 

Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yasolwandle kungabiza kakhulu, futhi. Uhlelo oluphelele lwendawo ethile kufanele lucabangele izici eziningi. Kuhilela ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi okuhlola ulwandle olunezinhlangothi eziningi ezikala indawo engaphezulu, indawo yolwandle, izindawo zokuhlala eziseduze, indawo engaphansi kolwandle, kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kolwandle, kanye nanoma yiziphi izindawo ezigqagqene endaweni ethile. Ukudoba, izimayini, ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi, izindawo eziqashiselwe uwoyela negesi kodwa ezingakasetshenziswa, izinjini zomoya, amapulazi ezimbaza, ukuthutha ngemikhumbi, ukuzijabulisa, ukubuka imikhomo, nokunye okusetshenzwa ngabantu kufanele kufakwe imephu. Kanjalo nemizila esetshenziswayo ukuya ezindaweni zalezo zinto.

Ukudweba imephu okuphelele kuzobandakanya izinhlobo zezitshalo nendawo yokuhlala ngasogwini kanye nasemanzini aseduze nogu, njengemihlume, izimfunda zolwandle, izindunduma, namaxhaphozi. Kungafanekisa ulwandle “olusuka ogwini lwamaza olwandle oludlula eshalofini lasezwekazini, elaziwa ngokuthi imiphakathi ye-benthic, lapho izinhlobo eziningi ze-!sh nezinye izilwane zichitha ingxenye noma wonke umjikelezo wazo wokuphila. Izohlanganisa idatha eyaziwayo yendawo neyesikhashana mayelana ne-!sh, izilwane ezincelisayo, nezinyoni kanye namaphethini afudukayo kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziselwa ukuzalela nokudla. Ukuhlonza izindawo zenkulisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izingane !sh nezinye izilwane nakho kubalulekile. Isici sesikhashana sibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kolwandle okubucayi, futhi ngokuvamile akunakwa ekudwebeni kwemephu ye-CMSP.

URay wabhala: . Umgomo owodwa uwukuvumela ukuhlonza izindawo lapho ukusetshenziswa okusha, njengokukhiqiza amandla noma izindawo zokonga, kungase kubekwe khona. Enye inhloso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abakhona bayahlonza futhi baqonde ukuthi imisebenzi yabo yenzeka kanjani futhi kuphi endaweni edwetshwe imephu.

Uma kungenzeka, imizila yokufuduka kwezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izimfudu zasolwandle, kanye ne-!sh nazo zingafakwa ukuze amaphasishi azo azosetshenziswa agqanyiswe. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa lezi zigaba zolwazi ukunikeza ababambiqhaza nabahleli ithuluzi lokufinyelela ukuvumelana nokwenza izinhlelo ezithuthukisa izinzuzo kubo bonke.

Yini eyenziwe kuze kube manje?

Ukwethula umzamo kazwelonke wokuhlela indawo yasolwandle, ngonyaka odlule uhulumeni wobumbano usungule i-National Ocean Council ekomiti elixhumanisa ukubusa, ngokubonisana namalungu ayi-18 ohulumeni basekhaya, bezizwe, nohulumeni basekhaya kanye nezinhlangano, okuzosebenza njengesigungu esibalulekile sokuxhumanisa. nezindaba zenqubomgomo yolwandle. Izinhlelo zezindawo zasolwandle zizothuthukiswa ezifundeni eziyisishiyagalolunye ekuqaleni kuka-2015. Imihlangano yokulalela yabanjwa ezweni lonke ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuze kutholwe imibono ngenqubo ye-CMSP. Lowo mzamo uyisiqalo esihle, kodwa amaqembu ahlukahlukene acela okwengeziwe. Encwadini eyayibhalelwe iCongress ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, i-Ocean Conservancy—inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinze eWashington—iphawule ukuthi izifundazwe eziningi zase ziqoqa idatha futhi zenza amamephu okusetshenziswa kolwandle nogu. “Kodwa,” kusho incwadi, “izifundazwe azikwazi !x uhlelo lokulawula ulwandle lwesizwe sethu ngokwazo. Njengoba kunikezwe indima kahulumeni wobumbano emanzini olwandle oluhlangene, uhulumeni wobumbano kufanele akhele emizamweni ekhona yesifunda yokusiza ukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kolwandle ngezindlela ezinengqondo. " I-akhawunti yomzamo osuqalile kakade eMassachusetts inikezwe u-Amy Mathews Amos, umeluleki ozimele wezemvelo, ngemva nje kokukhishwa kwesinqumo sikamongameli ngonyaka odlule. “Sekungamashumi eminyaka imiphakathi isebenzisa ukuklanywa kwezindawo ukunciphisa izingxabano zokusetshenziswa komhlaba nokuvikela amanani ezakhiwo. Ngo-2008, iMassachusetts yaba izwe lokuqala ukusebenzisa lo mbono olwandle,” u-Amos wabhala kwethi “Obama Enacts Ocean Zoning,” eyabhalwa ngo-2010 ngo. www.blueridgepress.com, iqoqo eliku-inthanethi lamakholomu ahlanganisiwe. “Ngokuphasiswa kwezwe umthetho obanzi 'wokuklanywa kolwandle', manje usunohlaka lokukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezingasogwini ezifanele ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuhlaba umkhosi ngezingxabano ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi." 

Kuningi osekufeziwe kule minyaka emithathu kusukela uMthetho we-Massachusetts Ocean Act wawudinga uhulumeni wezwe ukuba enze uhlelo oluphelele lokulawula ulwandle okuhloswe ngalo ukuthi lufakwe ohlelweni olukhona lwe-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration lokulawulwa kwendawo yogu futhi lusetshenziswe ngezinqubo zombuso zokulawula nezimvume. . Izinyathelo zokuqala zifaka phakathi ukunquma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kolwandle oluthile kuzovunyelwa kuphi nokuthi yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kolwandle okuhambisanayo.

Ukuze kube lula inqubo, umbuso udale Ikhomishana Yokweluleka Ngolwandle kanye NoMkhandlu Wokululeka Ngesayensi. Amaseshini okufaka imibono yomphakathi ahlelelwe imiphakathi yasogwini nemaphakathi nezwe. Amaqembu okusebenza e-ejensi ayisithupha asungulwa ukuze athole futhi ahlaziye imininingwane ephathelene nendawo yokuhlala; !amatshe; ezokuthutha, ukuhamba, nengqalasizinda; intlenga; ezokungcebeleka namasiko; namandla avuselelekayo. Isistimu yedatha ye-inthanethi entsha ebizwa ngokuthi i-MORIS (I-Massachusetts Ocean Resource Information System) yadalelwa ukusesha nokubonisa idatha yendawo ephathelene nendawo yogu yaseMassachusetts.

Abasebenzisi be-MORIS bangase babuke izendlalelo zedatha ezihlukahlukene (iziteshi zokukala amagagasi, izindawo ezivikelekile zasolwandle, izindawo zokufinyelela, imibhede ye-eelgrass) ngemuva kwezithombe zasemoyeni, imingcele yezombusazwe, izinsiza zemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwabantu, i-bathymetry, noma enye idatha, okuhlanganisa amamephu esisekelo se-Google. Umgomo ukuvumela izingcweti zokuphatha ugu kanye nabanye abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amamephu futhi balande idatha yangempela ukuze isetshenziswe ohlelweni lolwazi lwendawo kanye nezinjongo zokuhlela ezihlobene.

Nakuba uhlelo lokuqala lokuphatha lwaseMassachusetts lwakhishwa ngo-2010, okuningi kokuqoqwa kwedatha nokuklanywa kwamamephu kwakungaphelele. Imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuthuthukisa ulwazi olungcono lwezentengiselwano !sheries, kanye !nokugcwalisa ezinye izikhala zedatha njengokuqhubeka nokuqoqwa kwezithombe zendawo. Imikhawulo yoxhaso imise ezinye izindawo zokuqoqwa kwedatha, okuhlanganisa nezithombe zendawo yokuhlala, kusukela ngoDisemba 2010, ngokusho kwe-Massachusetts Ocean Partnership.

I-MOP yiqembu elizimele elisungulwe ngo-2006 futhi lisekelwa izibonelelo eziyisisekelo, izinkontileka zikahulumeni, kanye nezinkokhelo. Isebenza ngaphansi kwebhodi elilawulayo, nethimba labasebenzi abayinhloko abayingxenye yeshumi nambili kanye namaqembu amaningana asebenza ngaphansi kwenkontileka yochwepheshe. Inezinjongo ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kolwandle okusekelwe kwisayensi kulo lonke elaseNyakatho-mpumalanga kanye nakuzwelonke. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yobambiswano ihlanganisa: Ukuklama nokuphatha uhlelo lwe-CMSP; ukuxhumana nababambe iqhaza; ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya kanye nokufinyelela; ukuhlaziywa kokuhwebelana kanye nokwesekwa kwezinqumo; ukwakheka kwamathuluzi kanye nokusetshenziswa; kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkomba ze-ecology kanye nenhlalo-mnotho ye-CMSP.

I-Massachusetts kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiphe uhlelo lwayo lokugcina oluphelele lokuphathwa kolwandle ekuqaleni kuka-2015, futhi i-MOP inethemba lokuthi Uhlelo Lwesifunda LwaseNew England luzoqedwa ngo-2016.

I-Rhode Island nayo iqhubekela phambili ngokuhlela indawo yasolwandle. Isungule uhlelo lokudweba ukusetshenziswa kwabantu nezinsiza zemvelo futhi isebenze ukukhomba ukusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo ngohlaka lwendawo yamandla omoya.

Ucwaningo olugunyazwe nguhulumeni olwaqedwa eminyakeni ethile edlule lwathola ukuthi amapulazi omoya angaphesheya kwezilwandle angahlinzeka ngamaphesenti ayi-15 noma ngaphezulu ezidingo zikagesi zaseRhode Island; umbiko uphinde wahlonza izindawo eziqondile eziyi-10 ebezingase zibe izindawo zamapulazi omoya. Ngo-2007, owayengumbusi ngaleso sikhathi u-Donald Carcieri wamema iqembu elihlukahlukene ukuthi libambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni ezimayelana nezingosi ezingaba ngu-10. Kwabanjwa imihlangano emine ukuze kutholwe imibono yababekhona, ababemele ohulumeni basekhaya, izinhlangano zezemvelo, izinhlangano ezithuthukisa umnotho wendawo, nabathanda ukudobela inzuzo kanye nezinhlaka zikahulumeni, i-US Coast Guard, amanyuvesi endawo, nabanye.

Umgomo omkhulu wawuwukugwema izingxabano ezingase zibe khona. Ngokwesibonelo, kwaqashelwa ngokucophelela imizila nezindawo zokuphrakthiza zabaqhudelana neNdebe YaseMelika kanye nezinye izithakazelo zomkhumbi, phakathi kokusetshenziswa okuningi okumeziwe. Kwakunzima ukuthola ulwazi lwemizila yemikhumbi-ngwenya yase-US Navy ngaphandle kwesizinda esiseduze, kodwa ekugcineni, leyo mizila yengezwa kungxubevange. Ezindaweni eziyi-10 ezihlonzwe ngaphambi kwenqubo yabathintekayo, ezimbalwa zaqedwa ngenxa yokungqubuzana okungenzeka nokusetshenziswa okukhona kwezohwebo, ikakhulukazi ukudoba. Nokho, amamephu okuqala awazange abonise ababambiqhaza amaphethini okufuduka ezilwane noma afake imbondela yesikhashana yokusetshenziswa kwesizini.

Amaqembu ahlukene abe nokukhathazeka okuhlukene mayelana neziza ezingaba khona. Amalobstermen akhathazekile ngomphumela wokwakha nokugcina izakhiwo kuzo zonke iziza eziyi-10. Enye indawo yatholakala ingqubuzana nesiza sokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Izikhulu zezokuvakasha zizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngomthelela omubi ongase ube khona kwezokuvakasha ezivela entuthukweni yomoya oseduze nogu, ikakhulukazi eduze namabhishi asogwini oluseningizimu, okuwumthombo obalulekile wezomnotho wombuso. Imibono evela kulawo mabhishi kanye nemiphakathi yasehlobo eBlock Island yayiphakathi kwezizathu ezibaluliwe zokuhambisa amapulazi omoya kwenye indawo.

Abanye babekhathazekile "ngomphumela we-Coney Island" wezidingo ze-Coast Guard zokukhanyisa izinjini zomoya njengesexwayiso ezindizeni nasezikebheni kanye nenkinga engase ibe khona yasogwini yama-foghorn adingekayo.

Kuphela ezinye zalezo zingxabano zaxazululwa ngaphambi kokuba umthuthukisi wokuqala wamandla omoya aqale umsebenzi wakhe wokwenza imephu phansi kolwandle ngoSepthemba 2011, ngezinhlelo zokuphakamisa ngokusemthethweni iziza zazo zombili ipulazi lomoya elingamamegawathi angama-30 ngo-2012 futhi, kamuva, ipulazi lomoya elingamamegawathi ayi-1,000. emanzini aseRhode Island. Ama-ejensi wombuso kanye nefederal azobuyekeza lezo ziphakamiso. Kusazobonakala ukuthi yikuphi ukusetshenziswa komuntu noma kwezilwane okuzobekwa phambili, njengoba amapulazi omoya avinjelwe ukugibela izikebhe nokudoba.

Ezinye izifundazwe nazo zenza imizamo ethile yokuhlela indawo yasolwandle: I-Oregon igxile ezindaweni ezivikelekile zasolwandle kanye ne-ocean wave energy siting; I-California isizosebenzisa uMthetho wayo Wokuvikela Impilo Yasolwandle; kanye nomthetho omusha we-Washington State udinga ukuthi amanzi esifunda abhekane nenqubo yokuhlela indawo yasolwandle, uma izimali sezikhona zokuwusekela. I-New York iphothula ukuqaliswa koMthetho wayo ka-2006 Wokongiwa kwe-Ocean kanye ne-Great Lakes Ecosystem Conservation, owashintsha ukuphathwa kogu lwesifunda lwamamayela angu-1,800 olwandle nogu lwe-Great Lakes ngendlela ebanzi, esekelwe kuhlelo lwendalo, kunokuba eyodwa igcizelele uhlobo oluthile noma inkinga.

Indima yomhleli
Umhlaba nolwandle kuyizinhlelo ezididiyelwe; azikwazi ukuphathwa ngokwehlukana. Ogwini yilapho abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yethu bahlala khona. Futhi izindawo ezisogwini yizona ezikhiqiza kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Lapho izimiso zasogwini ziphilile, zinikeza izigidigidi zamaRandi ezinzuzweni eziqondile zezomnotho, ezihlanganisa imisebenzi, amathuba okuzilibazisa, indawo yokuhlala yezilwane zasendle, kanye nokwaziswa kwamasiko. Zingasiza futhi ukuvikela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo, nazo ezinemiphumela yangempela yezomnotho.

Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-CMSP kufanele ilinganisele kahle, yaziswe kahle, futhi icabangele izimiso nezinzuzo ze-ecology, socialcultural, kanye nezomnotho. Abahleli bemiphakathi yasogwini badinga ukuhlanganiswa engxoxweni ye-CMSP ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umphakathi uyafinyelela endaweni nezinsizakusebenza zasolwandle, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinsiza zesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle okuyoba negalelo ekusimameni kweminotho yasogwini.

Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza, bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesayensi bomphakathi ohlelayo kufanele buhlanganiswe futhi busetshenziswe ezinqumweni ze-CMSP ezizuzisa kakhulu. Ukubandakanyeka okunjalo kufanele kuqale kusenesikhathi ohlelweni, lapho uhulumeni kanye nezinhlaka zababambe iqhaza kwakhiwa. Ubuchwepheshe bomphakathi ohlelayo bungasiza futhi ukusebenzisa izinsiza zezezimali ezidingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe i-CMSP egcwele kulezi zikhathi ezinzima ngokwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahleli bangasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amamephu ngokwawo ayabuyekezwa njengoba isikhathi sihamba.

Okokugcina, singathemba futhi ukuthi ukusebenzelana okunjalo kuzosiza ekwandiseni ukuqonda, ukwesekwa, kanye nesifunda esinwetshiwe sokuvikela izilwandle zethu ezisengozini.

U-Mark Spalding ungumongameli we-The Ocean Foundation, ezinze eWashington, DC U-Hooper Brooks ungumqondisi wezinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe ozinze eNew York nase-London we-Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment.