I-Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop

Ngu-Mark J. Spalding, uMongameli, i-Ocean Foundation

Igumbi beligcwele imikhonzo kanye nezingxoxo njengoba abahlanganyeli behlangene esimisweni sokuqala. Besisendaweni yenkomfa ePacific Life ngonyaka wesi-5 I-Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop. Kubacwaningi abaningi, odokotela bezilwane, nongoti benqubomgomo, kungokokuqala ngqa bebonana kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Futhi abanye babebasha eshabhu, kodwa bengekho ensimini, futhi nabo bathola abangane bakudala. Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi ufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu lababambiqhaza abayi-175, ngemuva kokuqala ngabangama-77 nje onyakeni wokuqala.

I-Ocean Foundation iziqhenye ngokubambisana nalo mcimbi I-Pacific Life Foundation, futhi le workshop iqhubeka nesiko elihle lokunikeza amathuba okuxhumana nabanye abacwaningi, abasebenza emkhakheni ogwini lolwandle nasemanzini ngokuhlenga izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, kanye nedlanzana lalabo umsebenzi wabo wokuphila ohlanganisa izinqubomgomo nemithetho evikela izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. . U-Tennyson Oyler, uMongameli omusha we-Pacific Life Foundation, uvule i-workshop futhi ukufunda kwaqala.

Kwakukhona izindaba ezinhle. Inyamazane yasethekwini isibuyele eSan Francisco Bay okokuqala ngqa cishe emashumini ayisikhombisa eminyaka, iqashwe abacwaningi abasebenzisa ithuba lokuhlangana kwansuku zonke kwezinyamazane ezidla eduze neGolden Gate Bridge ngesikhathi solwandle. Ukucupha okungakaze kubonwe kwezingane ezingaba ngu-1600 zamabhubesi asolwandle entwasahlobo edlule kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuthi kuphindeke kulo nyaka. Ukuqonda okusha kokuhlanganiswa konyaka kwezinhlobo ezinkulu ezifudukayo njengemikhomo emikhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele kusekele inqubo esemthethweni yokucela izinguquko emizileni yemikhumbi e-Los Angeles nase-San Francisco phakathi nezinyanga ezilapho.

Ithimba lantambama laligxile ekusizeni ososayensi nabanye ochwepheshe bezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle baxoxe izindaba zabo ngempumelelo. Iphaneli yezokuxhumana ibihlanganisa abantu abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene kulo mkhakha. Isikhulumi sakusihlwa kwakunguDkt. Bernd Würsig ohlonishwayo nomkakhe abaphothule ucwaningo olwengeziwe, wafundisa abafundi abaningi, futhi wasekela imizamo eminingi yokwandisa umkhakha kunokuba ososayensi abaningi benesikhathi, ingasaphathwa eyokuvula ithuba, lokwenza.

Usuku lwangoMgqibelo kube wusuku oluphendule ukunaka kwethu odabeni oluseqhulwini ezingxoxweni eziningi mayelana nobudlelwano babantu nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle: udaba lokuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kufanele zigcinwe zivalelwe noma zifuywe ukuze zithunjwe, ngaphandle kwalezo zilwane ezihlengiwe. ilimele kakhulu ukuba ingasinda endle.

Isipikha sesidlo sasemini sihlanganise izikhathi zantambama: UDkt. Lori Marino ovela ku I-Kimmela Centre for Animal Advocacy kanye ne-Center for Ethics e-Emory University, ekhuluma ngendaba yokuthi izilwane zasolwandle ziyakhula yini lapho zivalelwe. Inkulumo yakhe ingafingqwa kumaphuzu alandelayo, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwakhe nolwazi olumholele esimisweni esikhulu sokuthi ama-cetaceans awachumi ekuthunjweni. Kungani?

Okokuqala, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zihlakaniphile, ziyazazi futhi zizimele. Bazimele emphakathini futhi bayinkimbinkimbi-bangakhetha izintandokazi phakathi kweqembu labo lezenhlalo.

Okwesibili, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kudingeka zinyakaze; ube nemvelo ehlukahlukene yomzimba; balawule izimpilo zabo futhi babe yingxenye yengqalasizinda yomphakathi.

Okwesithathu, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezithunjiwe zinezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Futhi, AKUKHO ukuthuthuka eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 yesipiliyoni sokufuywa kwezilwane.

Okwesine, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusendle noma ekuthunjweni, imbangela yokuqala yokufa ukutheleleka, futhi ekuthunjweni, ukutheleleka kuphakama ngokwengxenye ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka yamazinyo ekuthunjweni ngenxa yokuziphatha okuthunjwa kuphela okuholela ekutheni izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zihlafune (noma zizame ukuhlafuna. ) ezindongeni zensimbi nokhonkolo.

Okwesihlanu, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezivalelwe nazo zibonisa amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka, okuholela ekuvimbeleni amasosha omzimba nokufa kusenesikhathi.

Ukuziphatha kokuthunjwa akukona okwemvelo ezilwaneni. Izinhlobo zokuziphatha eziphoqelelwa ukuqeqeshwa kwezilwane zasolwandle ukuthi zenze emibukisweni zibonakala ziholela ezinhlotsheni zezingcindezi ezibangela ukuziphatha okungenzeki endle. Isibonelo akukho ukuhlaselwa okuqinisekisiwe kubantu ngama-orcas endle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphikisa ngokuthi sesivele siqhubekela ekunakekelweni okungcono nasekulawuleni ubudlelwano bethu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo eziguquke kakhulu ezinezinhlelo zokuxhumana eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye namaphethini okufuduka. Zimbalwa nezimbalwa izindlovu ezibukiswayo ema-zoo ngenxa yesidingo sazo sendawo enkulu nokuxhumana nabantu. Amanethiwekhi amaningi elabhorethri yocwaningo ayeke ukuhlola izimfene namanye amalungu omndeni wezinkawu.

Isiphetho sikaDkt Marino sasiwukuthi ukuthunjwa akusebenzi ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ikakhulukazi amahlengethwa nama-orcas. Wacaphuna uchwepheshe wezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle uDkt. Naomi Rose, owakhuluma kamuva ngalolo suku, ethi, “ubunzima [obucatshangelwa] basendle abuyona isizathu sokuthunjwa.”

Ithimba lantambama liphinde lakhuluma ngodaba lwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezivalelwe, ikakhulukazi ama-orcas namahlengethwa. Labo abakholelwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle akufanele neze zigcinwe zivalelwe baphikisa ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokumisa izinhlelo zokuzalanisa ezithunjiwe, kwenziwe isu lokunciphisa inani lezilwane ezithunjiwe, nokuyeka ukubanjwa kwezilwane ukuze zibukiswe noma ngezinye izinjongo. Baphikisa ngokuthi izinkampani zokuzijabulisa ezenza inzuzo zinesithakazelo esijulile ekukhuthazeni umbono wokuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezidlalayo nezinye ezibukisayo zingaphumelela ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukukhuthazwa, nendawo ezungezile. Ngokunjalo, i-aquaria ethenga izilwane ezisanda kubanjwa ezindaweni zasendle ezikude ne-United States zinesithakazelo esinjalo, kuyaphikiswa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezo zinhlangano nazo zifaka isandla esikhulu emzamweni ohlangene wokusiza ngesikhathi sokudonsa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ukuhlenga okudingekayo, kanye nocwaningo oluyisisekelo. Abanye abavikeli bekhono lokuxhumana kwezilwane ezincelisayo zangempela zomuntu nasolwandle baveza ukuthi izibaya zamahlengethwa ocwaningo lwasolwandle zivulekile ekugcineni kude nomhlaba. Ngokombono, amahlengethwa angahamba ngokukhululeka futhi akhethe ukungahambi—abacwaningi abawacwaningayo bakholelwa ukuthi amahlengethwa enze ukukhetha okucacile.

Ngokuvamile, kunezindawo ezibanzi zesivumelwano sangempela, naphezu kwezindawo ezithile zokungavumelani mayelana nokuboniswa, ukusebenza, kanye nenani lezihloko zocwaningo ezithunjiwe. Kuyavunywa ukuthi:
Lezi zilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu, izilwane eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinobuntu obuhlukene.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane noma zonke izilwane ezingazodwana ezifanele ukuboniswa, okufanele kuholele ekwelashweni okuhlukile (futhi mhlawumbe nokukhululwa) nakho.
Izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezahlenga ezivalelwe azikwazanga ukuphila endle ngenxa yokulimala okuholele ekutakulweni kwazo.
Sazi izinto nge-physiology yamahlengethwa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ngenxa yocwaningo lokuthumba ebesingeke silwazi ngenye indlela.
Umkhuba ubheke ezikhungweni ezimbalwa nezimbalwa ezinezilwane zasolwandle ezibukiswayo e-United States nase-European Union, futhi leyo mkhuba ingase iqhubeke, kodwa ixazululwa amaqoqo akhulayo ezilwane ezibukiswayo ezithunjiwe e-Asia.
Kunezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina izilwane ekuthunjweni okufanele zifane futhi ziphindaphindwe kuzo zonke izikhungo nokuthi umzamo wezemfundo kufanele ube nolaka, futhi uthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo njengoba sifunda kabanzi.
Izinhlelo kufanele zenziwe ezikhungweni eziningi ukuze kuqedwe ukusebenza komphakathi okuyimpoqo kwama-orcas, amahlengethwa, nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ngoba lokho kuyisidingo okungenzeka somphakathi kanye nabalawuli abasabelayo kuzo.

Kungaba ubuwula ukwenza sengathi izinhlangothi zombili zivumelana ngokwanele ukuze zifinyelele esixazululweni esilula sombuzo wokuthi amahlengethwa, ama-orcas, nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kufanele zigcinwe yini ekuthunjweni. Imizwa isebenza ngamandla mayelana nenani locwaningo oluthunjiwe kanye nokuboniswa esidlangalaleni ekulawuleni ubudlelwano bomuntu nabantu basendle. Imizwa ihamba ngamandla ngokulinganayo mayelana nezikhuthazo ezidalwe izikhungo ezithenga izilwane ezibanjwe zasendle, isisusa senzuzo kwezinye izikhungo, kanye nombuzo omsulwa wezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nokuthi izilwane zasendle ezihlakaniphile ezitholakala mahhala kufanele zibanjwe yini ezibayeni ezincane emaqenjini omphakathi angazikhethelanga wona, noma okubi nakakhulu, ekuthunjweni uwedwa.

Umphumela wengxoxo yomhlangano wawucacile: asikho isilinganiso esisodwa esilingana naso sonke isixazululo esingase sisetshenziswe. Mhlawumbe, nokho, singaqala lapho zonke izinhlangothi zivumelana khona futhi sidlulele endaweni lapho indlela esiphatha ngayo ucwaningo lwethu idinga ukuhlangana nokuqonda kwethu amalungelo omakhelwane bethu basolwandle. Ishabhu yaminyaka yonke yezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle isungule isisekelo sokuqondana ngisho nalapho ochwepheshe bezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle bengavumelani. Kungomunye wemiphumela emihle eminingi yomhlangano waminyaka yonke ngokuthi sinikwe amandla.

Kwa-The Ocean Foundation, sikhuthaza ukuvikelwa nokongiwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle futhi sisebenzela ukuhlonza izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphatha ubudlelwano babantu nalezi zidalwa ezinhle kakhulu ukuze sabe lezo zixazululo nomphakathi wezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke. I-Marine Mammal Fund yethu iyinqola engcono kakhulu yokweseka imizamo yethu yokwenza lokho.