I-Arctic: Isifunda Sezingxabano Ezizayo noma Ukubambisana

Kuleli sonto umkhumbi wokuqala wokuhamba ngomkhumbi waqala uhambo oluya e-Arctic, kuhlanganiswe nezihloko zezindaba ezimemezela izinga eliphansi leqhwa lasolwandle i-Arctic elirekhodiwe eminyakeni engu-125 edlule. Uhambo ngomkhumbi lwamasonto amathathu ludinga ukweqa okukhulu ngezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu—e-Arctic, ludinga izinyanga zokuhlela nokubonisana nonogada basogwini baseMelika nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokungcoliswa komsindo neminye imithelela, imikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi ayibonakali iyindaba engase idale ukungqubuzana kwesikhathi esizayo njengoba amanzi e-Arctic efudumele-kodwa ukulindela ukungqubuzana nokufuna ukuyixazulula kusenesikhathi kungenye yezinhloso ze-Arctic Council. . Ngicele ilungu lethu Lebhodi u-Bill Eichbaum onguchwepheshe ezindabeni ze-Arctic futhi ozibandakanye ngokugcwele nenqubo yoMkhandlu we-Arctic ukuthi abelane ngemicabango yakhe.

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Phakathi kwemithelela emangalisa kakhulu yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ukushintsha kwe-Arctic, okuhlanganisa ukuncibilika okungakaze kubonwe kweqhwa neqhwa, ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele emhlabeni wonke kanye nezinsongo emaphethini amadala endlela yokuphila yabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba i-Arctic ifinyeleleka kalula futhi ukoma komhlaba wonke kwemithombo yemvelo kuqhubeka, kukhona ukuxhamazela ukuxhaphaza izinsiza zesifunda.

Imithombo yezindaba edumile ibizimisele ukuphakamisa umcabango wokungqubuzana okungenzeka phakathi kwezizwe njengoba leli gagasi elisha lokuxhashazwa kwezinsiza likhula ngesivinini. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuye kwaba kubi nakakhulu njengoba kunyukile ukungezwani phakathi kwamazwe e-NATO neRussia mayelana ne-Ukraine nezinye izindaba ze-geo-politiki. Futhi, empeleni, kunezibonelo ezimbalwa zamazwe ase-Arctic akhulisa ubukhona bezempi ezindaweni zawo ze-Arctic.

Kodwa-ke, ngikholelwa ukuthi i-Arctic mancane amathuba okuthi iqhume ibe indawo entsha yezingxabano njengoba amazwe ephishekela ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunezimo ezimbalwa zokungqubuzana ngendawo yangempela nebaluleke kakhulu ehlanganisa i-Canada ne-United States ne-Denmark kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimangalo eziphawuleka kakhulu zaseRussia mayelana nolwandle lwase-Arctic ziphakathi kwemizamo yezizwe eziningi zase-Arctic yokwenza izimangalo ezifanayo. Konke lokhu kuncike ekunqumeni nasekuxazululeni ngokulandela izinhlinzeko ze-UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Kuyaxaka ukuthi ukwehluleka kwe-United States ukuvuma lo mhlangano kusho ukuthi ngokusobala asikwazi ukuphelelisa lezi zicelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngisho nesifunda sase-Arctic esifinyeleleka kalula sizoqhubeka sibe yindawo eyingozi nenzima lapho kwenziwa khona imisebenzi yezomnotho eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene lokhu kusho ukubambisana kukahulumeni ekubuseni kubalulekile ukuze kuhlinzekwe inkundla ukuze umsebenzi onjalo uqhubekele phambili ngendlela egcina imvelo, inhlalo kanye nezomnotho.   

Kusukela ngo-1996, i-Arctic Council enamazwe ayisishiyagalombili ase-Arctic, ababambiqhaza ngokugcwele abamele abantu bomdabu, kanye nezibukeli bekulokhu kuyisizinda sokuthuthukisa isayensi edingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nale nselele. Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaHulumeni wase-US, njengamanje onguSihlalo woMkhandlu, i-Task Force icubungula izinyathelo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izincomo zoMkhandlu ziyasetshenziswa. Phakathi ku iphepha lamuva eshicilelwe i-Polar Record I ikhulume ngezindaba ezibalulekile zokuqinisa ukubusa kwe-Arctic, ikakhulukazi endaweni yasolwandle. Ngalesi sikhathi amazwe ase-Arctic, kuhlanganise neRussia, ahlola kahle izinketho zokufeza lokho kubambisana.

Kuleli hlobo umkhumbi wezivakashi onabagibeli abangaphezu kwenkulungwane unqamula i-Arctic yaseCanada, okuhlanganisa nokudabula olwandle lapho umkhumbi ingxenye yeshumi yalowo bukhulu usanda kushayisa, idinga ukukhishwa kwabo bonke abagibeli nabasebenzi. Ngemuva kwehlobo lika-2012 uShell wahoxisa ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrocarbon yesikhathi esizayo oLwandle iBering neChukchi kulandela izingozi eziningi nokugeja, kodwa intuthuko iyaqhubeka kwenye indawo e-Arctic. Ngisho namanje, imikhumbi yamanzi ekude ilokhu ilokhu ibheke enyakatho ijahe izinhlanzi. Ngaphandle uma amazwe ase-Arctic engathuthukisa izindlela eziqinile zokubambisana ekubuseni kwesifunda, lezi kanye neminye imisebenzi izolimaza umhlaba wemvelo njengoba kuye kwenzeka kwezinye izindawo. Ngokubambisana okuqinile, zingasimama hhayi nje ezinsizeni zemvelo zesifunda kodwa nakubantu base-Arctic.