Usuku lwe-Vaquita

The inkomo encane isicishe yashabalala.

Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi lezi zinhlobo manje zibalelwa ku-60 futhi zincipha ngokushesha. Asazi ukwakheka kweminyaka/ubulili babantu abasele futhi, ikakhulukazi, asazi inani labesifazane namandla abo okuzala. Uma inani labantu elisele lihlanganisa abesilisa abaningi noma abesifazane abadala kunalokhu obekulindelekile (noma obekulindelwe), khona-ke isimo sohlobo lwezilwane siba sibi nakakhulu kunengqikithi yenani elibonisayo.

Ukuphathwa nokuqapha kwezindawo zokudoba okungenampumelelo.

Ama-Gillnets, asetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni nangokungekho emthethweni, acekele phansi isibalo sama-vaquita. Imboni yokudoba ngezimfanzi eziluhlaza (esemthethweni) kanye ne-totoaba (manje engekho emthethweni) yenze umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu; ndawonye, ​​babulale amakhulukhulu - futhi kungenzeka ukuthi babulale izinkulungwane - ze-vaquita kusukela uhlobo lwachazwa ngokwesayensi ngeminyaka yawo-1950. 

Kuye kwenziwa imizamo ethile ewusizo yokubuyisela lezi zilwane, kodwa izinyathelo ezinjalo ziye zehluleka ngokungaguquki ukunikeza isivikelo esigcwele esidingekayo. Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule i-Mexico yabiza ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lokutakula i-vaquita (CIRVA) futhi, kusukela ngombiko wayo wokuqala, i-CIRVA isincome ngokungaguquki ukuthi uhulumeni waseMexico asuse indawo ehlala i-vaquita yama-gillnets. Ngaphandle kwemizamo eyahlukene eyenziwe, ukudoba okusemthethweni ngama-gillnet kusaqhubeka ku-finfish (isb, i-curvina), ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kwama-gillnet sekuphinde kwagcwala e-totoaba, kanti ama-gillnet alahlekile noma “ayisipoki” nawo angase abulale i-vaquita. Ukungaqiniseki ngezinga lomonakalo owenziwe ama-gillnets kubangelwa ukuthi uhulumeni waseMexico akanalo uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuqapha i-vaquita bycatch kule mboni yokudoba. Ososayensi kudingeke ukuthi balinganise izinga lokufa kwe-vaquita ocwaningweni olwenziwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 kanye nolwazi lwe-anecdotal lwezikhathi ezithile. 

Ukuhluleka/ukulahlekelwa ngamathuba yi-Mexico, i-US, ne-China.

Uhulumeni waseMexico kanye nemboni yokudoba nabo bahlulekile ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokudoba (isb., amanethi amancane), naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isidingo sezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo besibonakala okungenani iminyaka engamashumi amabili futhi ezinye zisetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe. Leyo mizamo iye yavinjwa ukuhlolwa ngesizini engafanele, ivinjwa ukuminyana kwamanethi e-gill ezindaweni zocwaningo, futhi ngokuvamile ibukelwa phansi ukungasebenzi kahle koMnyango Wezokudoba, i-CONAPESCA. 

Uhulumeni wase-US unikele ngosekelo lwesayensi olubalulekile ekuhloleni inani labantu base-vaquita futhi uye wasiza ekucwengeni amagiya amancane okudonsa ngodobo ukuze asetshenziswe enyakatho yeGulf of California. Kodwa-ke, i-US ithenga kwamanye amazwe iningi lezimfanzi eziluhlaza ezibanjwe endaweni ye-vaquita futhi, yehlulekile ukukhawulela ukungeniswa kwezimfanzi eziluhlaza, njengoba kudingwa ngaphansi kwe-Marine Mammal Protection Act. Ngakho-ke, i-US nayo inecala ngesimo sokwehla se-vaquita.

I-China nayo inecala ngenxa yemakethe yayo ye-totoaba swim bladders. Kodwa-ke, ukululama kwe-vaquita akukwazi ukumiswa embonweni wokuthi iChina izomisa lokho kuhweba. I-China sekuyisikhathi eside ihluleka ukukhombisa ukuthi ingalawula ukuhwebelana ngezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala. Ukumisa ukuhweba kwe-totoaba okungekho emthethweni kuzodinga ukuyihlasela emthonjeni wayo. 

Ilondoloza i-vaquita.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ziye zalulama ezinombolweni ezifanayo eziphansi futhi siyakwazi ukubuyisela ukwehla kwe-vaquita. Umbuzo ophambi kwethu uthi “Ingabe sinawo amagugu nesibindi sokuqalisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo?”

Impendulo isalokhu ingacacile.

Ngo-April 2015 uMongameli u-Nieto waseMexico wasebenzisa ukuvinjelwa kweminyaka emibili kwama-gillnets endaweni yamanje ye-vaquita, kodwa lokho kuvinjelwa kuzophelelwa yisikhathi ngo-April 2017. Izokwenzani iMexico ngaleso sikhathi? Izokwenzani i-US? Okukhethwa kukho okuyinhloko kubonakala kuwu (1) ukusebenzisa nokuphoqelela ukuvinjelwa okuphelele, unomphela kwakho konke ukudoba ngama-gillnet kulo lonke uhla lwe-vaquita kanye nokususa wonke amanetha okudoba izipoki, kanye (2) nokubamba i-vaquita ethile ukuze kongiwe abantu abathunjiwe abangase isetshenziselwe ukwakha kabusha abantu basendle.

Embikweni wayo wakamuva (wesi-7), i-CIRVA ithi, okokuqala, lezi zilwane kufanele zigcinwe endle. Isizathu salo siwukuthi inani labantu basendle libalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwezilwane kanye nokongiwa kwendawo yazo. Siyazwelana naleyo mpikiswano ngoba, ingxenye enkulu, ihloselwe ukuphoqa abenzi bezinqumo base-Mexico ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezinesibindi okuxoxwe ngazo, kodwa ezingalandelwanga kahle, amashumi eminyaka. Ukunquma kwezikhulu eziphezulu zaseMexico kanye nokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo koMbutho Wasolwandle waseMexico, osekelwa u-Sea Shepherd, kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenzisa le nketho. 

Kodwa-ke, uma okwedlule kuyisibikezelo esingcono kakhulu sekusasa, khona-ke ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo zezilwane kubonisa ukuthi i-Mexico ngeke isebenzise ngokuphumelelayo futhi igcine ukuvinjelwa okuphelele ngesikhathi ukuze kusindiswe lezi zinhlobo. Uma kunjalo, isu elingcono kakhulu libonakala kuwukubiyela ukubheja kwethu ngokuthumba i-vaquita. 

Ukonga abantu abathunjiwe.

Isibalo sabantu abathunjiwe singcono kunokungabikho. Inani labantu abathunjiwe liyisisekelo sethemba, elilinganiselwe noma lilinganiselwe.

Ukuthunjwa kwe-vaquita kuzoba umsebenzi omkhulu odinga ukuthi sinqobe izinselelo nezidingo eziningi, okuhlanganisa nokuxhaswa ngezimali; indawo kanye nokuthunjwa okungenani inombolo encane yalezi zilwane ezingatholakali kalula; ukuthutha ukuya kanye nezindlu endaweni evalelwe noma endaweni encane, evikelekile yasolwandle; ukusebenzelana nezisebenzi ezingcono kakhulu zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye nezokufuya kanye nempahla edingekayo kanye nemishini; ukufinyelela kumalabhorethri okuxilonga; ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kwabathunjiwe; izindawo zokugcina ezinamandla namandla efriji; ukuphepha kwe-vaquita kanye nabasebenzi bezilwane/abafuyi; kanye nokwesekwa okuvela endaweni. Lokhu kungaba umzamo othi "Hail, Mary" - kunzima, kodwa akunakwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, umbuzo ophambi kwethu awukaze ube ukuthi singakwazi yini ukusindisa i-vaquita, kodwa ukuthi sizokhetha yini ukwenza kanjalo.