Ulwandle luhlushwa yi-Hypercapnia

Ngachitha ekuqaleni kuka-May ngiseVan Diemen's Land, ikoloni lokujezisa elasungulwa iGreat Britain ngo-1803. Namuhla, yaziwa ngokuthi iTasmania, elinye lamakoloni okuqala ayisithupha elaba izwe e-Australia yanamuhla. Njengoba ungase ucabange, umlando wale ndawo umnyama futhi uphazamisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwabonakala kuyindawo efanelekile yokuhlangana nokukhuluma ngokwesaba okuququdayo, isifo esesabekayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-acidification yolwandle.

Ososayensi abangu-330 abavela emhlabeni wonke babuthana oLwandle Olune-quadrennial ku-High CO2 World Symposium, eyayisenhloko-dolobha yaseTasmania, eHobart, kusukela ngoMeyi 3 kuya kuMeyi 6. umphumela olwandle yingxoxo emayelana ne-acidification yolwandle.  I-pH yangemuva yolwandle iyehla—futhi imiphumela ingalinganiswa yonke indawo. Engqungqutheleni, ososayensi banikeze izethulo ezingama-218 futhi babelana ngamaphosta angu-109 ukuchaza lokho okwaziwayo mayelana ne-acidification yolwandle, kanye nalokho okufundwayo mayelana nokusebenzelana kwakho okunqwabelanayo nezinye izinto ezicindezela olwandle.

I-acidity yolwandle inyuke cishe ngama-30% esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-100.

Lokhu ukukhula okusheshayo kakhulu eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-300; futhi ishesha izikhathi ezingama-20 kunomcimbi wakamuva wokwenza i-asidi osheshayo, owenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-56 edlule ngesikhathi sePaleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Ukushintsha kancane kuvumela ukujwayela. Ushintsho olusheshayo alunikezi isikhathi noma isikhala sokuzijwayeza noma ukuguquguquka kwebhayoloji kwe-ecosystem nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, noma imiphakathi yabantu encike empilweni yalezo zindawo zemvelo.

Lona bekuwuLwandle lwesine ku-High CO2 World Symposium. Kusukela emhlanganweni wokuqala ngo-2000, uchungechunge luye lwathuthuka kusukela embuthanweni ukuze kwabelwane ngesayensi yokuqala mayelana nokuthi yini futhi kuphi ye-acidification yolwandle. Manje, umbuthano uqinisekisa kabusha indikimba yobufakazi obukhulayo mayelana nezisekelo zokushintshwa kwamakhemikhali olwandle, kodwa ugxile kakhulu ekuhloleni nasekuvezeni imithelela eyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo nezenhlalo. Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo ekuqondeni i-acidification yolwandle, manje sesibheka umthelela wokuphila nokuziphatha we-acidification yolwandle ezinhlotsheni zezilwane, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwale mithelela nezinye izingcindezi zolwandle, nokuthi le miphumela ishintsha kanjani i-ecosystem futhi ithinte ukuhlukahluka kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi. ezindaweni ezihlala olwandle.

Ngibheka lo mhlangano njengesibonelo esihle kakhulu sokubambisana ekuphenduleni inkinga engibe nelungelo lokuya kuyo. Imihlangano icebile ngobungane nokusebenzisana—mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuhlanganyela kwabesifazane nabesilisa abaningi abasebasha ensimini. Lo mhlangano nawo awujwayelekile ngoba baningi abantu besifazane abasebenza ezindimeni zobuholi futhi bavela ohlwini lwezikhulumi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenziwa icala lokuthi umphumela ube ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwesayensi nokuqonda le nhlekelele eyenzeka. Ososayensi baye bama emahlombe omunye nomunye futhi basheshisa ukuqonda komhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisana, ukunciphisa izimpi ze-turf, ukuncintisana, kanye nokuboniswa kokuzazisa.

Ngokudabukisayo, umuzwa omuhle obangelwa ubungane nokubamba iqhaza okuphawulekayo kososayensi abasebasha uhluke ngokuphelele ezindabeni ezicindezelayo. Ososayensi bethu bayaqinisekisa ukuthi isintu sibhekene nenhlekelele yezilinganiso ezinkulu.

Ukuqina kolwandle

1. Umphumela wokufaka amagigathoni ayi-10 ekhabhoni olwandle unyaka ngamunye

2. Inokwehlukahlukana kwesizini kanye nendawo kanye ne-photosynthesis yokuphefumula

3. Ishintsha ikhono lolwandle lokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo

4. Icindezela ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba ezilwane zasolwandle zezinhlobo eziningi

5. Ikhuphula izindleko zamandla ukwenza amagobolondo nezakhiwo zamatshe

6. Ishintsha ukudluliswa komsindo emanzini

7. Ithinta izimpawu zokunuka ezenza izilwane zithole inyamazane, zizivikele, futhi ziphile

8. Yehlisa kokubili izinga kanye nokunambitheka kokudla ngenxa yokusebenzisana okukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi

9. Kubhebhethekisa izindawo ze-hypoxic neminye imiphumela yemisebenzi yabantu

I-Ocean acidification kanye nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuzosebenza ekhonsathini nezinye izingcindezi ze-anthropogenic. Sisaqala ukuqonda ukuthi ukusebenzelana okungaba khona kuzobukeka kanjani. Isibonelo, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwe-hypoxia kanye ne-acidification yolwandle kwenza ukukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini asogwini kube kubi kakhulu.

Nakuba i-acidification yolwandle iyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, impilo yasogwini izothinteka kabi ngenxa ye-acidity yolwandle kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke idatha yendawo iyadingeka ukuze kuchazwe futhi kwaziswe ukujwayela kwendawo. Ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yendawo kusivumela ukuthi sithuthukise ikhono lethu lokubikezela ukushintsha kolwandle ngezikali eziningi, bese silungisa izakhiwo zokuphatha nenqubomgomo ukuze kubhekwane nezingcindezi zendawo ezingaba zibhebhethekise imiphumela ye-pH ephansi.

Kunezinselele ezinkulu ekubhekeni i-acidification yolwandle: ukuhlukahluka kokushintsha kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi nendawo, okungahlangana nezingcindezi eziningi futhi kuphumele ekuxilongweni okuningi okungenzeka. Uma sihlanganisa abashayeli abaningi, futhi senza ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze sinqume ukuthi baqongelela futhi bahlanganyele kanjani, siyazi ukuthi iphuzu lokuphetha (ukucupha ukushabalala) kungenzeka libe ngaphezu kokuhlukahluka okuvamile, futhi lisheshe kunamandla wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kokunye okuningi. izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, izingcindezi eziningi zisho ingozi eyengeziwe yokuwa kwe-ecosystem. Ngenxa yokuthi amajika okusebenza okusinda kwezinhlobo awafani, amathiyori e-ecology kanye ne-ecotoxicology azodingeka womabili.

Ngakho-ke, ukubhekwa kwe-acidification yolwandle kufanele kuklanywe ukuhlanganisa ubunkimbinkimbi besayensi, abashayeli abaningi, ukuhlukahluka kwendawo kanye nesidingo sochungechunge lwesikhathi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okunembile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-multidimensional (okubheka izinga lokushisa, umoya-mpilo, i-pH, njll.) okunamandla amaningi okuqagela kufanele kuthandwe ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqonda okwengeziwe.

Ukuqapha okwandisiwe nakho kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uguquko lwenzeka ngokushesha kunokuba isayensi ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ekuqondeni kokubili uguquko kanye nomthelela walo ezinhlelweni zendawo nezesifunda. Ngakho-ke, kufanele samukele iqiniso lokuthi sizokwenza izinqumo ngaphansi kokungaqiniseki. Okwamanje, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi indlela (yokungazisoli) yokuqina ingaba uhlaka lokubumba izimpendulo ezingokoqobo emiphumeleni engalungile yezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo ye-acidification yolwandle. Lokhu kudinga amasistimu acabange ngendlela yokuthi singakhomba izixazululi ezaziwayo nama-accelerator, kuyilapho sithuthukisa izinciphisi ezaziwayo nezimpendulo eziguquguqukayo. Kudingeka siqalise ukwakhiwa kwamandla okujwayela endaweni; kanjalo sakhe isiko lokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Isiko elikhuthaza ukubambisana ekwakhiweni kwenqubomgomo, ukudala izimo ezizovumela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi kutholwe izisusa ezifanele.

Siyazi ukuthi izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu zingadala izikhuthazo ezinjalo zokubambisana kwezimali zomphakathi kanye nezimiso ezinhle zokuziphatha zomphakathi. Sesiyabona ukuthi i-acidification yolwandle iyinhlekelele eqhuba umphakathi uzibuse, oxhumene nokubambisana, okuvumela izimo zomphakathi kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi ukuze zivumelane nezimo. E-US, sinezibonelo eziningi zezimpendulo ekufakweni kwe-asidi olwandle ezaswe ososayensi nabenzi bezinqubomgomo ezingeni likahulumeni, futhi silwela okwengeziwe.

Njengesibonelo sesu elithile, elisebenzisanayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kukhona ukuhlangabezana nenselele ye-hypoxia eqhutshwa abantu ngokubhekana nemithombo esekelwe emhlabeni yezakhi zomsoco kanye nokungcola kwemvelo. Imisebenzi enjalo inciphisa ukunothiswa kwezakhi, okukhuthaza amazinga aphezulu okuphefumula kwe-biological de-oxygenation). Singakwazi futhi ukukhipha isikhutha esiningi emanzini asogwini ngokusebenzisa ukutshala nokuvikela izimfunda zasolwandle, amahlathi omhlume, nezitshalo zasemanzini anosawoti.  Yomibili le misebenzi ingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi endawo ngomzamo wokwakha ukusimama kwesistimu iyonke, kuyilapho inikeza ezinye izinzuzo eziningi kokubili kokuziphilisa kwasogwini nempilo yasolwandle.

Yini enye esingayenza? Singaqikelela futhi sikhuthale ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izifunda zasePacific nezisolwandle zingasekelwa emizamweni yokunciphisa ukungcola nokudoba ngokweqile. Ngaleso sizathu, amandla okuthi ukugcwala kwe-asidi olwandle kube nomthelela omubi ekukhiqizeni okuyisisekelo kolwandle esikhathini esizayo kumele kufakwe emigomeni yethu kazwelonke yezokudoba izolo.

Sinesibopho sokuziphatha, imvelo, nezomnotho ukuze sinciphise ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ama-Critters nabantu bancike olwandle olunempilo, futhi imiphumela yemisebenzi yabantu olwandle isivele ibangele ukulimala okukhulu empilweni ngaphakathi. Ngokukhulayo, abantu nabo bayizisulu zoshintsho lwe-ecosystem esiludalayo.

Umhlaba wethu ophezulu we-CO2 usuvele ukhona hlapha.  

Ososayensi bayavumelana ngemiphumela emibi yokuqhubeka nokuba ne-asidi emanzini olwandle. Bavumelana mayelana nobufakazi obusekela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela engemihle izokhuliswa yizicindezelo ezifanayo ezivela emisebenzini yabantu. Kukhona isivumelwano sokuthi kunezinyathelo ezingathathwa kuwo wonke amazinga ezikhuthaza ukuqina nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. 

Ngamafuphi, isayensi ikhona. Futhi sidinga ukwandisa ukuqapha kwethu ukuze sikwazi ukwazisa izinqumo zendawo. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi yini okudingeka siyenze. Kufanele nje sithole intando yepolitiki yokwenza lokho.