Yini I-Drones Ihlangene Nezimfudu Zasolwandle?

Ibhalwe nguCarla García Zendejas

NgoSepthemba 15 ngenkathi iningi labantu baseMexico liqala ukugubha uSuku Lwenkululeko yethu abanye bathatheka komunye umcimbi omkhulu; inkathi yokufuya izimfanzi yaqala ogwini lwaseMexico lwasePacific. Abadobi baseMazatlan kanye neTobolobampo yaseSinaloa baqale ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele isizini yalo nyaka. Njengenjwayelo, imisebenzi yokudoba izobhekwa yizikhulu zikahulumeni, kodwa kulokhu zizosebenzisa ama-drones ukuqapha imikhuba yokudoba ngokungemthetho.

I-Secretariat of Agriculture, Imfuyo, Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya, Izinhlanzi kanye Nokudla (i-SAGARPA ngesifinyezo sayo) isebenzisa indiza enophephela emhlane, indiza encane futhi manje isebenzisa indiza engenamuntu ukuze indize phezu kwemikhumbi yokudoba emzamweni wokuvimbela ukubanjwa okungahleliwe. wezimfudu zasolwandle.

Kusukela ngo-1993 izikebhe ezifusha izimfanzi zaseMexico kuye kwadingeka ukuthi zifake ama-Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) emanethini azo aklanyelwe ukunciphisa futhi ngethemba lokuqeda ukufa kofudu lwasolwandle. Yilezo zikebhe kuphela ezidla izimfanzi ezinama-TED afakwe kahle ezingathola isitifiketi esidingekayo ukuze zihambe. Umthetho waseMexico ovikela ngokukhethekile izimfudu zasolwandle ngokusebenzisa ama-TEDs ukugwema ukubanjwa ngokungakhethi kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane uye wathuthukiswa ngokusetshenziswa kokuqapha ngesathelayithi iminyaka eminingana.

Nakuba amakhulu abadobi bathole ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukufaka amanetha nemikhumbi yabo ngendlela efanele, abanye abakagunyazwa. Labo abadoba ngaphandle kwezitifiketi badoba ngokungemthetho futhi kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka okukhulu.

Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezimfanzi kumele imboni yezigidigidi zamadola eMexico. Ngonyaka odlule amathani angu-28,117 268 ezimfanzi athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe anenzuzo eqoshiwe engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1. Imboni yezimfanzi ikleliswe endaweni yokuqala kuyo yonke imali engenayo kanye neyesithathu ekukhiqizweni ngemva kwesardine ne-tuna.

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ukuthwebula nokuqapha izikebhe ezifusha izimfanzi ngasogwini lwase-Sinaloa kubonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuphoqelela, kubonakala sengathi i-SAGARPA izodinga ama-drones amaningi kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ukuze baqondise kahle iGulf of California kanye nogu lwaseMexico lwasePacific.

Njengoba uhulumeni egxile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yokudoba eMexico abadobi bayakungabaza ukwesekwa okuphelele kwemboni yokudoba. Sekuyiminyaka abadobi begcizelela ukuthi izindleko zokudoba olwandle olujulile eMexico ziya ngokuya zincipha phakathi nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kadizili kanye nesamba sezindleko zokuhambisa umkhumbi. Amaqembu okudoba ahlangene ukuze anxenxe umengameli ngqo ngalesi simo. Lapho izindleko zikaseyili wokuqala wesizini zicishe zibe ngama-dollar angu-89,000 isidingo sokuthola izinhlanzi eziningi ezibanjiwe zisinda kakhulu kubadobi.

Izimo zezulu ezifanele, amanzi anothile kanye nophethiloli owanele kubalulekile ekudobeni kokuqala kwesizini okuvame ukuba ukuphela kohambo lwezikebhe zokudoba. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-shrimp kumelela imboni kazwelonke ebalulekile kodwa abadobi bendawo babhekana nengcindezi esobala yezomnotho ukuze baphile. Iqiniso lokuthi kufanele futhi bahambisane neziqondiso ezithile ukuze bagweme ukuthunjwa kofudu lwasolwandle olusengozini ngezinye izikhathi luwela eceleni kwendlela. Ngamandla alinganiselwe okuqapha kanye nabasebenzi, izinqubomgomo ze-SAGARPA zokuqinisekisa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe kungenzeka kunganele.

Isikhuthazo salolu hlobo lokuqapha ama-drone obuchwepheshe obuphezulu cishe senzeka lapho i-US imisa ukungeniswa kwezimfanzi zasendle ezivela e-Mexico ngo-March ka-2010 ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwemishini yokukhipha ufudu. Nakuba kwakuyinani elilinganiselwe labadobi bezimfanzi okuthiwa babamba izimfudu zasolwandle benganakile kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu embonini. Ngokungangabazeki abaningi bakhumbula ukuvinjelwa kwango-1990 okwabekwa ku-tuna yaseMexico ngenxa yezinsolo zokudotshwa kwamahlengethwa amaningi ngenxa yokudoba i-purse seine. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-tuna kwathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa kubangela imiphumela elimazayo embonini yokudoba yaseMexico kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinkulungwane zemisebenzi. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nantathu kamuva izimpi ezingokomthetho mayelana nemikhawulo yezohwebo, izindlela zokudoba kanye nokulebula amahlengethwa aphephile ziyaqhubeka phakathi kweMexico ne-US Le mpi ye-tuna isaqhubeka nakuba ukudotshwa kwamahlengethwa eMexico kwehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ngenxa yezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuphoqelela kanye nezinqubo zokudoba ezithuthukisiwe. .

Ngenkathi ukuvinjelwa kuka-2010 kwezimfanzi zasendle kwasuswa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva uMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika kwaphumela ngokusobala ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokubanjwa kofudu lwasolwandle yiziphathimandla zaseMexico, ngokuqinisekile akekho owayefuna ukubona umlando uziphinda. Okuxakayo ukuthi i-US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) yahoxisa umthethonqubo odinga ama-TED kuzo zonke izikebhe ze-trawl shrimp eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States ngoNovemba wonyaka odlule. Sisazabalaza ukuzuza lokho kulinganisela okungaqondakali phakathi kwabantu, iplanethi kanye nenzuzo. Nokho sazi kakhudlwana, sizibandakanye kakhudlwana futhi sinobuhlakani ngokwengeziwe ekutholeni izixazululo kunangaphambili.

Asikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokusebenzisa indlela yokucabanga esasiyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sizidala. A. Einstein

UCarla García Zendejas ungummeli owaziwayo wezemvelo ovela eTijuana, eMexico. Ulwazi lwakhe kanye nombono wakhe luvela emsebenzini wakhe omkhulu wezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe nezikazwelonke ezindabeni zezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho nezemvelo. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule uzuze impumelelo eminingi emacaleni abandakanya ingqalasizinda yezamandla, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ubulungiswa bezemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemithetho kahulumeni yokubeka izinto obala. Unikeze izishoshovu amandla ngolwazi olubucayi lokulwa nokulimaza imvelo kanye namatheminali egesi yemvelo ewuketshezi engaba yingozi e-Peninsula yase-Baja California, e-US naseSpain. UCarla uneziqu zeMasters in Law azithola eWashington College of Law e-American University. Njengamanje uCarla uzinze eWashington, DC lapho esebenza khona njengomeluleki nezinhlangano zezemvelo zamazwe ngamazwe.