Iyini Inhlanzi Eqhubekayo? Amaphutha Ezinhlelo Ezikhona Zokuqinisekisa Ukudla Kwasolwandle

nguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-The Ocean Foundation
kanye no-Ken Stump, Umlingani Wenqubomgomo Yasolwandle e-The Ocean Foundation
Ephendula "Eminye imibuzo yokuthi ukudla kwasolwandle okuzinzile kuyasifeza isithembiso sako" nguJuliet Elperin. IWashington Post (April 22, 2012)

Isihloko esifike ngesikhathi sikaJuliet Eilperin ("Abanye bayangabaza ukuthi ukudla kwasolwandle okusimeme kuyafeza isithembiso sakho" nguJuliet Elperin. The Washington Post. Ephreli 22, 2012) mayelana nokushiyeka kwezinhlelo ezikhona zokunikeza izitifiketi zokudla kwasolwandle wenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokugqamisa ukudideka okubhekene nabathengi lapho befuna “ukwenza okufanele” olwandle. Lawa malebula e-eco ahlose ukuhlonza izinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa ulwazi oludukisayo lunganikeza kokubili abathengisi bezilwane zasolwandle nabathengi umqondo ongamanga wokuthi ukuthenga kwabo kungenza umehluko. Njengoba ucwaningo olucashunwe esihlokweni lubonisa, ukusimama njengoba kuchazwe izindlela zikaFroese kukhombisa:

• Ku-11% (Marine Stewardship Council-MSC) kuya ku-53% (Umngane Wolwandle-FOS) wamasheya aqinisekisiwe, ulwazi olukhona belunganele ukwenza isinqumo mayelana nesimo sesitoko noma izinga lokuxhashazwa (Umfanekiso 1).
• U-19% (FOS) kuya ku-31% (MSC) wezitoko ezinedatha etholakalayo zadotshwa ngokweqile futhi njengamanje zingaphansi kokudoba ngokweqile (Umfanekiso 2).
• Ku-21% wamasheya aqinisekiswe yi-MSC okwakukhona kuwo izinhlelo zokuphatha ezisemthethweni, ukudoba ngokweqile kwaqhubeka naphezu kokuthola izitifiketi.

Isitifiketi se-MSC cishe siyisiphetho esabikezelwa kulabo abangakwazi ukusikhokhela - ngaphandle kokubheka isimo sezinhlanzi ezibanjwayo. Uhlelo lapho abadobi abanezimali abakwazi “ukuthenga” khona isitifiketi ngeke bathathelwe phezulu. Ukwengeza, izindleko ezinkulu zokuthola isitifiketi zinkulu izindleko zezindawo eziningi zokudoba ezizinze emphakathini, ezibavimbela ukuba babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokulebula i-eco-labeling. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, njenge-Morocco, lapho izinsiza ezibalulekile ziphambukiswa ekuphathweni okuphelele kwezindawo zokudoba ziye ekutshalweni kwezimali, noma ukuthenga nje, ilebula le-eco.

Ngokuhambisana nokuqapha okungcono nokuqiniswa komthetho, ukuhlolwa kwesitoko esithuthukisiwe kanye nokuphathwa okubheke phambili okucubungula imithelela yendawo yokuhlala kanye nemvelo, ukuqinisekiswa kwezilwane zasolwandle kungaba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokukhulisa ukwesekwa kwabathengi embonini yokudoba ephethwe ngokuzibophezela. Umonakalo ovela kumalebula adukisayo akuwona nje umkhakha wokudoba—ululaza ikhono labathengi lokukhetha ukwaziswa futhi bavote ngezikhwama zabo ukuze basekele imboni yokudoba ephethwe kahle. Kungani-ke abathengi kufanele bavume ukukhokhela izinhlanzi okukholakala ukuthi zibanjwe ngendlela efanele ekubeni zifaka uphethiloli emlilweni ngokungena ezindaweni zokudoba ezixhashazwe ngokweqile?

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iphepha langempela lika-Froese nozakwabo abacashunwe ngu-Eilperin lichaza izinhlanzi njengezidotshwa ngokweqile uma i-biomass yesitoko ingaphansi kwezinga elithathwa njengelikhiqiza isivuno esimeme esiphezulu (esichazwa ngokuthi i-Bmsy), esiqine kakhulu kunomthetho wamanje wase-US. ejwayelekile. Ezindaweni zokudoba zase-US, isitokwe ngokuvamile sithathwa “njengesidotshwe ngokweqile” lapho i-biomass yesitoko iwela ngaphansi kwe-1/2 Bmsy. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezindawo zokudoba zase-US zizohlukaniswa njengezidotshwa ngokweqile kusetshenziswa izinga lika-Froese elisekelwe ku-FAO ku-Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (1995). QAPHELA: uhlelo lwangempela lokushaya amagoli olusetshenziswa uFroese luvezwe kuThebula 1 lephepha labo:

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi inani elifanelekile lezindawo zokudoba zase-US ziyaqhubeka nokuba nokudoba ngokweqile nakuba ukudoba ngokweqile kuvinjelwe ngokomthetho. Isifundo siwukuthi ukuqapha njalo nokuqapha ukusebenza kwemboni yokudoba kubalulekile ukuze ubone ukuthi noma yimaphi kulawa mazinga ayafinyelelwa ngempela - ayaqinisekiswa noma cha.

Izinhlelo zokunikeza izitifiketi azinawo amandla okulawula angempela ezinhlanganweni ezilawula izindawo zokudoba. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kohlobo olunikezwa uFroese noProelb kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izindawo zokudoba ezinezitifiketi zisebenza ngendlela ekhangisiwe.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuziphendulela yangempela kulolu hlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi isidingo sabathengi - uma singadingi ukuthi izindawo zokudoba ezinezitifiketi zihlangabezane namazinga aphusile okuzinza lapho-ke isitifiketi singaba yilokho abagxeki bakho abakwesaba kakhulu: izinhloso ezinhle kanye nejazi likapende oluhlaza.

Njengoba i-Ocean Foundation ibikhombisa cishe iminyaka eyishumi, ayikho inhlamvu yesiliva yokubhekana nenkinga yezokudoba emhlabeni jikelele. Kudingeka ibhokisi lamathuluzi lamasu—futhi abathengi banendima ebalulekile okufanele bayidlale lapho bedla ukudla kwasolwandle—elilinyiwe noma lasendle—ekusebenziseni abakuthengile ukuze bakhuthaze izilwandle ezinempilo. Noma yimiphi imizamo enganaki leli qiniso futhi ixhaphaze izinhloso ezinhle zabathengi iwukungahloniphi futhi iyadukisa futhi kufanele ibizwe ukuba iphendule.