Zingobani Izilwane Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle?

NguMichael Stocker, uMqondisi Osungule we-Ocean Conservation Research, iphrojekthi ye-The Ocean Foundation

Lapho abantu emphakathini wezokongiwa kwemvelo becabanga ngezilwane zasolwandle imikhomo ngokuvamile ehamba phambili ohlwini. Kodwa zikhona ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezimbalwa ezizogujwa kule nyanga. Ama-Pinnipeds, noma ama-“fin footed” seal namabhubesi olwandle; ama-Mustelids asolwandle - ama-otter, izihlobo zawo ezimanzi; amaSirenians ahlanganisa ama-dugong nama-manatee; kanye nebhere elimhlophe, elibhekwa njengesilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle ngoba lichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwalo lingaphakathi noma ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Mhlawumbe kungani ama-cetaceans evuselela imicabango yethu ehlangene ngaphezu kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle yingoba ukudalelwa kwabantu kanye nezinganekwane kuye kwalukwa ngendlela engenakuhlukaniswa eziphetho zalezi zilwane izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukungahambi kahle kukaJona nomkhomo kuwukuhlangana kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okufanele ukukhuliswe (lapho uJona engazange adliwe umkhomo ekugcineni). Kodwa njengomculi ngithanda ukuhlanganyela indaba ka-Arion - omunye umculi cishe eminyakeni engu-700 BCE owasindiswa amahlengethwa ngoba wayaziwa njengomculi engikanye naye.

I-Cliff Note yenganekwane ka-Arion yayiwukuthi wayebuya ohambweni ephethe isifuba esigcwele ingcebo ayithola lapho ekhokhelwa 'amagigi' akhe lapho maphakathi nohambo amatilosi esikebheni sakhe enquma ukuthi afuna isifuba futhi ayehamba. ukuphonsa i-Ariyoni olwandle. Ebona ukuthi ukuxoxisana ngesabelomali nabahamba naye bekungekho emakhadini, u-Arion wabuza ukuthi angakwazi yini ukucula iculo lokugcina ngaphambi kokuthi ama-ruffians amlahle. Ezwa umlayezo ojulile engomeni ka-Arion amahlengethwa afika ezomqoqa olwandle futhi amlethe ezweni.

Impela okunye ukusebenzelana kwethu okuyinhlekelele nemikhomo kubandakanya imboni yokudotshwa kwemikhomo yeminyaka engama-300 eyakhanyisa futhi yagcoba amadolobha amakhulu emazwenikazi aseNtshonalanga naseYurophu - kwaze kwaba yilapho imikhomo cishe isiphelile (izigidi zezilwane ezinkulu zaqedwa, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engama-75 edlule. wemboni).

Imikhomo yaphinde yavela ku-sonar yomphakathi ngemva kuka-1970 Izingoma Zomkhomo Womkhomo I-albhamu yakhumbuza umphakathi omkhulu ukuthi imikhomo kwakungezona nje izikhwama zenyama namafutha okufanele ziguqulwe zibe yimali; kunalokho bekuyizilwane ezizwelayo eziphila kumasiko ayinkimbinkimbi futhi zicula izingoma ezivusa inkanuko. Kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 ukuthi ekugcineni kumiswe isimemezelo sokumisa umhlaba wonke ekudobeni imikhomo, ngakho ngaphandle kwamazwe amathathu anonya eJapane, eNorway, nase-Iceland, konke ukudotshwa kwemikhomo ngokwezentengiselwano kuphelile ngo-1984.

Nakuba amatilosi kuwo wonke umlando bazi ukuthi ulwandle lugcwele imilomo, ama-naiads, ama-selkies, nama-siren konke okucula izingoma zabo ezibuhlungu, ezivusa inkanuko, nezijabulisayo, kwaba ukugxila kwamuva nje ezingomeni zomkhomo okulethe uphenyo lwesayensi ngemisindo e izilwane zasolwandle zenza. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kutholakale ukuthi izilwane eziningi olwandle - kusukela kumakhorali, izinhlanzi, amahlengethwa - zonke zinobudlelwane obuthile be-bioacoustic nendawo yazo.

Eminye yemisindo - ikakhulukazi lezo zezinhlanzi azibhekwa njengezithakazelisa kakhulu kubantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi (noma olunye uphiko) izingoma zezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo zasolwandle zingaba yiqiniso eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enhle. Nakuba amaza e-bio-sonar yamahlengethwa nama-porpoise ephakeme kakhulu ukuthi singayizwa, imisindo yawo yomphakathi ingaba kububanzi bokuzwa komuntu futhi ijabulise ngempela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi imisindo eminingi yemikhomo emikhulu ye-baleen iphansi kakhulu ukuthi singayizwa, ngakho-ke kufanele "siyisheshise" ukuze senze noma yimuphi umqondo wayo. Kodwa lapho ibekwa ohlwini lokuzwa kwabantu ingase izwakale ivusa inkanuko, ukukhala kwemikhomo kungazwakala njengokhilikithi, futhi izingoma zokuzulazula zemikhomo eluhlaza azichazi incazelo.

Kodwa lezi zingamacetaceans nje; izimpawu eziningi - ikakhulukazi labo abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho ubumnyama budlanga phakathi nezinkathi ezithile zonyaka banengoma yezwi engowezwe. Uma wawuhamba ngomkhumbi oLwandle iWeddell futhi wezwa uphawu lukaWeddell, noma olwandle lwaseBeaufort futhi wezwa uphawu olunentshebe ngomzimba wakho ungase uzibuze ukuthi ngabe uzithole usukwenye iplanethi.

Sinezinkomba ezimbalwa zokuthi le misindo engaqondakali ingena kanjani ekuziphatheni kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle; ezikuzwayo, kanye nalokho ezikwenzayo ngakho, kodwa njengoba izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo zasolwandle bezijwayele ukuhlala endaweni yazo yasolwandle iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-20-30 kungenzeka ukuthi izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingaphandle kokuqonda kwethu.
Isizathu esengeziwe sokugubha izihlobo zethu ezincelisayo zasolwandle.

© 2014 uMichael Stocker
UMichael ungumqondisi ongumsunguli we-Ocean Conservation Research, uhlelo lwe-Ocean Foundation olufuna ukuqonda imithelela yomsindo okhiqizwa umuntu endaweni yasolwandle. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva Yizwa Lapho Sikhona: Umsindo, I-Ecology, Nomuzwa Wendawo ihlola ukuthi abantu nezinye izilwane basebenzisa kanjani umsindo ukuze basungule ubudlelwano bazo nendawo ezikuyo.