2/3 na Babu Komai: Abin da Muka Sani Game da Kiyaye Dabbobin Ruwa

Daga: Jacob Zadik, Sadarwar Intern, The Ocean Foundation

Dabbobin ruwa na ruwa suna wakiltar wasu halittu masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a fuskar wannan duniya. Ko da yake ba su da yawa a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan su idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi, su ne kan gaba a cikin manyan halaye masu yawa da wuce gona da iri. Blue Whale ita ce dabba mafi girma da ta taɓa rayuwa a duniya. Maniyyi whale yana da mafi girman girman kwakwalwar kowace dabba. The dolfin hancin kwalba yana da mafi tsayin rikodin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, korar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar baya ta giwa. Waɗannan wasu misalai ne kawai.

Tabbas, saboda waɗannan halaye, iyawar fahimi, da haɗin kai na ƙarshe zuwa gare mu, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa koyaushe suna kan kololuwar neman kiyayewa. Dokokin da aka zartar a shekara ta 1934 don hana farautar whale na dama sun zama doka ta farko game da farautar kifin da wasu daga cikin dokokin kiyayewa na farko. Kamar yadda shekaru suka ci gaba, ƙara adawa da whaling da bludgeoning da kuma kashe sauran marine dabbobin ruwa kai ga Marine Mammal Kariya Dokar (MMPA) a 1972. Wannan doka wani babban bangaren da precursor ga wucewa da m Species Act a 1973. wanda ya samu gagarumar nasara a tsawon shekaru. Kuma, a cikin 1994, an yi wa MMPA gyara sosai don magance ƙarin al'amurran yau da kullum game da dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa. Gabaɗaya makasudin waɗannan dokokin shine tabbatar da cewa yawan jinsunan ba su faɗuwa ƙasa da mafi kyawun adadin yawan jama'a masu dorewa ba.

Irin wannan dokar ta sami gagarumar nasara a cikin shekaru da yawa kuma yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da aka yi nazari sun nuna karuwar yawan jama'a. Wannan ya fi abin da za a iya faɗi ga ƙungiyoyin dabbobi da yawa, kuma wannan ya haifar da tambayar me yasa muke ci gaba da kula da waɗannan manyan halittu ta hanyar kiyayewa? Da kaina, kasancewar likitancin dabbobi a zuciya, wannan koyaushe ya kasance abin damuwa a gare ni. Ga kowane dabbar da ke cikin haɗari da wani zai ambata, zan iya ba da amsa da amfibiya ko dabbobi masu rarrafe guda 10 da ke cikin haɗari. Ana iya yin irin wannan martani ga kifaye, murjani, arthropods, da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke gab da ƙarewa. Don haka kuma, tambayar ita ce me yasa dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa? Babu wata ƙungiyar dabbobi da ke da irin wannan fitacciyar doka da aka tsara musamman don kare al'ummarsu.

Amsar ita ce, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa a matsayin ƙungiyar gamayya wataƙila wasu daga cikin manyan alamomin lafiyar halittun ruwa. Gabaɗaya su ne babban mafarauci ko mafarauci a cikin mahallinsu. Hakanan an san su suna taka rawar tushen abinci mai mahimmanci ga manyan mafarauta ko kananan benthic scavengers lokacin da suka mutu. Suna zama a cikin ɗimbin wuraren zama, tun daga bakin tekun polar zuwa rafukan wurare masu zafi. Don haka, lafiyar su wakilci ne kai tsaye na tasirin ƙoƙarin kiyayewa. Sabanin haka, su ma wakilci ne na lalacewa ta hanyar karuwar ayyukan ci gaba, gurɓataccen yanayi, da kamun kifi. Misali, raguwar manatee alama ce ta raguwar ciyawar teku. Yi la'akari da matsayin yawan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da tarin maki akan katin rahoton kiyaye ruwa idan kuna so.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yawancin kaso na dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da aka bincika suna nuna karuwar yawan jama'a da dorewa. Abin takaici akwai matsala game da wannan, kuma da yawa daga cikinku sun riga sun sami damar ɗaukar matsalar daga zaɓin kalmomin da na yi a hankali. Abin baƙin ciki, fiye da kashi 2/3 na nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa ba a yi nazari sosai ba, kuma yawan mutanen da suke yanzu ba a san su ba (idan ba ku yarda da ni ba, ku shiga cikin IUCN Red Jerin). Wannan babbar matsala ce domin 1) ba tare da sanin yawan jama'arsu ba, da kuma jujjuyawarta, suna kasawa a matsayin isassun katin rahoto, da 2) saboda karuwar yawan adadin dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa ya samo asali ne daga ƙoƙarin bincike kai tsaye na fassara zuwa ingantaccen kula da kiyayewa.

Ya zama wajibi a gaggauta daukar matakan magance karancin ilmin da ya dabaibaye mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa. Ko da yake ba ainihin dabbar dabbar "marine" ba (la'akari da ta rayu a cikin ruwa mai tsabta), labarin kwanan nan na kogin Yangtze Dolphin misali ne mai ban takaici na lokacin da ƙoƙarin bincike ya yi latti. An bayyana bacewa a cikin 2006, yawan adadin dolphin ba a san shi ba kafin 1986, kuma ba a ganin matsanancin ƙoƙarin maido da yawan jama'a kafin 90s. Tare da ci gaban da ba za a iya dakatar da kasar Sin ba a yawancin nau'in dabbar dolphin, wadannan kokarin kiyayewa sun makara. Ko da yake labari mai ban tausayi, ba zai kasance a cikin jijiya ba; yana nuna mana mahimmancin fahimtar gaggawar dukan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa.

Wataƙila babbar barazana a yau ga yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa shine masana'antar kamun kifin da ta taɓa samun girma - gillnet fishery kasancewa mafi lahani. Shirye-shiryen masu lura da ruwa (kyakkyawan hakki daga aikin koleji) tara mahimmanci bycatch data. Daga shekara ta 1990 zuwa 2011 an ƙaddara cewa aƙalla kashi 82 cikin XNUMX na nau'in Odontoceti, ko ƙwararrun kifin haƙori (orcas, beaked whales, dolphins, da sauransu), an riga an ƙaddamar da su zuwa kamun kifi na gillnet. Ƙoƙari daga kamun kifi don ci gaba da girma kuma sakamakon da aka ɗauka zai iya zama kawai cewa kamun dabbobin ruwa ya biyo bayan wannan haɓaka. Ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi a ga yadda ingantaccen fahimtar ƙauran ƙaura na dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa da halayen juna zai iya tasiri mafi kyawun sarrafa kamun kifi.

Don haka na ƙare da wannan: ko kuna sha'awar gargantuan baleen whales, ko kuma sun fi burge ku. tya mating halayya na barnacles, lafiyar yanayin yanayin ruwa yana nunawa ta hanyar annurin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Fannin nazari ne mai fa'ida, kuma an bar bincike mai yawa don koyo. Amma duk da haka, irin wannan ƙoƙarin ba za a iya gudanar da shi yadda ya kamata ba tare da cikakken goyon bayan al'ummar duniya.