Sanar da 2024 Boyd Lyon Scholar

Kowace shekara, Asusun Kunkuru na Teku na Boyd Lyon yana ba da tallafin karatu ga ɗalibin nazarin halittun ruwa wanda bincikensa ya mai da hankali kan kunkuru na teku. Jaime Restrepo wanda ya lashe kyautar bana.

Karanta taƙaitaccen bincikensa a ƙasa:

Tarihi

Kunkuru na ruwa suna zama dabam-dabam a yanayin rayuwa a tsawon rayuwarsu; yawanci suna zama a cikin ƙayyadaddun wuraren kiwon abinci kuma suna yin ƙaura na shekara-shekara zuwa rairayin bakin teku masu da zarar sun zama masu haifuwa (Shimada et al. 2020). Gano wuraren zama daban-daban da kunkuru na ruwa ke amfani da su da haɗin kai tsakanin su shine mabuɗin don ba da fifikon kariyar wuraren da ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa sun cika matsayinsu na muhalli (Troëng et al. 2005, Kofi et al. 2020). Mafi ƙaura nau'in ƙaura kamar kunkuru na ruwa, sun dogara da mahimman mahalli don bunƙasa. Don haka, dabarun kiyayewa don kare waɗannan nau'ikan za su yi nasara ne kawai kamar matsayin mafi raunin hanyar hanyar ƙaura. Tauraron tauraron dan adam na tauraron dan adam ya sauƙaƙe fahimtar yanayin yanayi da yanayin ƙaura na kunkuru na ruwa kuma ya ba da haske game da ilimin halittarsu, amfani da mazauninsu da kiyayewa (Wallace et al. 2010). A baya, bin kunkuru na gida ya haskaka hanyoyin ƙaura kuma ya taimaka wajen gano wuraren kiwon abinci (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Duk da babban darajar a tauraron dan adam telemetry na nazarin motsin nau'in, babban koma baya shine tsadar masu watsawa, wanda sau da yawa yana haifar da iyakataccen girman samfurin. Don warware wannan ƙalubalen, ƙididdigar isotope (SIA) na abubuwan gama gari da aka samo a cikin yanayi ya kasance kayan aiki mai amfani don gano wuraren da motsin dabbobi ke da alaƙa a cikin yanayin ruwa. Za'a iya bin diddigin motsin ƙaura bisa la'akari da matakan sararin samaniya a cikin ƙimar isotope na masu kera na farko (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Rarraba isotopes a cikin kwayoyin halitta da al'amura na inorganic za a iya annabta suna kwatanta yanayin muhalli a cikin ma'auni na sararin samaniya da na ɗan lokaci, ƙirƙirar shimfidar wurare na isotopic ko isoscapes. Wadannan alamomin sinadarai suna haifar da yanayi ta hanyar canja wuri na trophic, saboda haka duk dabbobin da ke cikin takamaiman wurin ana yiwa lakabi da su ba tare da kama su da alama ba (McMahon et al. 2013). Waɗannan halayen suna sa dabarun SIA su zama masu inganci da tsada, suna ba da damar yin amfani da girman samfurin girma, da haɓaka wakilcin yawan mutanen da aka yi karatu. Don haka, gudanar da SIA ta hanyar samar da kunkuru na gida na iya ba da damar tantance amfani da albarkatu a wuraren kiwon abinci kafin lokacin kiwo (Witteveen 2009). Bugu da ƙari kuma, kwatanta tsinkayar isoscape dangane da SIA daga samfurori da aka tattara a fadin yankin binciken, tare da bayanan lura da aka samu daga alamar sake kamawa da kuma nazarin telemetry na tauraron dan adam, za a iya amfani da su don ƙayyade haɗin sararin samaniya a cikin biochemical, da tsarin muhalli. Don haka wannan hanyar ta dace sosai don nazarin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ƙila masu bincike ba za su iya samu ba na tsawon lokaci na rayuwarsu (McMahon et al. 2013). Tortuguero National Park (TNP), a arewacin Caribbean Coast na Costa Rica, ita ce mafi girma bakin tekun gida don koren kunkuru a cikin Tekun Caribbean (Seminoff et al. 2015; Restrepo et al. 2023). Tag bayanan dawo da bayanan kasa da kasa sun gano tsarin tarwatsawa bayan gida daga wannan yawan jama'a a ko'ina cikin Costa Rica, da sauran kasashe 19 a yankin (Troëng et al. 2005). A tarihi, ayyukan bincike a Tortuguero sun mayar da hankali a cikin kilomita 8 na arewacin bakin teku (Carr et al. 1978). Tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2002, kunkuru goma masu alamar tauraron dan adam da aka saki daga wannan sashe na rairayin bakin teku sun yi tafiya zuwa arewa zuwa wuraren cin abinci na Nicaragua, Honduras, da Belize (Troëng et al. 2005). Ko da yake, bayanan dawowar flipper-tag sun ba da tabbataccen shaida na mata sun fara doguwar tafiya ƙaura, har yanzu ba a ga wasu hanyoyin ba a cikin motsin kunkuru masu alamar tauraron dan adam (Troëng et al. 2005). Matsakaicin yanki mai nisan kilomita takwas na binciken da aka yi a baya na iya haifar da bambancin ra'ayi na yanayin ƙaura da aka lura, wanda ya wuce kima mahimmancin hanyoyin ƙaura na arewa da wuraren kiwo. Manufar wannan binciken ita ce kimanta haɗin kai na ƙaura don yawan kunkuru na Tortuguero, ta hanyar kimanta ƙimar carbon (δ 13C) da nitrogen (δ 15N) ƙayyadaddun dabi'u don wuraren ciyar da abinci a cikin Tekun Caribbean.

Sakamakon da ake Bukata

Godiya ga kokarin da muke yi mun riga mun tattara samfuran nama sama da 800 daga koren kunkuru. Yawancin waɗannan sun fito ne daga Tortuguero, tare da tarin samfura a wuraren kiwon da za a kammala a duk shekara. Dangane da SIA daga samfuran da aka tattara a ko'ina cikin yankin, za mu samar da samfurin isoscape don turtles kore a cikin Caribbean, suna gabatar da wurare daban-daban don dabi'u na δ13C da δ15N a cikin wuraren zama na teku (McMahon et al. 2013; Vander Zanden et al. 2015) . Sannan za a yi amfani da wannan ƙirar don tantance wuraren ƙirƙira makamancin koren kunkuru a Tortuguero, dangane da SIA ɗin su.