Bikin cika shekaru 3 na zubar da mai na BP Deepwater Horizon

Daga Cynthia Sarthou, Babban Darakta, Cibiyar Maido da Yankin Gulf da
Bethany Kraft, Darakta, Shirin Maido da Yankin Gulf, Tsarin Tsarin Tekun

Bala'in malalar mai na BP Deepwater Horizon ya yi mummunar illa ga wasu sassan yankin Gulf tare da tattalin arzikin yankin da al'ummomin yankin. Wannan lalacewar, duk da haka, ta faru ne a kan koma bayan kalubale na tsawon shekaru da dama da suka hada da asara da lalatar wuraren dausayi da tsibiran katanga a bakin tekun zuwa samar da “yankin da suka mutu” a cikin Tekun Arewa zuwa kifin kifaye da kuma asarar kamun kifi, ba a ma maganar lalacewa daga guguwa mai tsanani da yawan gaske. Bala'in na BP ya haifar da kira na kasa don yin aiki fiye da tasirin bututun mai da kuma magance tabarbarewar dogon lokaci da yankin ya fuskanta.

Barataria Bay, LA

Duk da dimbin kalubalen da yankin ke fuskanta, yanayin yanayin yankin Gulf na ci gaba da kasancewa wuri mai dimbin al'ajabi, wanda ke zama injiniyan tattalin arziki ga daukacin kasar. GDP na kasashen Gulf 5 idan aka hade zai kasance kasa ta 7 mafi karfin tattalin arziki a duniya, tana zuwa dala tiriliyan 2.3 a duk shekara. Fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na abincin teku da aka kama a cikin ƙananan jihohi 48 sun fito ne daga Tekun Fasha. Wannan yanki duka cibiyar makamashi ne da kuma kwandon shrimp ga al'umma. Hakan na nufin daukacin kasar na da hannu wajen farfado da yankin.

Yayin da ake ci gaba da tunawa da shekaru uku na guguwar da ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 11, har yanzu kamfanin na BP bai aiwatar da kudurinsa na maido da yanayin yankin Gulf zuwa wani yanayi mai kyau ba. Yayin da muke aiki don samun cikakkiyar sabuntawa, dole ne mu magance duka lalacewa na gajere da na dogon lokaci a muhimman wurare uku: muhallin bakin teku, albarkatun ruwan shudi da al'ummomin bakin teku. Halin haɗin kai na albarkatun bakin teku da na Tekun Fasha, haɗe tare da gaskiyar cewa matsalolin muhalli suna da alaƙa da ayyukan ƙasa da na teku, daidaita yanayin muhalli da yanayin ƙasa don maido da mahimmanci.

Bayanin tasirin bala'in mai na BP

Elmer's Island, LA

Bala'in BP shine mafi girman cin mutuncin albarkatun yankin Gulf. An fitar da miliyoyin galan na mai da masu rarrabawa cikin Tekun Fasha a lokacin bala'in. Sama da kadada dubu daya na gabar tekun sun gurbata. A yau, man na ci gaba da wankewa a kan daruruwan kadada na bakin teku daga Louisiana zuwa Florida.

Bayanan kimiyya da ake da su sun nuna cewa bala'in ya yi mummunan tasiri ga yankin Gulf. Misali, daga Nuwamba 2010 zuwa Maris 24, 2013, 669 cetaceans, galibi dolphins, sun makale - 104 tun daga Janairu 1, 2013. Daga Nuwamba 2010 zuwa Fabrairu 2011, kunkuru 1146, 609 daga cikinsu sun mutu, sun makale - kusan sau biyu. rates. Bugu da ƙari, manyan lambobi na jan Snapper, kifi mai mahimmanci na nishaɗi da kasuwanci, suna da raunuka da lalacewar gabobin jiki, Gulf killifish (aka cocahoe minnow) yana da lalacewar gill kuma ya rage lafiyar haihuwa, kuma murjani mai zurfi ya lalace ko ya mutu - duk sun yi daidai da ƙananan matakin. fallasa mai guba.

Bayan bala'in, membobin ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu na yankin Gulf, waɗanda ke wakiltar sama da 50 masu kamun kifi, al'umma da ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa, sun taru don kafa haɗin gwiwa mara kyau da aka sani da "Makomar Gulf." Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta haɓaka Ka'idodin Makon Bay don Farfaɗowar Gulf, da the Shirye-shiryen Haɗin Kai na Gaban Gulf don Lafiyayyan Tekun Fasha. Duka Ka'idoji da Tsarin Ayyuka sun mayar da hankali kan fannoni 4 na: (1) maido da bakin teku; (2) maido da ruwa; (3) farfadowar al'umma da juriya; da (4) lafiyar jama'a. Abubuwan da ke damun ƙungiyoyin gaba na Gulf sun haɗa da:

• Rashin nuna gaskiya wajen zabar ayyukan dawo da hukumomin Jiha da na Tarayya;
• Matsalolin da jihohi da na gida ke tilastawa don kashe kudaden Dokar RESTORE akan "ci gaban tattalin arziki na gargajiya" (hanyoyi, cibiyoyin tarurruka, da sauransu;
• Rashin hukumomin yin aiki tare da al'ummomin yankin don samar da ayyukan yi na gida ga mutanen da abin ya shafa; kuma,
• Rashin isasshen aiki don tabbatar da, ta hanyar doka ko ƙa'ida, cewa irin wannan bala'i ba zai faru a nan gaba ba.

Kungiyoyin Gulf Future sun fahimci cewa biliyoyin daloli na tarar BP da ke zuwa wannan yanki ta hanyar Dokar RESTORE shine sau ɗaya a cikin rayuwar rayuwa don gina yankin Gulf mai ƙarfi da juriya ga al'ummomi masu zuwa.

Tsara kwas don gaba

An wuce a cikin Yuli na 2012, Dokar RESTORE ta ƙirƙiri asusun amincewa wanda zai jagoranci wani muhimmin sashi na Dokar Tsabtace Tsabtace kuɗaɗen da BP da sauran ɓangarorin da ke da alhakin biya don amfani da su don dawo da yanayin yanayin yankin Gulf. Wannan dai shi ne karo na farko da aka ware irin wannan makudan kudade don dawo da muhallin yankin tekun Fasha, amma har yanzu aikin bai kare ba.

Kodayake yarjejeniya tare da Transocean za ta ba da kuɗin farko a cikin asusun amincewa don sabuntawa, har yanzu gwajin BP yana ci gaba da ci gaba a New Orleans, ba tare da ƙarewa ba. Sai dai kuma har sai BP ya karɓi cikakken alhakin, albarkatunmu da mutanen da suka dogara gare su ba za su iya murmurewa gaba ɗaya ba. Ya rataya a wuyan mu duka mu ci gaba da himma da kuma ci gaba da kokarin maido da abin da yake daya daga cikin dukiyar kasa.

Labari mai zuwa: Shin Muna Yin watsi da Mafi Muhimman Kimiyya Game da Zubar da Ƙasar Gulf?