Jirgin Ruwan Arctic Bala'i ne da ke jira ya faru

By Richard Steiner

Lokacin da jirgin saman Malaysia Selendang Ayu ya sauka a tsibirin Aleutian na Alaska shekaru takwas da suka gabata a wannan makon, abin tunatarwa ne mai ban tausayi game da haɓakar haɗarin jigilar jiragen ruwa na arewa. Yayin da yake kan hanyar daga Seattle zuwa China, a cikin guguwar hunturu ta Bering Sea tare da iska mai tsayi 70 da teku mai ƙafa 25, injin jirgin ya gaza. Yayin da ya nufa gaci, babu isassun tudun ruwa da za su kai shi, kuma ya sauka daga tsibirin Unalaska a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2004. Ma’aikatan jirgin shida sun rasa, jirgin ya karye da rabi, da dukan kayansa da sama da 335,000. galan na man fetur mai nauyi ya zubar da mai a cikin ruwa na Alaska Maritime National Refuge Refuge (Gudun Gudun Namun Daji na Ƙasar Alaska Maritime). Kamar sauran manyan zubewar ruwa, wannan zubewar ba a cikinsa ba, kuma ta kashe dubban tsuntsayen teku da sauran namun daji, da rufe kamun kifi, da gurɓata wasu miliyoyi na bakin teku.

Kamar yawancin bala'o'in masana'antu, bala'in Selendang Ayu ya faru ne ta hanyar haɗuwa mai haɗari na kuskuren ɗan adam, matsin lamba na kuɗi, gazawar injiniyoyi, rashin ƙarfi da kulawar gwamnati, ([PDF])Sauke Tutar Malesiya Babban Mai ɗaukar kaya M/V Selendang Ayu akan). Na ɗan lokaci, bala'in ya mai da hankali kan haɗarin jigilar jiragen ruwa na arewa. Amma yayin da aka magance wasu abubuwan haɗari, rashin jin daɗi ya dawo da sauri. A yau, bala'in Selendang an manta da shi, kuma tare da karuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa, haɗarin yanzu ya fi kowane lokaci.

Kowace rana, wasu manyan jiragen ruwa 10-20 na 'yan kasuwa - jiragen ruwa na kwantena, masu jigilar kaya, masu jigilar motoci, da tankuna - suna tafiya "babban hanyar da'irar" tsakanin Asiya da Arewacin Amirka tare da sarkar Aleutian mai nisan mil 1,200. Yayin da ciniki ke komawa daga koma bayan tattalin arziki, jigilar kayayyaki ta wannan hanya tana ƙaruwa akai-akai. Kuma yayin da dumamar yanayi ke ci gaba da narkar da kankarar tekun lokacin rani, zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa kuma na karuwa cikin sauri a fadin Tekun Arctic. A wannan lokacin rani da ya gabata, wani rikodin jiragen ruwa 46 na kasuwanci sun bi ta hanyar Tekun Arewa tsakanin Turai da Asiya a cikin arctic na Rasha (Barents Observer), karuwa sau goma daga shekaru biyu da suka wuce. Sama da tan miliyan 1 na kaya ne aka kwashe akan hanya a duk kwatance a wannan bazarar (karu da kashi 50 cikin 2011 akan 40), kuma galibin wannan samfurin man fetur ne mai haɗari kamar man dizal, man jet, da iskar gas. Kuma jirgin ruwan jigilar iskar gas na farko (LNG) a tarihi ya yi tafiya a wannan shekarar, yana dauke da LNG daga Norway zuwa Japan a cikin rabin lokacin da zai ɗauki hanyar Suez ta al'ada. An yi hasashen yawan man da iskar gas da ake jigilarwa a kan Titin Tekun Arewa zai kai tan miliyan 2020 a duk shekara nan da shekarar XNUMX. Haka kuma ana samun karuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa (musamman a kusa da Greenland), tasoshin kamun kifi, da jiragen ruwa da ke aikin samar da mai da iskar gas da ma'adanai na Arctic. .

Wannan kasuwanci ne mai haɗari. Waɗannan manyan jiragen ruwa ne, suna ɗauke da mai da kaya mai haɗari, suna tafiya cikin teku masu ha'inci tare da rairayin bakin teku masu kula da muhalli, waɗanda kamfanoni ke sarrafa su waɗanda sharuɗɗan kasuwancinsu galibi suna jujjuya aminci, kuma ba tare da kusan babu rigakafi ko kayayyakin agajin gaggawa a hanya. Yawancin wannan zirga-zirgar tutocin ƙasashen waje ne kuma akan “hanyar marar laifi,” ƙarƙashin Tuta-na-daɗi, tare da Ma'aikatan-Crew-of-Convenience, kuma tare da ƙananan ƙa'idodin aminci. Kuma duk abin yana faruwa ne a zahiri ba a gani ba, ba tare da tunanin jama’a da masu kula da gwamnati ba. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan jigilar jiragen ruwa yana jefa rayuwar ɗan adam cikin haɗari, tattalin arziki, da muhalli, kuma haɗarin yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Jirgin ruwa yana kawo gabatarwar nau'ikan nau'ikan cin zarafi, hayaniyar ruwa, hare-haren jiragen ruwa a kan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, da hayaki mai yawa. Amma da yake wasu daga cikin wadannan tasoshin suna daukar miliyoyin galan na man fetur mai nauyi, kuma tankokin dakon man fetur na dauke da dubun-dubatar galan na man fetur ko sinadarai, a fili babban abin tsoro shi ne bala'in zubewa.

A cikin amsa ga Selendang bala'i, haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, Alaska Natives, da masunta na kasuwanci sun haɗu tare a cikin Abokan Tsaro na Shipping don ba da shawarar ingantaccen ingantaccen tsaro tare da hanyoyin jigilar kaya na Aleutian da Arctic. A cikin 2005, Haɗin gwiwar ya yi kira don bin diddigin duk jiragen ruwa, tugs ceton teku, fakitin jigilar gaggawa, yarjejeniyoyin zirga-zirga, wuraren da za a guje wa, ƙarin alhaki na kuɗi, mafi kyawun taimako-zuwa kewayawa, haɓaka matukin jirgi, sadarwa na dole ka'idoji, ingantattun kayan mayar da martani ga zubewa, ƙarin farashin kaya, da kimanta haɗarin zirga-zirgar jirgin ruwa. An aiwatar da kaɗan daga cikin waɗannan ("'ya'yan itace masu ƙarancin rataye"): an gina ƙarin tashoshi na bin diddigin, an riga an shirya fakitin ɗaukar hoto a cikin Harbour Dutch, akwai ƙarin kudade da kayan amsa zubewa, Binciken Jirgin Ruwa na Arctic ya kasance. da aka gudanar (BUGA-BUGA> Mai alaƙa> AMSA - Binciken Arctic Amurka…), kuma ana ci gaba da kimanta haɗarin jigilar jiragen ruwa na Aleutian (Shafin Gida na Haɗin Risk na Tsibirin Aleutian).

Amma wajen rage haɗarin jigilar Arctic da Aleutian gabaɗaya, gilashin har yanzu yana iya cika kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu, kashi uku cikin huɗu. Tsarin yayi nisa daga tsaro. Misali, bin diddigin jiragen ruwa bai isa ba, kuma har yanzu babu wasu manyan tutocin ceton teku da aka ajiye a kan hanyoyin. Idan aka kwatanta, bayan Exxon Valdez, Yarima William Sound yanzu yana da rakiyar masu rakiya goma sha ɗaya da martani a kan jiran jiragen ruwansa (Bututun Alyska – TAPS – SERVS). A cikin Aleutians, rahoton Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta 2009 ta kammala: "Babu ɗayan matakan da ake da su da ya isa don amsa manyan jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mai tsanani."
ING OB River Wurare biyu mafi damuwa, waɗanda yawancin waɗannan jiragen ruwa ke tafiya, sune Unimak Pass (tsakanin Gulf of Alaska da Bering Sea a gabashin Aleutians), da Bering Strait (tsakanin Tekun Bering da Arctic Ocean). Yayin da waɗannan yankuna ke tallafawa ƙarin dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, tsuntsayen teku, kifaye, kaguwa, da yawan aiki gabaɗaya fiye da kowane yanayin yanayin teku a duniya, haɗarin a bayyane yake. Juya kuskure ɗaya ko asarar wutar tanki da aka ɗora a cikin waɗannan fasinjoji na iya haifar da babban bala'i cikin sauƙi. Don haka, an ba da shawarar duka Unimak Pass da Bering Strait a cikin 2009 don naɗa ƙasashen duniya a matsayin Wuraren Teku na Musamman, da wuraren tarihi na ruwa ko wuraren tsafi, amma har yanzu gwamnatin Amurka ba ta yi aiki da wannan shawarar ba (Kada ku yi tsammanin Sabbin Wuraren Ruwa a ƙarƙashin… - Mafarki gama gari).

A bayyane yake, muna bukatar mu sami maganin wannan a yanzu, kafin bala'i na gaba. Dukkan shawarwarin Haɗin gwiwar Tsaron Jirgin ruwa daga 2005 (a sama) yakamata a aiwatar da su nan da nan a cikin hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki na Aleutian da Arctic, musamman ci gaba da bin diddigin jiragen ruwa da tuggun ceto. Ya kamata masana'antu su biya duka ta hanyar kuɗin kaya. Kuma, ya kamata gwamnatoci su sanya doka ta Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya don Takaddar Jirgin Ruwa na Aiki a cikin Ruwan da aka lulluɓe da ƙanƙara na Arctic, haɓaka ƙarfin bincike da ceto, da kafa Majalisar Shawarar Jama'a ta Yanki (Yanki).Majalisar Shawarar Jama'a ta Yankin Yarima William Sound) don kula da duk ayyukan kasuwanci na ketare.

Jirgin Arctic bala'i ne da ke jira ya faru. Ba idan, amma lokacin da kuma inda bala'i na gaba zai faru. Yana iya zama yau da dare ko kuma shekaru daga yanzu; Yana iya zama a cikin Unimak Pass, Bering Strait, Novaya Zemlya, Baffin Island, ko Greenland. Amma zai faru. Gwamnatocin Arctic da masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki suna buƙatar yin taka tsantsan game da rage wannan haɗarin gwargwadon yiwuwar, kuma nan ba da jimawa ba.

Richard Steiner ne ke gudanar da aikin Oasis Duniya aikin - wata shawara ta duniya da ke aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatoci, masana'antu, da kuma ƙungiyoyin jama'a don hanzarta sauyawa zuwa al'umma mai dorewa. Oasis Earth na gudanar da Ƙididdigar Gaggawa ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kan ƙalubale masu mahimmanci na kiyayewa, yin bitar kimar muhalli, da gudanar da cikakken bincike.