Canjin Halayen Rubutun Ruwa da Ilimin Teku

KOMA GA BINCIKE

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa
2. Tushen Ilimin Teku
- Takaita 2.1
- 2.2 Dabarun Sadarwa
3. Canjin Halaye
- 3.1. Summary
- 3.2. Aikace-aikacen
- 3.3. Tausayin Dabi'a
4. Education
- 4.1 STEM da Tekun
- 4.2 Albarkatun K-12 Malamai
5. Diversity, ãdalci, haɗawa, da Adalci
6. Ma'auni, Hanyoyi, da Manuniya

1. Gabatarwa

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke kawo cikas ga ci gaba a fannin kiyaye ruwan teku shine rashin fahimtar ainihin mahimmanci, rauni, da haɗin tsarin teku. Bincike ya nuna cewa jama'a ba su da masaniya game da al'amuran teku da samun damar yin karatu a cikin teku kamar yadda fagen nazari da kuma hanyar sana'a ta tarihi ba ta da adalci. Sabon babban aikin Gidauniyar Ocean, da Koyarwa Don Ƙaddamarwar Tekun, an kafa shi a cikin 2022 don magance wannan matsala. Koyarwa Don Tekun an sadaukar da ita don canza yadda muke koyarwa game da teku a cikin kayan aiki da fasahohin da ke ƙarfafa sababbin alamu da halaye domin tekun. Don tallafawa wannan shirin, wannan shafi na bincike an yi niyya ne don samar da taƙaitaccen bayanai na yanzu da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na baya-bayan nan game da ilimin teku da canjin yanayin kiyayewa tare da gano gibin da Gidauniyar Ocean za ta iya cike da wannan himma.

Menene ilimin teku?

Yayin da ainihin ma'anar ta bambanta tsakanin wallafe-wallafe, a cikin sauƙi, ilimin teku shine fahimtar tasirin teku a kan mutane da duniya gaba ɗaya. Shi ne yadda mutum ya ke sane da yanayin teku da yadda lafiya da jin dadin teku za su iya shafar kowa, tare da ilimin gaba daya na teku da rayuwar da ke cikinsa, tsarinsa, aikinsa, da yadda ake sadarwa da wannan. ilimi ga wasu.

Menene canjin hali?

Canjin ɗabi'a shine nazarin yadda kuma dalilin da yasa mutane ke canza halayensu da halayensu, da kuma yadda mutane za su iya zaburar da aiki don kare muhalli. Kamar yadda yake da ilimin teku, akwai wasu muhawara game da ainihin ma'anar canjin ɗabi'a, amma a koyaushe yana haɗa da ra'ayoyin da suka haɗa da tunanin tunani tare da halaye da yanke shawara game da kiyayewa.

Menene za a iya yi don taimakawa wajen magance gibin da ke tattare da ilimi, horarwa, da haɗin gwiwar al'umma?

Tsarin karatun teku na TOF yana mai da hankali kan bege, aiki, da canjin ɗabi'a, batu mai rikitarwa wanda shugaban TOF Mark J. Spalding ya tattauna a cikin mu blog a cikin 2015. Teach For the Ocean yana ba da tsarin horarwa, bayanai da hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo, da sabis na jagoranci don tallafawa al'ummarmu na malaman ruwa yayin da suke aiki tare don ci gaba da tsarin koyarwa da haɓaka aikinsu na niyya don sadar da canjin hali mai dorewa. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da Koyarwa Don Tekun akan shafin mu na himma, nan.

---

2. Ilimin Teku

Takaita 2.1

Marrero da Payne. (Yuni 2021). Karatun Teku: Daga Ripple zuwa Wave. A cikin littafin: Ilimin Teku: Fahimtar Tekun, shafi 21-39. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70155-0_2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication /352804017_Ocean_Literacy_Understanding _the_Ocean

Akwai matukar bukatar ilimin teku a ma'auni na duniya saboda tekun ya ketare iyakokin kasa. Wannan littafi yana ba da tsarin koyarwa tsakanin teku da karatun karatu. Wannan babi na musamman yana ba da tarihin ilimin teku, yana yin alaƙa da Manufar ci gaba mai dorewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 14, kuma yana ba da shawarwari don ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa da ilimi. Babin ya fara a Amurka kuma yana faɗaɗa iyaka don rufe shawarwarin aikace-aikacen duniya.

Marrero, ME, Payne, DL, & Breidahl, H. (2019). Batun Haɗin kai don Haɓaka Karatun Ilimin Tekun Duniya. Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar Ruwa, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00325 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333941293_The_Case_for_Collaboration_ to_Foster_Global_Ocean_Literacy

Ilimin ilimin teku ya samo asali ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin malamai na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun, masana kimiyya, ƙwararrun gwamnati, da sauran waɗanda ke da sha'awar ayyana abin da ya kamata mutane su sani game da tekun. Marubutan sun jaddada rawar da cibiyoyin ilimin teku ke takawa a cikin aikin ilimin teku na duniya tare da tattauna mahimmancin haɗin gwiwa da aiki don inganta makomar teku mai dorewa. Takardar ta bayar da hujjar cewa hanyoyin sadarwar ilimin teku suna buƙatar yin aiki tare ta hanyar mai da hankali kan mutane da haɗin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar kayayyaki, kodayake ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki don ƙirƙirar albarkatu masu ƙarfi, daidaito da ƙari.

Uyarra, MC, Borja, Á. (2016). Ilimin teku: sabon ra'ayi na zamantakewa da muhalli don dorewar amfani da teku. Bulletin Gurbacewar Ruwa 104, 1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.060 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 298329423_Ocean_literacy_A_’new’_socio-ecological_concept_for_a_sustainable_use_ of_the_seas

Kwatanta binciken ra'ayin jama'a game da barazanar ruwa da kariya a duniya. Yawancin masu amsa sun yi imanin cewa yanayin teku yana fuskantar barazana. Gurbacewar yanayi ya kasance mafi girma tare da kamun kifi, canjin wurin zama, da sauyin yanayi. Yawancin masu amsa suna tallafawa wuraren da aka kare ruwan teku a yankinsu ko ƙasarsu. Yawancin masu amsa suna son ganin an kiyaye manyan wuraren teku fiye da na yanzu. Wannan yana ƙarfafa ci gaba da aikin haɗin gwiwar teku kamar yadda ya nuna cewa tallafi ga waɗannan shirye-shiryen yana nan ko da tallafin sauran ayyukan teku ya zuwa yanzu ba a rasa ba.

Gelcich, S., Buckley, P., Pinnegar, JK, Chilvers, J., Lorenzoni, I., Terry, G., da al. (2014). Wayar da kan jama'a, damuwa, da fifiko game da tasirin ɗan adam akan muhallin ruwa. Abubuwan da aka gabatar na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Ƙasar Amurka 111, 15042-15047. Doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1417344111 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 267749285_Public_awareness_concerns_and _priorities_about_anthropogenic_impacts_on _marine_environments

Matsayin damuwa game da tasirin teku yana da alaƙa da matakin sani. Gurbacewar yanayi da kuma kifayen kifaye abubuwa ne guda biyu da jama'a suka ba da fifiko wajen bunkasa manufofi. Matsayin amana ya bambanta sosai tsakanin kafofin bayanai daban-daban kuma shine mafi girma ga masana ilimi da wallafe-wallafen masana amma ƙasa ga gwamnati ko masana'antu. Sakamako sun nuna cewa jama'a sun fahimci saurin tasirin tasirin halittun ruwa kuma sun damu sosai game da gurɓacewar teku, kifaye da yawa, da ƙazantar ruwa. Haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a, damuwa, da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa na iya baiwa masana kimiyya da masu ba da kuɗi damar fahimtar yadda jama'a ke da alaƙa da yanayin ruwa, tasirin tasirin, da daidaita abubuwan gudanarwa da manufofi tare da buƙatar jama'a.

Aikin Tekun (2011). Amurka da Tekun: Sabunta shekara ta 2011. Aikin Tekun. https://theoceanproject.org/research/

Samun haɗin kai da al'amuran teku yana da mahimmanci don cimma dogon lokaci tare da kiyayewa. Ka'idojin zamantakewa galibi suna yin umarni da ayyukan da mutane ke so yayin yanke shawarar mafita ga matsalolin muhalli. Yawancin mutanen da ke ziyartar teku, wuraren ajiye namun daji, da aquariums sun riga sun yarda da kiyaye teku. Don ayyukan kiyayewa su kasance masu tasiri na dogon lokaci, musamman, na gida, da ayyuka na sirri ya kamata a jaddada da ƙarfafawa. Wannan binciken sabuntawa ne ga Amurka, Teku, da Canjin Yanayi: Sabon Binciken Bincike don Karewa, Fadakarwa, da Aiki (2009) da Sadarwa Game da Tekuna: Sakamako na Binciken Kasa (1999).

National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. (2006, Disamba). Taron kan Rahoton Karatun Tekun. Yuni 7-8, 2006, Washington, DC

Wannan rahoto ya samo asali ne sakamakon taron kasa da kasa kan ilimin teku da aka gudanar a shekarar 2006 da aka gudanar a birnin Washington DC Babban taron da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne bayyana kokarin da malaman teku ke yi na shigar da ilimin teku a cikin azuzuwa a fadin Amurka. Taron ya gano cewa, don samun al'ummar kasa masu ilimin teku, ya zama dole a sami sauyi a tsarin ilimin mu na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun.

2.2 Dabarun Sadarwa

Toomey, A. (2023, Fabrairu). Me yasa Gaskiya Ba Su Canja Hankali ba: Hankali daga Kimiyyar Fahimi don Ingantacciyar Sadarwar Binciken Kiyayewa. Tsarin Halittu, Kundi Na biyu. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /367764901_Why_facts_don%27t_change _minds_Insights_from_cognitive_science_for_ the_improved_communication_of_ conservation_research

Toomey yayi bincike da ƙoƙarin kawar da tatsuniyoyi game da yadda mafi kyawun sadarwa na kimiyya don yanke shawara, gami da tatsuniyoyi cewa: gaskiya suna canza tunani, ilimin kimiyya zai haifar da ingantaccen bincike, canjin hali na mutum ɗaya zai canza ɗabi'un gama kai, kuma yaɗawa ya fi dacewa. Madadin haka, marubutan suna jayayya cewa ingantaccen sadarwar kimiyya ta fito ne daga: shigar da tunanin zamantakewa don yanke shawara mafi kyau, fahimtar ikon dabi'u, motsin rai, da gogewa a cikin karkatar da hankali, canza halayen gama kai, da tunani da dabaru. Wannan canjin hangen nesa yana ginawa akan wasu da'awar da masu ba da shawara don ƙarin ayyuka kai tsaye don ganin canje-canje masu inganci na dogon lokaci.

Hudson, CG, Knight, E., Close, SL, Landrum, JP, Bednarek, A., & Shouse, B. (2023). Ba da labari don fahimtar tasirin bincike: Labarai daga Shirin Tekun Lenfest. ICES Jaridar Kimiyyar Ruwa, Vol. 80, Na 2, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /364162068_Telling_stories _to_understand_research_impact_narratives _from_the_Lenfest_Ocean_Program?_sg=sT_Ye5Yb3P-pL9a9fUZD5ODBv-dQfpLaqLr9J-Bieg0mYIBcohU-hhB2YHTlUOVbZ7HZxmFX2tbvuQQ

Shirin Lenfest Ocean ya shirya wani nazari don tantance tallafin da suke bayarwa don gane ko ayyukansu na da tasiri a ciki da wajen da'irar ilimi. Binciken su yana ba da ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar kallon labarun labarun don auna tasirin bincike. Sun gano cewa akwai babban amfani wajen yin amfani da labarun ba da labari don shiga cikin tunani da kuma kimanta tasirin ayyukan da suke bayarwa. Babban abin da za a ɗauka shine tallafawa binciken da ke magance bukatun masu ruwa da tsaki na ruwa da bakin teku yana buƙatar yin tunani game da tasirin bincike a cikin cikakkiyar hanya fiye da kirga wallafe-wallafen da aka yi bita kawai.

Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S… Pecl, GT (2022, Fabrairu). Haɗawa da tekuna: tallafawa ilimin teku da haɗin gwiwar jama'a. Rev Kifi Biol Kifi. 2022;32(1):123-143. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349213591_Connecting_to_the_oceans _supporting _ocean_literacy_and_public_engagement

Ingantacciyar fahimtar jama'a game da teku da mahimmancin amfani da teku mai dorewa, ko ilimin teku, yana da mahimmanci don cimma alkawurran duniya don samun ci gaba mai dorewa nan da 2030 da bayan haka. Marubutan sun mayar da hankali kan direbobi hudu da za su iya yin tasiri da inganta ilimin teku da haɗin gwiwar al'umma zuwa teku: (1) ilimi, (2) haɗin gwiwar al'adu, (3) ci gaban fasaha, da (4) musayar ilimi da haɗin gwiwar manufofin kimiyya. Suna nazarin yadda kowane direba ke taka rawa wajen inganta fahimtar teku don samar da ƙarin tallafi ga al'umma. Marubutan sun haɓaka kayan aikin ilimin teku, hanya mai amfani don haɓaka haɗin teku a cikin faɗuwar yanayi a duniya.

Knowlton, N. (2021). Kyakkyawar fata na teku: Matsar da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin kiyayewar ruwa. Binciken Kimiyyar Ruwa na Shekara-shekara, Vol. 13, 479- 499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 341967041_Ocean_Optimism_Moving_Beyond _the_Obituaries_in_Marine_Conservation

Yayin da tekun ya yi hasarar da yawa, ana samun karuwar shaidun da ke nuna cewa ana samun muhimmin ci gaba a fannin kiyaye ruwa. Yawancin waɗannan nasarorin suna da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da ingantattun jin daɗin ɗan adam. Haka kuma, ingantaccen fahimtar yadda ake aiwatar da dabarun kiyayewa yadda ya kamata, sabbin fasahohi da bayanan bayanai, haɓaka haɗin kan kimiyyar halitta da zamantakewa, da yin amfani da alƙawarin ilmin asali na ci gaba da ci gaba. Babu mafita guda ɗaya; ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na nasara galibi ba su da sauri ko arha kuma suna buƙatar amincewa da haɗin gwiwa. Duk da haka, mai da hankali sosai kan mafita da nasara zai taimaka musu su zama al'ada maimakon banda.

Fielding, S., Copley, JT da Mills, RA (2019). Binciko Tekun Mu: Amfani da Ajin Duniya don Haɓaka Ilimin Teku. Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar Ruwa 6:340. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00340 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 334018450_Exploring_Our_Oceans_Using _the_Global_Classroom_to_Develop_ Ocean_Literacy

Haɓaka ilimin teku na daidaikun mutane na kowane zamani daga kowane ƙasashe, al'adu, da asalin tattalin arziki yana da mahimmanci don sanar da zaɓi don rayuwa mai dorewa a nan gaba, amma yadda ake isa da wakiltar muryoyi daban-daban ƙalubale ne. Don magance wannan matsala marubutan sun ƙirƙiri Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) don ba da kayan aiki mai yuwuwa don cimma wannan buri, saboda za su iya kaiwa ga adadi mai yawa na mutane ciki har da waɗanda suka fito daga yankuna masu ƙanƙanta da matsakaici.

Simmons, B., Archie, M., Clark, S., da Braus, J. (2017). Sharuɗɗa don Nagarta: Haɗuwa da Jama'a. Ƙungiyar Arewacin Amirka don Ilimin Muhalli. PDF. https://eepro.naaee.org/sites/default/files/ eepro-post-files/ community_engagement_guidelines_pdf.pdf

NAAEE ta buga jagororin al'umma da kayan tallafi suna ba da haske game da yadda shugabannin al'umma za su iya girma a matsayin masu ilimi da yin amfani da bambancin. Jagoran sa hannu na al'umma ya lura cewa mahimman halaye guda biyar don kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa suna tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryen sun kasance: tushen al'umma, bisa ingantattun ka'idodin Ilimin Muhalli, haɗin kai da haɗa kai, mai karkata zuwa haɓaka iya aiki da ayyukan jama'a, kuma su ne dogon lokaci na saka hannun jari a cikin canji. Rahoton ya ƙare da wasu ƙarin albarkatu waɗanda za su kasance masu amfani ga mutanen da ba su da ilimi waɗanda ke neman yin ƙarin aiki tare da al'ummomin yankinsu.

Karfe, BS, Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., Warner-Steel, R. (2005). Karatun Ilimin Tekun Jama'a a Amurka. Tekun Tekun. Manag. 2005, Vol. 48, 97-114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223767179_Public_ocean_literacy_in _the_United_States

Wannan binciken yana bincika matakan ilimin jama'a na yanzu game da teku kuma yana bincika alaƙar riƙe ilimi. Yayin da mazauna bakin teku suka ce sun fi wadanda ke zaune a yankunan da ba na bakin teku ba dan kadan, masu amsa ga bakin teku da wadanda ba na gabar teku ba suna da matsala wajen gano muhimman sharudda da kuma amsa tambayoyin teku. Karancin ilimi game da batutuwan teku yana nuna cewa jama'a na buƙatar samun damar samun ingantattun bayanai da aka isar da su yadda ya kamata. Dangane da yadda ake isar da bayanai, masu binciken sun gano cewa talabijin da rediyo suna da mummunan tasiri a kan rike ilimi kuma intanet na da tasiri gaba daya kan rike ilimi.

---

3. Canjin Halaye

Takaita 3.1

Thomas-Walters, L., McCallum, J., Montgomery, R., Petros, C., Wan, AKY, Veríssimo, D. (2022, Satumba) Bita na tsari na tsare-tsare don haɓaka canjin halin son rai. Ilimin Halitta. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363384308_Systematic_review _of_conservation_interventions_to_ promote_voluntary_behavior_change

Fahimtar ɗabi'ar ɗan adam yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ayyukan da ke haifar da canjin yanayin muhalli yadda ya kamata. Marubutan sun gudanar da nazari na yau da kullun don tantance yadda tasirin da ba na kuɗi ba da kuma ba da ka'ida ba ya kasance wajen canza halayen muhalli, tare da bayanan sama da 300,000 da ke mai da hankali kan nazarin mutum 128. Yawancin karatu sun ba da rahoton sakamako mai kyau kuma masu binciken sun gano shaida mai ƙarfi cewa ilimi, faɗakarwa, da kuma ba da amsa za su iya haifar da canjin hali mai kyau, ko da yake mafi mahimmancin shiga tsakani ya yi amfani da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa a cikin shirin guda ɗaya. Bugu da ari, wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai na nuna buƙatar ƙarin karatu tare da ƙididdiga bayanai da ake buƙata don tallafawa girma na canjin yanayin muhalli.

Huckins, G. (2022, Agusta, 18). The Psychology of Inspiration and Climate Action. Waya https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/ the-psychology-of-inspiring-everyday-climate-action.html

Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken bayyani na yadda zaɓi da halaye na mutum zai iya taimakawa yanayi kuma ya bayyana yadda fahimtar canjin hali zai iya ƙarfafa aiki a ƙarshe. Wannan yana nuna babbar matsala wacce yawancin mutane suka fahimci barazanar sauyin yanayi da ɗan adam ke haifarwa, amma kaɗan ne suka san abin da za su iya yi a matsayinsu na ɗaiɗai don rage ta.

Tavri, P. (2021). Tazarar aiki mai ƙima: babban shamaki wajen dorewar canjin ɗabi'a. Wasiƙun Ilimi, Mataki na 501. DOI:10.20935/AL501 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350316201_Value_action_gap_a_ major_barrier_in_sustaining_behaviour_change

Littattafan sauye-sauyen yanayin muhalli (wanda har yanzu yana da iyaka dangane da sauran fagagen muhalli) yana nuna cewa akwai shingen da ake kira "darajar aikin aiki". A wasu kalmomi, akwai gibi a cikin aiwatar da ka'idoji, kamar yadda ka'idodin sukan ɗauka cewa mutane masu hankali ne waɗanda ke yin amfani da bayanan da aka bayar akai-akai. Marubucin ya kammala da ba da shawarar cewa tazarar ayyukan ƙima na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke hana canjin ɗabi'a kuma yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da hanyoyin guje wa kuskure da jahilcin jama'a a farkon lokacin ƙirƙirar sadarwa, haɗin gwiwa, da kayan aikin kiyayewa don canjin ɗabi'a.

Balmford, A., Bradbury, RB, Bauer, JM, Broad, S. . . Nielsen, KS (2021). Samar da ingantaccen amfani da kimiyyar ɗabi'a na ɗan adam a cikin ayyukan kiyayewa. Tsarin Halittu, 261, 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 353175141_Making_more_effective _use_of_human_behavioural_science_in _conservation_interventions

Kiyaye galibi motsa jiki ne a ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa marubutan suna jayayya cewa kimiyyar ɗabi'a ba harsashi na azurfa ba ne don kiyayewa kuma wasu canje-canje na iya zama masu sassaucin ra'ayi, na ɗan lokaci, da dogaro da mahallin, duk da haka canji na iya faruwa, kodayake ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Wannan bayanin yana da taimako musamman ga waɗanda ke haɓaka sabbin shirye-shirye waɗanda ke yin la'akari da canjin ɗabi'a yayin da tsare-tsare har ma da zane-zanen da ke cikin wannan takaddar suna ba da jagora kai tsaye na matakai shida da aka tsara na zaɓi, aiwatarwa, da kimanta ayyukan canjin hali don kiyaye bambancin halittu.

Gravert, C. da Nobel, N. (2019). Aiki da Kimiyyar Halayyar: Jagorar Gabatarwa. Rashin tasiri. PDF.

Wannan gabatarwar kimiyyar ɗabi'a tana ba da cikakken bayani game da fagen, bayanai kan kwakwalwar ɗan adam, yadda ake sarrafa bayanai, da rashin fahimtar juna. Mawallafa sun gabatar da samfurin yanke shawara na ɗan adam don ƙirƙirar canjin hali. Jagoran yana ba da bayanai ga masu karatu don nazarin dalilin da yasa mutane basa yin abin da ya dace don muhalli da kuma yadda son zuciya ke hana canjin hali. Ya kamata ayyuka su kasance masu sauƙi da sauƙi tare da maƙasudai da na'urorin sadaukarwa - duk mahimman abubuwan da waɗanda ke cikin duniyar kiyayewa ke buƙatar yin la'akari da su yayin ƙoƙarin sa mutane su shiga cikin batutuwan muhalli.

Wynes, S. da Nicholas, K. (2017, Yuli). Tazarar rage sauyin yanayi: ilimi da shawarwarin gwamnati sun rasa mafi inganci ayyuka na mutum. Rubuce-rubucen Labarai na Muhalli, Vol. 12, Na 7 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 318353145_The_climate_mitigation _gap_Education_and_government_ recommendations_miss_the_most_effective _individual_actions

Sauyin yanayi yana haifar da lahani ga muhalli. Marubutan sun duba yadda daidaikun mutane za su iya daukar matakin magance wannan matsalar. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa a ɗauki matakan tasiri da ƙarancin hayaƙi, musamman: a haifi yara kaɗan, ba tare da mota ba, guje wa tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama, da cin abinci mai gina jiki. Duk da yake waɗannan shawarwarin na iya zama kamar matsananci ga wasu, sun kasance jigon tattaunawa na yanzu game da sauyin yanayi da halayen mutum ɗaya. Wannan labarin yana da amfani ga waɗanda ke neman ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan ilimi da ayyukan mutum ɗaya.

Schultz, PW, da FG Kaiser. (2012). Haɓaka halayen halayen muhalli. A cikin latsawa a cikin S. Clayton, edita. Littafin Jagora na ilimin halin muhalli da kiyayewa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Birtaniya. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 365789168_The_Oxford_Handbook _of_Environmental_and _Conservation_Psychology

Ilimin halin mutuntaka wani fanni ne mai girma wanda ke mai da hankali kan illolin hasashe, ɗabi'a, da ɗabi'ar ɗan adam akan jin daɗin muhalli. Wannan littafin jagora yana ba da ma'anar ma'ana da bayanin ilimin halin ɗabi'a da kuma tsarin aiwatar da ka'idodin ilimin halin ɗabi'a zuwa nazarin ilimi daban-daban da ayyukan fage masu aiki. Wannan daftarin aiki yana da matukar amfani ga masu ilimi da ƙwararrun masu neman ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen muhalli waɗanda suka haɗa da masu ruwa da tsaki da al'ummomin gida na dogon lokaci.

Schultz, W. (2011). Kiyaye Yana nufin Canjin Halaye. Halittar Kiyaye, Juzu'i na 25, Na 6, 1080-1083. Society for Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01766.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 51787256_Conservation_Means_Behavior

Nazarin ya nuna cewa gabaɗaya akwai babban matakin damuwa na jama'a game da al'amuran muhalli, duk da haka, ba a sami sauye-sauye masu ban mamaki ba a cikin ayyukan sirri ko kuma yanayin ɗabi'a. Marubucin ya bayar da hujjar cewa kiyayewa wata manufa ce da za a iya cimma ta hanyar wuce ilimi da wayewa don canza dabi'a a zahiri kuma ya kammala da cewa "kokarin kiyayewa da masana kimiyyar dabi'a ke jagoranta zai kasance da amfani wajen shigar da masana kimiyyar zamantakewa da halayya" wanda ya wuce sauki. yakin neman ilimi da wayar da kan jama'a.

Dietz, T., G. Gardner, J. Gilligan, P. Stern, da M. Vandenbergh. (2009). Ayyukan gida na iya ba da ɓangarorin ɗabi'a don rage fitar da iskar carbon da sauri na Amurka. Sharuɗɗan Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa 106: 18452-18456. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 38037816_Household_Actions_Can _Provide_a_Behavioral_Wedge_to_Rapidly _Reduce_US_Carbon_Emissions

A tarihi, an ba da fifiko kan ayyukan daidaikun mutane da gidaje don magance sauyin yanayi, kuma wannan labarin ya dubi gaskiyar waɗannan ikirari. Masu binciken suna amfani da tsarin ɗabi'a don bincika ayyukan 17 da mutane za su iya ɗauka don rage fitar da iskar carbon su. Matsalolin sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance ga: yanayin yanayi, ƙananan ruwan shawa, motoci masu amfani da man fetur, gyaran mota na yau da kullum, bushewar layi, da motar motsa jiki/canza tafiya. Masu binciken sun gano cewa aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan na ƙasa zai iya ceton kimanin tan miliyan 123 na carbon a kowace shekara ko kashi 7.4% na hayaƙin ƙasar Amurka, ba tare da wani cikas ba ga jin daɗin gida.

Clayton, S., da G. Myers (2015). Psychology na kiyayewa: fahimta da haɓaka kulawar ɗan adam don yanayi, bugu na biyu. Gidajan sayarwa A Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey ISBN: 978-1-118-87460-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 330981002_Conservation_psychology _Understanding_and_promoting_human_care _for_nature

Clayton da Myers suna kallon mutane a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin halittu na halitta da kuma bincika yadda ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ke tasiri kan kwarewar mutum a cikin yanayi, da kuma tsarin gudanarwa da kuma tsarin birane. Littafin da kansa ya yi bayani dalla-dalla kan ka'idodin ilimin halin ɗabi'a, ya ba da misalai, kuma ya ba da shawarar hanyoyin ƙara kulawa ga yanayi ta al'ummomi. Manufar littafin ita ce fahimtar yadda mutane suke tunani, gogewa, da hulɗa da yanayi wanda ke da mahimmanci don haɓaka dorewar muhalli da kuma jin daɗin ɗan adam.

Darnton, A. (2008, Yuli). Rahoton Bincike: Bayanin Samfuran Canjin Halaye da Amfaninsu. GSR Halin Canjin Ilimi Nazari. Binciken Zamantakewar Gwamnati. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 254787539_Reference_Report_ An_overview_of_behaviour_change_models _and_their_uses

Wannan rahoto yana duban bambanci tsakanin ƙirar ɗabi'a da ra'ayoyin canji. Wannan daftarin aiki yana ba da bayyani na zato na tattalin arziki, halaye, da wasu abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda ke yin tasiri ga ɗabi'a, sannan kuma yayi bayanin yadda ake amfani da ƙirar ɗabi'a, nassoshi don fahimtar canji, kuma ya ƙare tare da jagora akan amfani da ƙirar ɗabi'a tare da ka'idodin canji. Fihirisar Darnton zuwa Fitattun Model da Ka'idodi ya sa wannan rubutu ya zama mai isa ga waɗanda sababbi don fahimtar canjin ɗabi'a.

Thrash, T., Moldovan, E., da Oleynick, V. (2014) The Psychology of Inspiration. Harkokin Kasuwanci da Personabi'ar Mutum Vol. 8, No. 9. DOI: 10.1111 / spc3.12127. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Social-and-Personality-Psychology-Compass-1751-9004

Masu bincike sun yi tambaya a cikin fahimtar ilhami a matsayin mahimmin fasalin aiki mai motsa rai. Marubutan sun fara fayyace ilhami dangane da nazarin wallafe-wallafen haɗaka da zayyana hanyoyi daban-daban. Na biyu, suna nazarin wallafe-wallafen akan inganta inganci sannan ingantaccen ka'ida da bincike, suna mai da hankali kan rawar da ake takawa wajen inganta isar da kayayyaki masu wuyar gaske. A ƙarshe, suna amsa tambayoyi akai-akai da rashin fahimta game da ilhami kuma suna ba da shawarwari game da yadda za a inganta haɓakawa cikin wasu ko kuma kan kanku.

Uzzell, DL 2000. Matsayin psycho-spatial girma na matsalolin muhalli na duniya. Jaridar Muhalli Psychology. 20: 307-318. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223072457_The_psycho-spatial_dimension_of_global_ environmental_problems

An gudanar da bincike a Australia, Ingila, Ireland, da Slovakia. Sakamakon kowane binciken yana nuna cewa masu amsa ba kawai suna iya fahimtar matsaloli a matakin duniya ba, amma ana samun tasirin nesa kamar yadda ake ganin matsalolin muhalli sun fi tsanani yayin da suke nesa da mai fahimta. An kuma sami wata alaƙar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin ma'anar alhakin matsalolin muhalli da ma'aunin sararin samaniya wanda ke haifar da jin rashin ƙarfi a matakin duniya. Takardar ta ƙare da tattaunawa game da ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na tunani waɗanda ke sanar da nazarin marubucin game da matsalolin muhalli na duniya.

Aikace-aikacen 3.2

Cusa, M., Falcão, L., De Jesus, J. et al. (2021). Kifi daga ruwa: rashin sanin masu amfani da bayyanar nau'in kifin kasuwanci. Sustain Sci Vol. 16, 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00932-z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350064459_Fish_out_of_water_ consumers’_unfamiliarity_with_the_ appearance_of_commercial_fish_species

Takaddun abincin teku suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa masu amfani da su wajen siyan kayayyakin kifi da kuma ƙarfafa ayyukan kamun kifi mai dorewa. Marubutan sun yi nazari kan mutane 720 a fadin kasashen Turai shida, kuma sun gano cewa masu amfani da Turai ba su da kyakkyawar fahimtar kamannin kifin da suke cinyewa, inda masu amfani da Birtaniyya ke yin mafi talauci da na Spain. Sun gano mahimmancin al'adu idan kifi yana da tasiri, watau, idan wani nau'in kifin yana da mahimmanci a al'adance za'a gano shi da girma fiye da sauran kifayen da aka fi sani. Marubutan suna jayayya cewa fayyace kasuwar cin abincin teku za ta kasance a buɗe ga rashin adalci har sai masu siye su sami ƙarin alaƙa da abincin su.

Sánchez-Jiménez, A., MacMillan, D., Wolff, M., Schlüter, A., Fujitani, M., (2021). Muhimmancin Darajoji a Hasashe da Ƙarfafa Halayen Muhalli: Tunani Daga Ƙarshen Kamun Kifi na Costa Rica, Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar Ruwa, 10.3389/fmars.2021.543075, 8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349589441_The_Importance_of_ Values_in_Predicting_and_Encouraging _Environmental_Behavior_Reflections _From_a_Costa_Rican_Small-Scale_Fishery

A cikin mahallin ƙananan kamun kifi, ayyukan kamun kifi marasa dorewa suna yin illa ga amincin al'ummomin da ke bakin teku da kuma yanayin muhalli. Binciken ya duba canjin hali tare da masunta na gillnet a cikin Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, don kwatanta abubuwan da suka gabata na halayen muhalli tsakanin mahalarta waɗanda suka sami shiga tsakani na tushen muhalli. Ka'idoji na sirri da kuma dabi'u sun kasance masu mahimmanci wajen bayyana tallafin matakan gudanarwa, tare da wasu halayen kamun kifi (misali, wurin kamun kifi). Binciken ya nuna mahimmancin shiga tsakani na ilimi wanda ke koyarwa game da tasirin kamun kifi a cikin yanayin muhalli tare da taimakawa mahalarta su fahimci kansu a matsayin masu iya aiwatar da ayyuka.

McDonald, G., Wilson, M., Verissimo, D., Twohey, R., Clemence, M., Apistar, D., Box, S., Butler, P., et al. (2020). Ƙarfafa Gudanar da Kifi Mai Dorewa Ta Hanyar Canjin Hali. Biology na Kiyaye, Vol. 34, Na 5 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339009378_Catalyzing_ sustainable_fisheries_management_though _behavior_change_interventions

Mawallafa sun nemi fahimtar yadda tallace-tallacen zamantakewa na iya ƙara fahimtar fa'idodin gudanarwa da sababbin ka'idoji na zamantakewa. Masu binciken sun gudanar da bincike na gani a karkashin ruwa don ƙididdige yanayin muhalli da kuma gudanar da binciken gida a cikin shafuka 41 a Brazil, Indonesia, da Philippines. Sun gano cewa al'ummomi suna haɓaka sabbin ka'idoji na zamantakewa da kuma kamun kifi mai dorewa kafin fa'idojin kula da kamun kifi na dogon lokaci ya tabbata. Don haka, kula da kamun kifi ya kamata ya ƙara yin la’akari da abubuwan da ke faruwa na dogon lokaci na al’umma tare da daidaita ayyuka zuwa ga fagage bisa abubuwan da al’ummomi ke rayuwa.

Valauri-Orton, A. (2018). Canza Halayen Boarter don Kare Ciwan Teku: Kayan Aikin Kayan aiki don Zanewa da Aiwatar da Gangamin Canjin Halaye don Rigakafin Lalacewar Ruwan Teku. The Ocean Foundation. PDF. https://oceanfdn.org/calculator/kits-for-boaters/

Duk da ƙoƙarin rage lalacewar ciyawa, tabon ciyawa saboda ayyukan jirgin ruwa ya kasance barazana mai ƙarfi. Rahoton an yi niyya ne don samar da mafi kyawun ayyuka don yaƙin neman sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a ta hanyar samar da tsarin aiwatar da aikin mataki-mataki wanda ke jaddada buƙatar samar da mahallin gida, ta yin amfani da saƙon bayyananne, mai sauƙi, da aiwatarwa, da kuma amfani da ka'idodin canjin ɗabi'a. Rahoton ya zana daga aikin da ya gabata na musamman ga isar da jirgin ruwa da kuma faffadan kiyayewa da motsin canjin hali. Kayan aikin ya haɗa da tsarin ƙira na misali kuma yana ba da takamaiman ƙira da abubuwan bincike waɗanda za a iya sake amfani da su da sake sake su ta hanyar manajan albarkatun don dacewa da bukatunsu. An ƙirƙiri wannan albarkatun a cikin 2016 kuma an sabunta shi a cikin 2018.

Costanzo, M., D. Archer, E. Aronson, da T. Pettigrew. 1986. Halin kiyaye makamashi: hanya mai wahala daga bayanai zuwa aiki. Masanin ilimin halin ɗan adam na Amurka 41: 521-528.

Bayan ganin yanayin wasu mutane ne kawai ke ɗaukar matakan kiyaye makamashi, marubutan sun ƙirƙiri abin ƙira don bincika abubuwan tunani waɗanda ke nuni ga yadda shawarar mutum ke aiwatar da bayanai. Sun gano cewa amincin tushen bayanai, fahimtar saƙon, da fayyace hujjar don adana makamashi shine mafi kusantar ganin canje-canje masu aiki inda mutum zai ɗauki muhimmin mataki don girka ko amfani da na'urorin kiyayewa. Duk da yake wannan shine makamashi mai da hankali-maimakon teku ko ma yanayi, yana ɗaya daga cikin binciken farko game da halayen kiyayewa wanda ke nuna yadda filin ya ci gaba a yau.

3.3 Tausayin Dabi'a

Yasué, M., Kockel, A., Dearden, P. (2022). Tasirin tunani na wuraren da aka karewa tushen al'umma, Kiyaye Ruwa: Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwan Ruwa, 10.1002/aqc.3801, Vol. 32, Na 6, 1057-1072 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 359316538_The_psychological_impacts_ of_community-based_protected_areas

Marubuta Yasué, Kockel, da Dearden sun kalli tasirin halayen waɗanda ke kusa da MPAs na dogon lokaci. Binciken ya gano cewa masu amsawa a cikin al'ummomin da ke da matsakaitan shekaru da tsofaffi MPA sun gano fa'idar tasirin MPA mai fa'ida. Bugu da ari, masu amsawa daga matsakaitan shekaru da tsofaffi MPAs suna da ƙarancin motsa jiki marasa cin gashin kai don shiga cikin gudanarwar MPA kuma suna da ƙimar girman kai, kamar kula da yanayi. Waɗannan sakamakon suna ba da shawarar cewa MPA na tushen al'umma na iya ƙarfafa sauye-sauye na tunani a cikin al'ummomi kamar babban dalili mai cin gashin kansa don kula da yanayi da haɓaka ƙimar girman kai, waɗanda duka biyun na iya tallafawa kiyayewa.

Lehnen, L., Arbieu, U., Böhning-Gaese, K., Díaz, S., Glikman, J., Mueller, T., (2022). Sake Tunanin dangantakar mutum ɗaya tare da mahallin yanayi, Mutane da Hali, 10.1002/pan3.10296, Vol. 4, Na 3, 596-611. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357831992_Rethinking_individual _relationships_with_entities_of_nature

Gane bambance-bambance a cikin alaƙar ɗabi'a a cikin mahallin daban-daban, abubuwan halitta, da daidaikun mutane sune jigon gudanar da daidaiton yanayi da gudummawarta ga mutane da kuma tsara ingantattun dabaru don ƙarfafawa da jagoranci mafi ɗorewar ɗabi'un ɗan adam. Masu binciken suna jayayya cewa idan aka yi la'akari da takamaiman ra'ayi na mutum-da kuma mahallin, to, aikin kiyayewa zai iya zama mafi daidaito, musamman a hanyoyin sarrafa fa'idodi da illolin da mutane ke samu daga yanayi, da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da ingantattun dabaru don daidaita halayen ɗan adam tare da kiyayewa da kiyayewa. dorewa manufofin.

Fox N, Marshall J, Dankel DJ. (2021, Mayu). Karatun Teku da Watsa Ruwa: Fahimtar Yadda Mu'amala a Tsarin Muhalli na Teku ke sanar da Fadakarwar Mai Amfani da Sararin Samaniya Game da Teku. Int J Environ Res lafiyar lafiyar jama'a. Vol. 18 No.11, 5819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115819. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 351962054_Ocean_Literacy _and_Surfing_Understanding_How_Interactions _in_Coastal_Ecosystems _Inform_Blue_Space_ User%27s_Awareness_of_the_Ocean

Wannan binciken na mahalarta 249 ya tattara duka bayanai masu inganci da ƙididdiga waɗanda aka mayar da hankali kan masu amfani da teku na nishaɗi, musamman masu hawan igiyar ruwa, da kuma yadda ayyukan sararin samaniyarsu na shuɗi za su iya sanar da fahimtar hanyoyin teku da haɗin gwiwar ɗan adam da teku. An yi amfani da Ka'idodin Karatun Teku don tantance wayewar teku ta hanyar hulɗar hawan igiyar ruwa don haɓaka ƙarin fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru na hawan igiyar ruwa, ta amfani da tsarin tsarin zamantakewa-muhalli don ƙirar sakamakon hawan igiyar ruwa. Sakamakon ya gano cewa lallai masu hawan igiyar ruwa suna samun fa'idodin ilimin teku, musamman uku daga cikin ƙa'idodin Ilimin Teku guda bakwai, kuma ilimin teku yana da fa'ida kai tsaye da yawa daga cikin rukunin samfuran ke samu.

Blythe, J., Baird, J., Bennett, N., Dale, G., Nash, K., Pickering, G., Wabnitz, C. (2021, Maris 3). Haɓaka Tausayin Teku Ta Hanyoyi na gaba. Mutane da Hali. 3:1284–1296. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10253. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 354368024_Fostering_ocean_empathy _through_future_scenarios

Ana ɗaukar tausayi ga yanayi a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don ci gaba da hulɗa tare da biosphere. Bayan bayar da taƙaitaccen ka'idar tausayin teku da yiwuwar sakamako na ayyuka ko rashin aiki dangane da makomar teku, da ake kira yanayi, marubutan sun ƙaddara cewa yanayin rashin tausayi ya haifar da mafi girman matakan tausayi idan aka kwatanta da kyakkyawan yanayin. Wannan binciken sananne ne domin yana nuna raguwar matakan tausayawa (komawa zuwa matakan gwaji) watanni uku kacal bayan an ba da darussan tausayawar teku. Don haka, don yin tasiri a cikin dogon lokaci fiye da darussa masu sauƙi da ake buƙata.

Sunassee, A.; Bokhoree, C.; Patrizio, A. (2021). Tausayin Dalibai don Muhalli ta hanyar Ilimin Wuri na Eco-Art. Ecologies 2021, 2, 214-247. DOI: 10.3390/ecologies2030014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 352811810_A_Designed_Eco-Art_and_Place-Based_Curriculum_Encouraging_Students%27 _Empathy_for_the_Environment

Wannan binciken ya duba yadda ɗalibai ke da alaƙa da yanayi, abin da ke shafar aƙidar ɗalibi da kuma yadda ake rinjayar ɗabi'a, da kuma yadda ayyukan ɗalibai na iya ba da ƙarin fahimtar yadda za su iya ba da gudummawa mai ma'ana ga manufofin duniya. Manufar wannan binciken shine don nazarin takardun bincike na ilimi da aka buga a fannin ilimin fasahar muhalli don gano abin da ke da tasiri mafi girma da kuma haskaka yadda za su iya taimakawa wajen inganta matakan da aka aiwatar. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa irin wannan bincike na iya taimakawa wajen inganta ilimin fasahar muhalli bisa aiki da kuma yin la'akari da kalubalen bincike na gaba.

Michael J. Manfredo, Tara L. Teel, Richard EW Berl, Jeremy T. Bruskotter, Shinobu Kitayama, Canjin darajar zamantakewa don kiyaye bambancin halittu a Amurka, Dorewar yanayi, 10.1038/s41893-020-00655-6, 4, 4, (323-330), (2020).

Wannan binciken ya gano cewa karuwar amincewa da dabi'un juna (ganin namun daji a matsayin wani bangare na zamantakewar mutum da kuma cancanta kamar dan Adam) ya kasance tare da raguwar dabi'un da ke jaddada mallake (maganin namun daji a matsayin albarkatun da za a yi amfani da su don amfanin bil'adama), yanayin da ya ci gaba da ci gaba. ana iya gani a cikin nazarin ƙungiyar tsararru. Har ila yau, binciken ya gano ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi tsakanin dabi'u-matakin jihohi da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin birane, suna haɗa ƙaura zuwa abubuwan tattalin arziki na macro-matakin. Sakamako suna ba da sakamako mai kyau don kiyayewa amma ikon filin don daidaitawa zai zama mahimmanci don gane waɗannan sakamakon.

Lotze, HK, Guest, H., O'Leary, J., Tuda, A., da Wallace, D. (2018). Ra'ayin jama'a game da barazanar ruwa da kariya daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Tekun Tekun. Sarrafa. 152, 14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321274396_Public_perceptions_of_marine _threats_and_protection_from_around_the _world

Wannan binciken ya kwatanta binciken ra'ayin jama'a game da barazanar ruwa da kariyar da ke tattare da masu amsa sama da 32,000 a cikin kasashe 21. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kashi 70 cikin 15 na masu amsa sun yi imanin cewa yanayin teku yana fuskantar barazana daga ayyukan ɗan adam, amma duk da haka, 73% kawai suna tunanin lafiyar tekun ba ta da kyau ko kuma tana barazana. Masu ba da amsa suna lissafta batutuwan gurbatar yanayi a matsayin mafi girman barazana, sai kamun kifi, canjin wurin zama, da sauyin yanayi. Dangane da kariyar teku, kashi XNUMX% na masu amsa suna goyon bayan MPAs a yankinsu, akasin haka, sun yi kiyasin yankin da ake karewa a halin yanzu. Wannan daftarin aiki ya fi dacewa ga manajojin ruwa, masu tsara manufofi, masu aikin kiyayewa, da malamai don inganta tsarin kula da ruwa da tsare-tsaren kiyayewa.

Martin, VY, Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). 'Yin abin da ya dace': Ta yaya kimiyyar zamantakewa za ta iya taimakawa wajen samar da canjin yanayin muhalli a wuraren da ake kariyar ruwa. Manufar Marine, 81, 236-246. doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.001 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316034159_’Doing_the_right_thing’ _How_social_science_can_help_foster_pro-environmental_behaviour_change_in_marine _protected_areas

Manajojin MPAs sun ba da rahoton cewa an kama su tsakanin manyan abubuwan da ke fafatawa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa halayen masu amfani da su don rage tasirin muhallin teku yayin ba da damar amfani da nishaɗi. Don magance wannan mawallafa suna jayayya don ingantaccen dabarun canza ɗabi'a don rage halayen matsala a cikin MPAs da ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin kiyayewa. Labarin yana ba da sabbin dabaru da fahimta game da yadda za su iya taimaka wa gudanarwar MPA don yin niyya da canza takamaiman halaye waɗanda a ƙarshe ke tallafawa ƙimar wuraren shakatawa na ruwa.

A De Young, R. (2013). "Bayyana Ilimin Halitta Muhalli." A cikin Ann H. Huffman & Stephanie Klein [Eds.] Ƙungiyoyin Green: Canjin Tuki tare da Ilimin Halin IO. Pp. 17-33. NY: Rarraba. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 259286195_Environmental_Psychology_ Overview

Ilimin halayyar muhalli wani fanni ne na nazari wanda ke nazarin alakar mahalli da tasirin dan Adam, fahimta, da halayya. Wannan babi na littafi yana yin nazari mai zurfi a cikin ilimin halin muhalli wanda ke rufe hulɗar ɗan adam da muhalli da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi wajen ƙarfafa ɗabi'a mai ma'ana a ƙarƙashin gwada yanayin muhalli da zamantakewa. Duk da yake ba a mai da hankali kan batutuwan ruwa kai tsaye ba wannan yana taimakawa saita matakin don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan ilimin halayyar muhalli.

McKinley, E., Fletcher, S. (2010). Alhakin mutum ɗaya na teku? Ƙimar zama ɗan ƙasa na ruwa daga masu aikin ruwa na Burtaniya. Gudanar da Tekun Ruwa & Teku, Vol. 53, Na 7,379-384. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 245123669_Individual_responsibility _for_the_oceans_An_evaluation_of_marine _citizenship_by_UK_marine_practitioners

A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, tsarin tafiyar da muhallin ruwa ya samo asali ne daga zama na farko a sama da na jihohi zuwa ga kasancewa mai shiga tsakani da zamantakewar al'umma. Wannan takarda ta ba da shawarar cewa tsawaita wannan yanayin zai zama nuni ga fahimtar al'umma na zama ɗan ƙasa na ruwa don isar da kulawa mai dorewa da kare muhallin teku ta hanyar haɓaka ɗaiɗaikun mutane cikin haɓaka manufofi da aiwatarwa. Daga cikin masu aikin ruwa, babban matakin shigar da jama'a a cikin kula da yanayin ruwa zai amfana sosai ga muhallin teku, tare da ƙarin fa'ida mai yiwuwa ta hanyar ƙarin fahimtar zama ɗan ƙasa na ruwa.

Zelezny, LC & Schultz, PW (eds.). 2000. Inganta muhalli. Littafin Labaran Lafiya 56, 3, 365-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00172 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227686773_Psychology _of_Promoting_Environmentalism_ Promoting_Environmentalism

Wannan fitowar ta Journal of Social al'amurran da suka shafi mayar da hankali a kan ilimin halin dan Adam, zamantakewa, da kuma jama'a manufofin al'amurran da suka shafi muhallin duniya. Makasudin batun shine (1) bayyana yanayin muhalli da muhalli a halin yanzu, (2) gabatar da sabbin dabaru da bincike kan halaye da halayen muhalli, da (3) bincika cikas da la'akari da ɗabi'a wajen haɓaka haɓakar muhalli. aiki.

---

4. Education

4.1 STEM da Tekun

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2020). Ilimin Teku: Muhimman Ka'idoji da Muhimman Ka'idoji na Kimiyyar Teku don Masu Koyan Zamani. Washington, DC. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ literacy.html

Fahimtar teku yana da mahimmanci don fahimta da kuma kare wannan duniyar da muke rayuwa a kanta. Manufar Kamfen Karatun Teku shine don magance rashin abubuwan da suka shafi teku a cikin ka'idojin ilimin kimiyya na jihohi da na ƙasa, kayan koyarwa, da kimantawa.

4.2 Albarkatun K-12 Malamai

Payne, D., Halversen, C., da Schoedinger, SE (2021, Yuli). Littafin Jagora don Haɓaka Ilimin Teku don Malamai da Masu Shawarar Karatun Teku. Ƙungiyar Malaman Ruwa ta Ƙasa. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363157493_A_Handbook_for_ Increasing_Ocean_Literacy_Tools_for _Educators_and_Ocean_Literacy_Advocates

Wannan littafin jagora hanya ce ga malamai don koyarwa, koyo, da sadarwa game da teku. Duk da yake an yi niyya da farko don malaman aji da malamai na yau da kullun don amfani da kayan ilimi, shirye-shirye, nune-nune, da haɓaka ayyuka a cikin Amurka, waɗannan albarkatu na iya amfani da kowa, a ko'ina, wanda ke neman haɓaka ilimin teku. An haɗa da zane-zane na ra'ayi guda 28 na Matsakaicin Ilimin Teku da Jeri don maki K-12.

Tsai, Liang-Ting (2019, Oktoba). Tasirin Matakai da yawa na Dalibi da Abubuwan Makaranta akan Karatun Tekun Manyan Dalibai. Dorewa Vol. 11 DOI: 10.3390/su11205810.

Babban abin da aka gano na wannan binciken shi ne, ga manyan daliban makarantar sakandare a Taiwan, abubuwan da suka shafi daidaikun mutane su ne farkon abubuwan da ke haifar da ilimin teku. A takaice dai, abubuwan matakin ɗalibi sun ɗauki babban kaso na jimlar bambance-bambancen karatu na ɗalibai fiye da abubuwan matakin makaranta. Koyaya, yawan karatun litattafai ko mujallu masu jigo a cikin teku sun kasance masu hasashen ilimin teku, yayin da, a matakin makaranta, yankin makaranta da wurin makaranta sune mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri ga ilimin teku.

Ƙungiyar Malaman Ruwa ta Ƙasa. (2010). Iyakar Karatun Teku da Jeri don maki K-12. Gangamin Karatun Teku Mai Nuna Iyakar Karatun Teku & Jeri don maki K-12, NMEA. https://www.marine-ed.org/ocean-literacy/scope-and-sequence

Ƙididdigar Karatun Teku da Jeri don maki K-12 kayan aiki ne na koyarwa wanda ke ba da jagora ga malamai don taimaka wa ɗaliban su cimma cikakkiyar fahimtar teku ta hanyoyin da suka fi rikitarwa a cikin shekaru masu zurfin tunani, koyarwar kimiyya.

---

5. Diversity, ãdalci, haɗawa, da Adalci

Adams, L., Bintiff, A., Jannke, H., da Kacez, D. (2023). UC San Diego masu karatun digiri na biyu da Cibiyar Ganowa ta Ocean sun haɗu don samar da shirin matukin jirgi a cikin jagoranci na al'ada. Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 366767133_UC_San_Diego _Undergraduates_and_the_Ocean_ Discovery_Institute_Collaborate_to_ Form_a_Pilot_Program_in_Culturally_ Responsive_Mentoring

Akwai babban rashin bambance-bambance a kimiyyar teku. Hanya ɗaya da za a iya inganta wannan ita ce ta aiwatar da ayyukan koyarwa da jagoranci masu dacewa da al'ada a cikin bututun K-jami'a. A cikin wannan labarin, masu bincike sun bayyana sakamakonsu na farko da darussan da suka koya daga shirin matukin jirgi don ilmantar da gungun masu karatun digiri daban-daban na launin fata a cikin ayyukan jagoranci masu mahimmancin al'adu da ba su damar yin amfani da sabbin dabarun da suka samu tare da ɗaliban K-12. Wannan yana goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa ɗalibai ta hanyar karatun digiri na biyu na iya zama masu ba da shawara ga al'umma kuma ga waɗanda ke gudanar da shirye-shiryen kimiyyar teku don ba da fifikon bambancin da haɗawa cikin la'akari yayin aiki akan shirye-shiryen kimiyyar teku.

Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra Gonçalves, A. Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, S., Prelovec, L., Sink, K. ( 2023, Maris). Samar da Karatun Tekun Ya Haɗa da Samun Dama. Da'a a Kimiyya da Siyasar Muhalli DOI: 10.3354/esep00196. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348567915_Making_Ocean _Literacy_Inclusive_and_Accessible

Marubutan suna jayayya cewa shiga cikin ilimin kimiyyar ruwa a tarihi ya kasance dama ga wasu ƙananan mutane da ke da damar samun ilimi mafi girma, kayan aiki na musamman, da kuma kudade na bincike. Duk da haka, ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar, fasaha na ruhaniya, masu amfani da teku, da sauran ƙungiyoyin da suka riga sun tsunduma cikin tekun na iya ba da ra'ayoyi iri-iri don wadatar da fahimtar ilimin teku fiye da fahimtar kimiyyar teku. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa irin wannan haɗaka zai iya kawar da shingen tarihi da suka dabaibaye filin, canza fahimtar gamayya da dangantakarmu da teku, da kuma taimakawa ci gaba da ƙoƙarin maido da halittun teku.

Zelezny, LC; suke, PP; Aldrich, C. Sabbin Hanyoyi na Tunani Game da Muhalli: Fadakarwa akan Banbancin Jinsi a Muhalli. J. Soc. Matsaloli na 2000, 56, 443-457. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227509139_New_Ways_of_Thinking _about_Environmentalism_Elaborating_on _Gender_Differences_in_Environmentalism

Marubutan sun gano cewa bayan nazarin shekaru goma na bincike (1988-1998) game da bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin halaye da dabi'un muhalli, sabanin rashin daidaituwa da suka gabata, hoto mai haske ya bayyana: mata sun ba da rahoton halayen muhalli da halayen muhalli fiye da maza.

Bennett, N., Teh, L., Ota, Y., Christie, P., Ayers, A., da al. (2017). Roko don ƙa'idar da'a don kiyaye marine, Manufar Ruwa, Juzu'i na 81, Shafi na 411-418, ISSN 0308-597X, DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.035 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316937934_An_appeal_for _a_code_of_conduct_for_marine_conservation

Ayyukan kiyaye ruwa, yayin da aka yi niyya mai kyau, ba a gudanar da su ga kowane tsarin mulki ko hukumar gudanarwa, wanda zai iya haifar da gagarumin bambance-bambance a matakin tasiri. Marubutan sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya kamata a kafa ƙa'ida ko ƙa'idodi don tabbatar da bin ingantattun hanyoyin gudanar da mulki. Ya kamata ka'idar ta inganta ingantaccen tsarin kiyayewa da yanke shawara, ayyuka da sakamako na kiyaye zaman jama'a kawai, da ma'aikatan kiyayewa da ƙungiyoyi. Makasudin wannan lambar zai ba da damar kiyaye ruwa ya zama mai karɓuwa a cikin jama'a da kuma tasirin muhalli, ta yadda zai ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen teku mai dorewa.

---

6. Ma'auni, Hanyoyi, da Manuniya

Zielinski, T., Kotynska-Zielinska, I. da Garcia-Soto, C. (2022, Janairu). Rubutun Tsarin Ilimin Teku: EU4Ocean. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357882384_A_ Blueprint_for_Ocean_Literacy_EU4Ocean

Wannan takarda ta tattauna mahimmancin ingantaccen sadarwa na sakamakon kimiyya ga 'yan ƙasa a duk faɗin duniya. Domin mutane su sami bayanai, masu binciken sun nemi fahimtar ƙa'idodin Ilimin Tekun teku da kuma amfani da mafi kyawun hanyoyin da ake da su don sauƙaƙe aiwatar da haɓaka fahimtar duniya game da sauye-sauyen muhalli. Wannan a sarari ya shafi tabbatar da yadda ake kira ga mutane game da batutuwan muhalli daban-daban, don haka, yadda mutane za su sabunta hanyoyin ilimi don ƙalubalantar canjin duniya. Marubutan suna jayayya cewa ilimin teku shine mabuɗin don dorewa, kodayake ya kamata a lura cewa wannan labarin yana haɓaka shirin EU4Ocean.

Sean M. Wineland, Thomas M. Neeson, (2022). Ƙarfafa yaduwar ayyukan kiyayewa a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a. Kimiyyar Kiyayewa da Ayyuka, DOI:10.1111/csp2.12740, Vol. 4, ba 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 361491667_Maximizing_the_spread _of_conservation_initiatives_in_social_networks

Shirye-shiryen kiyayewa da manufofin za su iya adana bambancin halittu da haɓaka sabis na yanayin muhalli, amma kawai lokacin da aka karɓe su sosai. Yayin da dubban tsare-tsaren kiyayewa ke wanzuwa a duniya, yawancin sun kasa yaɗuwa fiye da ƴan masu riko da farko. Ɗaukar farko ta mutane masu tasiri suna haifar da ingantacciyar ci gaba a cikin jimlar adadin masu karɓar shirin kiyayewa gabaɗaya. Cibiyar sadarwa na yanki tayi kama da hanyar sadarwar bazuwar wacce ta ƙunshi galibin hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin gida, yayin da cibiyar sadarwar ƙasa tana da tsari mara nauyi tare da manyan cibiyoyin hukumomin tarayya da ƙungiyoyin sa-kai.

Ashley M, Pahl S, Glegg G da Fletcher S (2019) Canjin Tunani: Aiwatar da Hanyoyin Bincike na Zamantakewa da Halayyar Ga Ƙimar Ingancin Ƙirar Ilimin Teku. Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar Ruwa. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00288. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333748430_A_Change_of_Mind _Applying_Social_and_Behavioral_ Research_Methods_to_the_Assessment_of _the_Effectiveness_of_Ocean_Literacy_Initiatives

Waɗannan hanyoyin suna ba da damar tantance canje-canjen halaye wanda shine mabuɗin fahimtar tasirin shirin. Marubutan sun gabatar da tsarin ƙirar dabaru don kimanta darussan horo na ilimi don ƙwararrun masu shiga cikin masana'antar jigilar kaya (halayen niyya don rage yaduwar nau'ikan ɓarna) da tarurrukan ilimi ga ɗaliban makaranta (shekaru 11-15 da 16-18) akan matsalolin da suka danganci. ga ruwa da litter da microplastics. Marubutan sun gano cewa tantance canje-canjen halaye na iya taimakawa wajen tantance tasirin aikin wajen haɓaka ilimin mahalarta da sanin wani lamari, musamman lokacin da aka yi niyya ta musamman da masu sauraro da kayan aikin ilimin teku.

Santoro, F., Santin, S., Scowcroft, G., Fauville, G., da Tuddenham, P. (2017). Ilimin Teku don Duka - Kayan Kayan aiki. IOC/UNESCO & UNESCO ofishin Venice Paris (Littafin IOC da Jagorori, 80 da aka sake dubawa a cikin 2018), 136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321780367_Ocean_Literacy_for_all_-_A_toolkit

Sanin da fahimtar tasirin teku a kanmu, da tasirinmu a cikin teku, yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwa da aiki mai dorewa. Wannan shi ne ainihin ilimin teku. Portal Literacy Portal tana aiki a matsayin shagon tsayawa ɗaya, tana ba da albarkatu da abun ciki ga kowa, tare da manufar ƙirƙirar al'umma masu ilimin teku waɗanda za su iya yanke shawara da sanin yakamata kan albarkatun teku da dorewar teku.

NOAA. (2020, Fabrairu). Ilimin Teku: Muhimman Ka'idodin Kimiyyar Teku don Masu Koyan Zamani. www.oceanliteracyNMEA.org

Akwai Ka'idodin Karatun Teku guda bakwai kuma madaidaicin Matsala da Jeri ya ƙunshi zane-zane na ra'ayi guda 28. Ka'idodin Karatun Tekun teku sun kasance aiki ne da ke ci gaba; suna nuna ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce har yau a ma’anar ilimin teku. An fitar da bugun farko a cikin 2013.

• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #1: Duniya tana da babban teku guda daya mai fasali da yawa.
• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #2: Teku da rayuwa a cikin teku suna tsara fasalin duniya.
• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #3: Teku babban tasiri ne akan yanayi da yanayi.
• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #4: Teku ya mayar da Duniya wurin zama.
• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #5: Tekun na goyon bayan ɗimbin bambance-bambancen rayuwa da yanayin muhalli.
• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #6: Teku da mutane suna da alaƙa da juna.
• Ƙa'idar Karatun Teku #7: Ba a gano tekun ba.

---

KOMA GA BINCIKE