Kare Dausayi A Duniya, Sa'an nan da Yanzu: Taron Ramsar

by Luka Elder
Sabine Wetlands Walk, Hackberry, Louisiana (Hoto daga Wuraren Yawon shakatawa na Louisiana - Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Daraktan Ƙirƙira: Neil Landry; Jami'an Asusun: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Samar da Fasaha: Janet Riehlmann)
Sabine Wetlands Walk, Hackberry, Louisiana (Hoto daga Wuraren Yawon shakatawa na Louisiana - Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Daraktan Ƙirƙira: Neil Landry; Jami'an Asusun: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Samar da Fasaha: Janet Riehlmann)

Kowace shekara, al'ummomin bakin teku masu damuwa suna kallon hasashen yiwuwar guguwa na wurare masu zafi-wanda aka sani da guguwa ko typhoons lokacin da suka girma, ya danganta da inda suke. Lokacin da wadancan guguwa suka tunkaro kasa, kamar yadda guguwar Isaac ta yi a karshen watan da ya gabata, al’ummomin da ke kan hanyar guguwar suna tunawa da kimar dausayin gabar teku, dazuzzuka, da sauran wuraren zama wajen kare su daga munanan illolin da guguwar ta haifar.

A cikin duniyar yau na hauhawar matakan teku da yanayin ɗumamar yanayi, wuraren dausayi da ayyukan yanayin dausayi suna da mahimmanci ga daidaitawa da rage sauyin yanayi. Bugu da kari, wuraren dausayi muhimmin tushe ne na darajar tattalin arziki, kimiyya, da kuma nishaɗi. Amma duk da haka waɗannan halittun suna fuskantar lalacewa da lalacewa.
RAMSAR Za a iya samun asarar da ba za a iya misalta shi ba ga wuraren dausayi daga ci gaba da kutsawar ci gaba zuwa cikin dausayi daga bangaren kasa, da kuma zaftarewar daka daga ruwa saboda magudanan ruwa da mutum ya yi da sauran ayyuka. Sama da shekaru 40 da suka gabata, al'ummomi sun taru don gane darajar wuraren dausayi da matsugunan da ke kusa, da kuma samar da tsarin kare su. Yarjejeniyar Ramsar yarjejeniya ce ta kasa da kasa da aka tsara don taimakawa hana wannan cin zarafi, da kuma tallafawa ƙoƙarin maidowa, gyarawa, da adana wuraren dausayi a duniya. Yarjejeniya ta Ramsar tana ba da kariya ga wuraren dausayi don ayyukansu na musamman da sabis na muhalli, kamar ka'idodin tsarin ruwa da mazaunin da suke samarwa don bambance-bambancen halittu daga matakin halittu har zuwa matakin nau'in.
An gudanar da babban taron na asali kan yankunan dausayi a birnin Ramsar na kasar Iran a shekara ta 1971. Ya zuwa shekarar 1975, yarjejeniyar ta ci gaba da aiki tukuru, inda ta samar da tsarin aiwatar da ayyuka na kasa da kasa da na kasa da kasa da kuma hadin gwiwa don dorewar kariya da kula da dausar da albarkatun kasa da ayyukansu. . Yarjejeniyar Ramsar yarjejeniya ce ta tsakanin gwamnatocin da ta sa kasashe mambobinta su kiyaye mutuncin muhalli na wasu wuraren dausayi da kuma ci gaba da amfani da wadannan dausayi. Sanarwar manufar taron ita ce "kyauta da amfani da hikimar duk wuraren dausayi ta hanyar ayyukan gida, yanki da na kasa da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, a matsayin gudummawar samun ci gaba mai dorewa a duk fadin duniya".
Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta bambanta da sauran ƙoƙarin muhalli iri ɗaya na duniya ta hanyoyi biyu masu mahimmanci. Na farko, ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Yarjejeniyoyi na Muhalli da yawa, kodayake yana aiki tare da sauran MEAs da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma sanannen yarjejeniya ce mai alaƙa da duk sauran yarjejeniyoyin da suka shafi halittu. Na biyu, ita ce kawai yarjejeniyar muhalli ta duniya wacce ta shafi takamaiman yanayin muhalli: wuraren dausayi. Yarjejeniyar ta yi amfani da ma'anar dausayi mai faɗin gaske, wanda ya haɗa da "kwarangwal da marshes, tafkuna da koguna, ciyayi mai dausayi da ciyayi, tudu, rairayin bakin teku, deltas da filayen ruwa, wuraren da ke kusa da teku, mangroves da murjani reefs, da na ɗan adam. wurare kamar tafkunan kifaye, shinkafa shinkafa, tafki, da kwanon gishiri.”
Babban jigon yarjejeniyar Ramsar shine Jerin Ramsar na filayen dausayi na Muhimmancin Ƙasashen Duniya, jerin duk wuraren dausayin da Yarjejeniyar ta ayyana a matsayin wuraren da ke da mahimmanci ga lafiyar bakin teku da albarkatun ruwa a duk faɗin duniya.
Manufar Lissafin ita ce "haɓaka da kuma kula da hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa na filayen dausayi waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don kiyaye bambancin halittun duniya da kuma dorewar rayuwar ɗan adam ta hanyar kiyaye abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, tsari da fa'idodi / ayyuka." Ta hanyar shiga yarjejeniyar Ramsar, kowace ƙasa wajibi ne ta ayyana aƙalla wuri ɗaya mai dausayi a matsayin ƙasar dausayi mai Muhimmanci ta ƙasa da ƙasa, yayin da wasu ƙasashe membobin ke zabar wasu rukunin yanar gizo don shigar da su cikin jerin wuraren da aka keɓe.
Wasu misalan wurare masu mahimmanci na Ramsar Wetlands na Muhimmancin Kasa da Kasa da aka samu a Arewacin Amurka sun haɗa da Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex (Amurka), Laguna de Términos Reserve a Campeche (Mexico), wurin ajiyar a ƙarshen ƙarshen Kuba's Isla de la Juventud, dajin National Everglades Florida (Amurka), da kuma yankin Alaska a cikin Kogin Fraser na Kanada. Duk wani rukunin yanar gizo na Ramsar da ke fuskantar matsala wajen kiyaye mutuncin muhalli da na halitta wanda Yarjejeniya ta kafa za a iya sanya shi cikin jeri na musamman kuma zai iya samun taimakon fasaha don magance matsalolin da shafin ke fuskanta. Bugu da kari, kasashe za su iya neman tallafi ta hanyar Asusun Tallafawa Kananan Hukumomi na Ramsar da Dausayi don Asusun nan gaba don kammala ayyukan kiyaye dausayi. Ma'aikatar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka tana aiki a matsayin hukumar jagoranci na rukunin Ramsar guda 34 a cikin Amurka da haɗin kai tare da wasu ƙasashe.
Yarjejeniyar Ramsar tana da taron Ƙungiyoyin Kwangila (COP) a kowace shekara uku don tattaunawa da haɓaka ƙarin amfani da jagorori da manufofin Yarjejeniyar. Dangane da ayyukan yau da kullun, akwai Sakatariyar Ramsar a Gland, Switzerland, wacce ke kula da Yarjejeniyar ta duniya. A mataki na kasa, kowace Jam'iyya mai Kwangila tana da Hukumar Gudanarwa wanda ke kula da aiwatar da ka'idodin Yarjejeniyar a cikin ƙasarsu. Yayin da Yarjejeniyar Ramsar wani yunƙuri ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, Yarjejeniyar ta kuma ƙarfafa ƙasashe membobin su kafa kwamitocin ƙasa na ƙasa na kansu, sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, da kuma haɗa haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin jama'a a ƙoƙarinsu na kiyaye tudun ruwa.
Yuli na 2012 ya yi bikin taro na 11 na taron ƙungiyoyin kwangila na yarjejeniyar Ramsar, wanda aka gudanar a Bucharest, Romania. A can, an bayyana yadda dorewar yawon shakatawa na dausayi ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin kore.
An kammala taron ne tare da jinjinawa manyan ayyuka da aka yi, da kuma amincewa da wajabcin ci gaba da jajircewa da sadaukar da kai wajen kiyaye dausayi da maido da shi a duniya. Daga yanayin kiyaye teku, Yarjejeniyar Ramsar tana goyan bayan kariyar ɗayan mahimman tubalan ginin teku don lafiyar teku.
Amurka ta Amurka: Rukunan Ramsar 34, 4,122,916.22 Acres tun daga 15 ga Yuni 2012 (Madogararsa: USFWS)

Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasar Ash Meadows 18/12/86    
Nevada
9,509 ha
Lagon Bolinas 01/09/98    
California
445 ha
Cache-Ƙananan Farin Koguna 21/11/89    
Arkansas
81,376 ha
Cache River-Cypress Creek Wetlands 01/11/94    
Illinois
24,281 ha
Tafkin Caddo 23/10/93    
Texas
7,977 ha
Tafkin Cathoula 18/06/91    
Louisiana
12,150 ha
Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex 04/06/87    
Virginia
45,000 ha
Cheyenne Kasa 19/10/88    
Kansas
10,978 ha
Congaree National Park 02/02/12    
South Carolina
10,539 ha
Rukunin Kogin Connecticut & Tidal Rigar Rinjaye 14/10/94    
Connecticut
6,484 ha
Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary 23/03/09    
Florida
5,261 ha
Delaware Bay Estuary 20/05/92    
Delaware, New Jersey
51,252 ha
Edwin B Forsythe Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasa 18/12/86    
New Jersey
13,080 ha
Everglades National Park 04/06/87    
Florida
610,497 ha
Dajin Francis Beidler 30/05/08    
South Carolina
6,438 ha
Yankin Muhalli na Grassland 02/02/05    
California
65,000 ha
Humbug Marsh 20/01/10    
Michigan
188 ha
Horicon Marsh 04/12/90    
Wisconsin
12,912 ha
Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasar Lagoon Izembek 18/12/86    
Alaska
168,433 ha
Kakagon da Bad River Sloughs 02/02/12    
Wisconsin
4,355 ha
Kawainui and Hamakua Marsh Complex 02/02/05    
Hawaii
414 ha
Laguna de Santa Rosa Wetland Complex 16/04/10    
California
1576 ha
Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasa na Okefenokee 18/12/86    
Jojiya, Florida
162,635 ha
Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasar Palmyra Atoll 01/04/11    
Hawaii
204,127 ha
Gudun Hijira na Tsibirin Pelican 14/03/93    
Florida
1,908 ha
Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasar Quivira 12/02/02    
Kansas
8,958 ha
Roswell Artesian Wetlands 07/09/10    
New Mexico
917 ha
Gudun Gudun Hijira na Ƙasar Kogin Sand 03/08/98    
South Dakota
8,700 ha
Sue da Wes Dixon Waterfowl Refuge a Hennepin &
Tafkunan Hopper 02/02/12    
Illinois
1,117 ha
Rukunin Emiquon 02/02/12    
Illinois
5,729 ha
Rikicin Binciken Esturine na Kogin Tijuana 02/02/05    
California
1,021 ha
Tomales Bay 30/09/02    
California
2,850 ha
Babban Filin Ruwan Ruwa na Kogin Mississippi 05/01/10    
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois
122,357 ha
Wilma H. ​​Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park 18/04/08    
Ohio
21 ha
Luke Elder ya yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken bazara na TOF don lokacin rani na 2011. A shekara ta gaba ya yi karatu a Spain inda ya sami horo tare da Hukumar Binciken Ƙasa ta Spain wanda ke aiki a cikin Rukunin Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli. Wannan lokacin bazara Luka ya yi aiki a matsayin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙasa ya yi da kuma kula da ƙasa. Wani babban jami'i a Kwalejin Middlebury, Luka yana babban digiri a cikin Tsarin Halittu da Nazarin Muhalli tare da ƙarami a cikin Mutanen Espanya, kuma yana fatan samun aiki na gaba a cikin kiyaye ruwa.