Kudancin California Marine Mammal Workshop

Daga Mark J. Spalding, Shugaba, The Ocean Foundation

Dakin ya kasance a raye tare da gaisawa da hira yayin da mahalarta suka hallara a zama na farko. Mun kasance a cikin wurin taron a Pacific Life don shekara ta 5th Kudancin California Marine Mammal Workshop. Ga da yawa daga cikin masu bincike, likitocin dabbobi, da ƙwararrun manufofin, wannan shine karo na farko da suka ga juna tun bara. Wasu kuma sun kasance sababbi a wajen taron, amma ba filin ba, su ma sun sami tsofaffin abokai. Taron ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfin mahalarta 175, bayan farawa da 77 kawai a shekarar farko.

Gidauniyar Ocean Foundation ta yi alfaharin daukar nauyin wannan taron tare da Pacific Life Foundation, kuma wannan bitar ta ci gaba da al'ada mai kyau na bayar da damar yin hulɗa tare da sauran masu bincike, masu aikin filin a kan rairayin bakin teku da kuma a cikin ruwa tare da ceton dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, kuma tare da ɗimbin waɗanda aikin rayuwarsu ya ƙunshi manufofi da dokokin da ke kare dabbobin ruwa. . Tennyson Oyler, sabon shugaban kungiyar Pacific Life Foundation, ya bude taron bitar kuma an fara koyo.

Akwai labari mai dadi da za a samu. Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta koma San Francisco Bay a karon farko cikin kusan shekaru saba'in, masu binciken da ke cin gajiyar taron yau da kullun na batsa da ke ciyarwa a kusa da gadar Golden Gate a lokacin hawan ruwa. Rikicin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba na wasu ’ya’yan zaki na teku 1600 a bazarar da ta gabata da alama ba za su iya maimaita kansu a wannan shekarar ba. Sabuwar fahimtar tarawar shekara-shekara na manyan nau'ikan ƙaura irin su manyan kifin kifi mai shuɗi yakamata su goyi bayan tsari na yau da kullun na neman canje-canje a hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Los Angeles da San Francisco a cikin watannin da suke can.

Taron na rana ya mayar da hankali ne kan taimaka wa masana kimiyya da sauran kwararrun masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa su ba da labarinsu yadda ya kamata. Ƙungiyar sadarwar ta ƙunshi mutane daga wurare daban-daban a fagen. Mai jawabin cin abincin maraice shine fitaccen Dokta Bernd Würsig wanda shi da matarsa ​​suka kammala bincike, suka ba da horo ga dalibai da yawa, kuma sun goyi bayan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na faɗaɗa fannin fiye da yadda yawancin masana kimiyya ke da lokaci, da rage samun damar yin hakan.

Ranar Asabar ce ranar da ta karkata akalarmu ga wani batu da ke kan gaba wajen tattaunawa da dama game da dangantakar dan Adam da dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa: batun ko a yi garkuwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa ko kuma a kiwo su domin a yi garkuwa da su, baya ga dabbobin da aka kubutar da su. ya lalace sosai don tsira a cikin daji.

Mai magana da abincin rana ya tayar da zaman la'asar: Dr. Lori Marino daga Cibiyar Kimmela don Shawarar Dabbobi da Cibiyar Da'a a Jami'ar Emory, ta magance batun ko dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa suna bunƙasa a cikin bauta. Za a iya taƙaita maganar ta a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa, bisa la’akari da bincike da gogewar da ta yi wanda ya kai ta ga babban abin da ke cewa cetaces ba sa bunƙasa a cikin bauta. Me yasa?

Na farko, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa suna da hankali, sanin kansu kuma masu cin gashin kansu. Suna da 'yancin kai na zamantakewa kuma masu rikitarwa-za su iya zaɓar waɗanda aka fi so a cikin rukunin zamantakewarsu.

Na biyu, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa suna buƙatar motsawa; suna da yanayi daban-daban na jiki; gudanar da iko kan rayuwarsu kuma su kasance cikin abubuwan more rayuwa.

Na uku, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da aka kama suna da yawan mace-mace. Kuma, babu wani ci gaba a cikin fiye da shekaru 20 na gwaninta a kiwon dabbobi.

Na hudu, ko a cikin daji ko kuma a cikin zaman talala, abin da ke haifar da mutuwa na daya shi ne kamuwa da cuta, kuma a cikin zaman talala, kamuwa da cuta yakan taso a wani bangare na rashin lafiyar hakori da ake garkuwa da su saboda dabi’un zaman talala-kawai da ke sa dabbobi masu shayarwa ta ruwa su tauna (ko kokarin tauna). ) akan sandunan ƙarfe da kankare.

Na biyar, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa a cikin zaman talala suma suna nuna yawan damuwa, wanda ke haifar da rigakafin rigakafi & mutuwa da wuri.

Halin kamawa ba dabi'a ba ne ga dabbobi. Ire-iren ɗabi’un da horar da dabbobin ruwa ke tilastawa su yi a cikin nunin nuni da alama suna haifar da nau’in damuwa da ke haifar da ɗabi’ar da ba ta faruwa a cikin daji. Misali babu tabbacin harin da orcas ya kai wa mutane a cikin daji. Bugu da ari, ta bayar da hujjar cewa mun riga mun ci gaba don samun ingantacciyar kulawa da kula da dangantakarmu da wasu ƙwararrun dabbobi masu shayarwa tare da sarƙaƙƙiyar tsarin zamantakewa da ƙaura. Ana baje kolin giwaye kaɗan a gidajen namun daji saboda buƙatunsu na samun ƙarin sarari da hulɗar zamantakewa. Yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwar dakin gwaje-gwaje sun daina gwaji akan chimpanzees da sauran membobin dangin biri.

Ƙarshen Dr. Marino shine cewa bauta ba ya aiki ga dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, musamman dolphins da orcas. Ta yi ƙaulin ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar dabbobin ruwa Dokta Naomi Rose, wadda ta yi magana daga baya a wannan rana, tana cewa, “[wanda aka gane] dajin daji ba hujja ba ce ga yanayin zaman bauta.”

Kwamitin da aka gudanar a yammacin ranar ya kuma yi tsokaci kan batun dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke cikin ruwa da ake garkuwa da su, musamman koka da dabbar dolphins. Waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa, bai kamata a tsare dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa ba, suna jayayya cewa lokaci ya yi da za a dakatar da shirye-shiryen kiwo, da samar da wani shiri na rage yawan dabbobin da ake garkuwa da su, da kuma daina kama dabbobin don nunawa ko wasu dalilai. Suna jayayya cewa kamfanonin nishaɗi masu riba suna da sha'awar haɓaka ra'ayin cewa wasan kwaikwayon da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa na iya bunƙasa tare da kulawa mai kyau, ƙarfafawa, da muhalli. Hakanan, aquaria da ke siyan sabbin dabbobin da aka kama daga al'ummomin daji da ke nesa da Amurka suna da irin wannan sha'awar, ana jayayya. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗancan ƙungiyoyin kuma suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don taimakawa yayin magudanar ruwa, ceton da ake buƙata, da bincike na asali. Sauran masu kare yuwuwar haɗin kai na ɗan adam da na ruwa na gaskiya sun nuna cewa alkalan binciken dabbar dolphin na ruwa a buɗe suke a ƙarshen ƙasa. A cikin ka'idar, dabbar dolphins na iya barin 'yanci kuma sun zaɓi kada su - masu binciken da suka yi nazarin su sun yi imanin cewa dabbar dolphins sun yi zabi mai kyau.

Gabaɗaya, akwai fagage mafi faɗi na yarjejeniya ta gaske, duk da wasu wuraren rashin jituwa game da nuni, aiki, da ƙimar batutuwan bincike na kama. An yarda da cewa:
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da hankali sosai, dabbobin hadaddun da ke da halaye daban-daban.
Ba kowane nau'in ba ne ko kowane ɗayan dabbobin da suka dace don nunawa, wanda yakamata ya haifar da jiyya daban-daban (kuma watakila saki) shima.
Yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da aka ceto da aka yi garkuwa da su ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin daji ba saboda yanayin raunin da ya kai ga ceto su.
Mun san abubuwa game da ilimin halittar dabbar dolphins da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa saboda binciken da ba za mu iya sani ba.
Halin ya kasance ga ƙananan cibiyoyin da ke da dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa a Amurka da Tarayyar Turai, kuma wannan yanayin yana iya ci gaba, amma an daidaita shi ta hanyar tarin dabbobin da aka kama a Asiya.
Akwai mafi kyawun ayyuka don kiyaye dabbobi a cikin zaman talala waɗanda yakamata a daidaita su kuma a kwaikwayi su a cikin dukkan cibiyoyi kuma ƙoƙarin ilimi yakamata ya kasance mai tsauri, kuma a ci gaba da sabunta shi yayin da muke ƙarin koyo.
Kamata ya yi a fara aiwatar da tsare-tsare a mafi yawan cibiyoyi domin kawo karshen aikin tilas na jama'a ta hanyar orcas, dolphins, da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa, domin hakan shi ne yuwuwar bukatar jama'a da masu kula da su.

Zai zama wauta a ɗauka cewa duka ɓangarorin biyu sun yarda da isa don samun mafita cikin sauƙi na tambayar ko dolphins, orcas, da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa ya kamata a tsare su a cikin bauta. Ji yana gudana da ƙarfi game da ƙimar bincike na kama mutane da nunin jama'a wajen gudanar da dangantakar ɗan adam da yawan daji. Ji yana gudana daidai da ƙarfi game da abubuwan ƙarfafawa waɗanda cibiyoyin siyan dabbobin daji suka ƙirƙira, manufar riba ga sauran cibiyoyi, da kuma tambayar ɗabi'a mai tsafta game da ko ya kamata a riƙe namun daji masu 'yanci a cikin ƙananan alkaluma a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a ba bisa ga zaɓinsu ba. ko mafi muni, a cikin zaman talala.

Sakamakon tattaunawar bita a bayyane yake: babu wani girman da ya dace da duk mafita da za a iya aiwatarwa. Wataƙila, duk da haka, za mu iya farawa da inda dukkan bangarorin suka yarda kuma mu matsa zuwa wurin da hanyar da muke gudanar da bincikenmu ke buƙatar haɗaka tare da fahimtar haƙƙin maƙwabtanmu na teku. Taron bitar dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa na shekara-shekara ya kafa tushen fahimtar juna ko da a lokacin da masana dabbobin ruwa suka saba. Yana ɗaya daga cikin sakamako masu kyau da yawa na taron shekara-shekara ta yadda aka ba mu damar.

A The Ocean Foundation, muna inganta kariya da kiyaye dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa kuma muna aiki don gano mafi kyawun hanyoyin gudanar da dangantakar ɗan adam tare da waɗannan kyawawan halittu don raba waɗancan mafita tare da al'ummar ruwa masu shayarwa a duk faɗin duniya. Asusun mu na Mammal na Marine shine mafi kyawun abin hawa don tallafawa ƙoƙarinmu na yin hakan.