Dorewar kiwo na iya zama mabuɗin ciyar da yawan al'ummar mu. A halin yanzu, kashi 42 cikin XNUMX na abincin teku da muke amfani da su ana noma ne, amma babu wasu ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka haɗa da abin da “kyakkyawan” kiwo yake har yanzu. 

Ruwan ruwa yana ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga kayan abinci, don haka dole ne a yi shi ta hanyar da ta dace. Musamman, The OF yana duban fasahohin rufaffiyar tsarin daban-daban, gami da sake zagayawa da tankuna, hanyoyin tsere, tsarin gudana-ta, da tafkunan cikin gida. Ana amfani da waɗannan tsarin don yawancin nau'ikan kifaye, kifin shellfish, da tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa. Ko da yake an gane fa'idodin fa'ida (lafiya da sauran su) na tsarin rufaffiyar kifayen kiwo, muna kuma goyan bayan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don guje wa lahani na kare muhalli da abinci na buɗaɗɗen kiwo na alkalami. Muna fatan yin aiki zuwa ga kokarin kasa da kasa da kuma na cikin gida wanda zai iya haifar da canji mai kyau.

Gidauniyar Ocean Foundation ta tattara maɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa na waje a cikin ƙayyadaddun littafi don samar da ƙarin bayani kan Ruwan Ruwa mai dorewa ga duk masu sauraro. 

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa zuwa Aquaculture
2. Tushen Aquaculture
3. Gurbacewa da Barazana ga Muhalli
4. Abubuwan Ci gaba na Yanzu da Sabbin Tudu a cikin Kiwo
5. Kiwo da Diversity, Daidaito, Haɗuwa, da Adalci
6. Dokoki da Dokoki Game da Kiwo
7. Ƙarin Albarkatu & Farar Takardu waɗanda Gidauniyar Ocean Foundation ta samar

1. Gabatarwa

Aquaculture shine tsarin noma ko noma na kifaye, kifi, da tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa. Manufar ita ce samar da hanyar samar da abinci da kayayyakin kasuwanci a cikin ruwa ta hanyar da za ta kara yawan samuwa tare da rage cutar da muhalli da kuma kare nau'o'in ruwa daban-daban. Akwai nau'ikan kiwo daban-daban waɗanda kowannensu yana da mabambantan matakan dorewa.

Haɓaka yawan al'umma da kuɗin shiga na duniya zai ci gaba da ƙara yawan buƙatar kifi. Kuma tare da matakan kama daji da gaske lebur, duk haɓakar kifaye da samar da abincin teku sun fito ne daga kiwo. Yayin da kifayen kiwo ke fuskantar kalubale irinsu tsumman ruwa da gurbatar yanayi da yawa 'yan wasa a masana'antar suna aiki tukuru don magance kalubalen da ke fuskanta. 

Aquaculture — Hanyoyi huɗu

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda huɗu game da kiwo da ake gani a yau: buɗaɗɗen bakin teku kusa da bakin teku, buɗaɗɗen alkaluma na gwaji a bakin teku, tsarin “rufe” na tushen ƙasa, da tsarin buɗewa na “tsohuwar”.

1. Buɗaɗɗen Alƙalamai na kusa-gaba.

An fi amfani da tsarin noman kifin da ke kusa da teku don kiwon kifin kifi, kifin kifi da sauran kifin kifi masu nama kuma, ban da kifin kifin, yawanci ana ganin su a matsayin mafi ƙarancin dorewa kuma mafi lahani na nau'in kiwo. Halin "buɗe ga yanayin halittu" na waɗannan tsarin ya sa ya zama da wahala sosai don magance matsalolin sharar gida, hulɗa tare da mafarauta, gabatarwar nau'in da ba na asali / na asali ba, abubuwan da suka wuce (abinci, maganin rigakafi), lalata mazaunin, da cututtuka. canja wuri. Bugu da kari, ruwan tekun ba zai iya ci gaba da tafiya a kan tekun ba a halin yanzu sakamakon dakile barkewar cututtuka a cikin alkaluma. [NB: Idan muka noman mollusks kusa da gaɓa, ko kuma muka iyakance buɗe alkalan kusa da bakin teku a ma'auni kuma muka mai da hankali kan kiwon ciyawa, akwai ɗan ci gaba kan dorewar tsarin kiwo. A ganinmu yana da kyau mu bincika waɗannan iyakantattun hanyoyin.]

2. Buɗaɗɗen Alƙalamai na Ketare.

Sabbin tsarin gwajin kifayen kiwo na bakin tekun kawai suna motsa waɗannan mummunan tasirin daga gani kuma suna ƙara wasu tasiri akan muhalli, gami da babban sawun carbon don sarrafa wuraren da ke cikin teku. 

3. Tsarin "Rufe" na tushen ƙasa.

Tsarin “rufe” na tushen ƙasa, waɗanda aka fi sani da tsarin sake zagayawa aquaculture (RAS), suna samun ƙarin kulawa a matsayin mafita mai dorewa na dogon lokaci ga kiwo, duka a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. Ana ƙirƙira ƙananan tsare-tsare masu rahusa da za a yi amfani da su a ƙasashe masu tasowa yayin da ake ƙirƙira manyan zaɓuka masu yawa, masu kasuwanci da tsada a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Waɗannan tsare-tsaren suna da kansu kuma galibi suna ba da damar ingantattun hanyoyin polyculture don kiwon dabbobi da kayan lambu tare. Ana la'akari da su musamman masu dorewa lokacin da ake amfani da su ta hanyar makamashi mai sabuntawa, suna tabbatar da kusan kashi 100 cikin XNUMX na gyaran ruwansu, kuma suna mai da hankali kan kiwon omnivores da herbivores.

4. "Tsohon" Bude Systems.

Noman kifi ba sabon abu bane; an yi ta tsawon ƙarni a cikin al'adu da yawa. Al'ummomin kasar Sin na da sun ciyar da najasar siliki da nymphs zuwa irin kifi da ake noma a cikin tafkuna a gonakin siliki, Masarawa sun noma tilapia a matsayin wani bangare na fasahar ban ruwa da suke da su, kuma jama'ar Hawaii sun sami damar noma nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ciyar da irin su madara, mullet, prawns, da kaguwa (Costa). -Pierce, 1987). Masu binciken archaeologists kuma sun sami shaidar kiwo a cikin al'ummar Mayan da kuma al'adun wasu al'ummomin Arewacin Amurka. (www.enaca.org).

Bayanin muhalli

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama akwai nau'ikan Aquaculture da yawa kowanne da nasu sawun muhalli wanda ya bambanta daga mai ɗorewa zuwa babbar matsala. Ana ganin noman kiwo a cikin teku (wanda aka fi sani da buɗaɗɗen teku ko buɗaɗɗen ruwa) a matsayin sabon tushen ci gaban tattalin arziki, amma ya yi watsi da jerin batutuwan muhalli da ɗabi'a na wasu ƴan kamfanoni masu sarrafa albarkatu masu yawa ta hanyar mai da hannun jari. Kifayen kifayen da ke bakin teku na iya haifar da yaduwar cututtuka, inganta ayyukan ciyar da kifi marasa dorewa, haifar da fitar da kayan da ke da illa ga rayuwa, hade da namun daji, da kuma tserewa kifi dalma. Kubucewar kifin shine lokacin da kifin da aka noma ya tsere zuwa cikin muhalli, wanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga yawan kifin daji da kuma yanayin halittu baki daya. A tarihi ba abin tambaya ba ne if tserewa faruwa, amma lokacin da za su faru. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya gano cewa kashi 92% na duk kifayen da ke tserewa daga gonakin kifin teku ne (Føre & Thorvaldsen, 2021). Kiwo na waje yana da babban jari kuma ba zai iya samun kuɗi ba kamar yadda yake a halin yanzu.

Hakanan akwai batutuwan da suka shafi sharar gida da zubar da ruwan sha a cikin kifayen da ke kusa. A cikin misali ɗaya wuraren da ke kusa da teku an gano suna sakin galan miliyan 66 na ruwan sharar gida - gami da ɗaruruwan fam na nitrates - a cikin matsugunan gida kowace rana.

Me yasa Aquaculture ya kamata a Karfafa?

Miliyoyin mutane a duniya sun dogara ne da kifin don abincinsu da rayuwarsu. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kifin duniya ana yin su ne ba tare da ɗorewa ba, yayin da kashi biyu bisa uku na kifin teku a halin yanzu ana samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Ruwan ruwa yana ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga kayan abinci, don haka dole ne a yi shi ta hanyar da ta dace. Musamman, TOF tana duban fasahohin rufaffiyar tsarin daban-daban, gami da sake zagayawa da tankuna, hanyoyin tsere, tsarin kwarara, da tafkunan cikin gida. Ana amfani da waɗannan tsarin don yawancin nau'ikan kifaye, kifin shellfish, da tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa. Ko da yake an gane fa'idodin fa'ida (lafiya da sauran su) na tsarin rufaffiyar kifayen kiwo, muna kuma goyan bayan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don guje wa lahani na kare muhalli da abinci na buɗaɗɗen kiwo na alkalami. Muna fatan yin aiki zuwa ga kokarin kasa da kasa da kuma na cikin gida wanda zai iya shafar canji mai kyau.

Duk da kalubalen Aquaculture, Gidauniyar Ocean Foundation tana ba da shawarar ci gaba da bunkasa kamfanonin kiwo - a tsakanin sauran kamfanonin da suka shafi lafiyar teku - saboda da alama duniya za ta ga karuwar bukatar abincin teku. A cikin misali ɗaya, The Ocean Foundation yana aiki tare da Rockefeller da Credit Suisse don yin magana da kamfanonin kiwo game da ƙoƙarin da suke yi na magance tsutsotsin teku, gurɓataccen ruwa, da dorewar abincin kifi.

Ƙungiyar Ocean Foundation kuma tana aiki tare da haɗin gwiwar abokan hulɗa a Cibiyar Shari'ar Muhalli (ELI) da Dokar Muhalli ta Emmett ta Harvard Law School da Clinic Policy don fayyace da inganta yadda ake sarrafa kiwo a cikin ruwan tekun tarayya na Amurka.

Nemo waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa da kunnawa Shafin ELI:

2. Tushen Ruwan Ruwa

Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. (2022). Kifi da Kiwo. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/aquaculture

Aquaculture wani aiki ne na shekaru dubu wanda a yau ke samar da fiye da rabin kifin da ake cinyewa a duniya. Duk da haka, kifayen kiwo sun haifar da sauye-sauyen muhalli mara kyau da suka haɗa da: rikice-rikicen zamantakewa tsakanin masu amfani da ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa, lalata muhimman ayyukan muhalli, lalata muhalli, amfani da sinadarai masu cutarwa da magungunan dabbobi, samar da naman kifi da mai na kifi mara dorewa, da zamantakewa da zamantakewa. illolin al'adu ga ma'aikatan kiwo da al'ummomi. Wannan cikakken bayyani na Aquaculture na ƴan ƙasa da ƙwararru ya ƙunshi ma'anar kifaye, binciken da aka zaɓa, takaddun gaskiya, alamun aiki, sake dubawa na yanki, da ka'idojin ɗabi'a na kamun kifi.

Jones, R., Dewey, B., da Seaver, B. (2022, Janairu 28). Kifayen Kiwo: Me yasa Duniya ke Bukatar Sabon Ruwan Samar da Abinci. Dandalin Tattalin Arzikin Duniya. 

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/aquaculture-agriculture-food-systems/

Manoman ruwa na iya zama masu lura da canjin yanayi. Kifayen ruwa na ruwa yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa daga taimakawa duniya don sarrafa tsarin abinci mai wahala, zuwa yunƙurin rage dumamar yanayi kamar narkar da carbon da gudummawa ga masana'antu waɗanda ke samar da samfuran abokantaka. Manoman kiwo har ma suna cikin matsayi na musamman don yin aiki a matsayin masu lura da yanayin da kuma bayar da rahoto kan sauyin yanayi. Marubutan sun yarda cewa kiwo ba shi da kariya daga matsaloli da gurɓata yanayi, amma da zarar an yi gyare-gyare ga ayyuka, kiwo na da matuƙar mahimmancin masana'antu don ci gaba mai dorewa na dogon lokaci.

Alice R Jones. 72, Shafi na 2-2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab126

Aquaculture yana samar da kashi 52 cikin 37.5 na kayayyakin dabbobin ruwa da ake cinyewa tare da noman noman da ke samar da kashi 97% na wannan noman da kashi XNUMX% na girbin ciyawa a duniya. Koyaya, kiyaye ƙarancin iskar gas mai zafi (GHG) zai dogara ne akan manufofin da aka yi tunani a hankali yayin da kiwo na teku ke ci gaba da girma. Ta hanyar haɗa samar da samfuran noma zuwa damar rage GHG, marubutan suna jayayya cewa masana'antar kiwo na iya haɓaka ayyukan da suka dace da yanayin da ke haifar da sakamako mai dorewa na muhalli, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci.

FAO. 2021. Abinci da Noma na Duniya - Littafin Shekarar Ƙididdiga 2021. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4477en

Kowace shekara Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma tana fitar da littafin ƙididdiga na shekara tare da bayanai kan yanayin abinci da noma na duniya da mahimman bayanai na tattalin arziki. Rahoton ya kunshi sassa da dama da ke tattauna bayanai kan kifaye da kiwo, da gandun daji, da farashin kayayyaki na duniya, da kuma ruwa. Duk da yake wannan albarkatun ba a yi niyya ba kamar yadda sauran hanyoyin da aka gabatar a nan, ba za a iya mantawa da rawar da take takawa wajen bin diddigin ci gaban tattalin arzikin noman kiwo ba.

FAO. 2019. Ayyukan FAO akan sauyin yanayi - Kifi & kiwo. Roma. https://www.fao.org/3/ca7166en/ca7166en.pdf

Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta danganta wani rahoto na musamman da ya zo daidai da rahoton na musamman na shekarar 2019 kan Tekun da Cryosphere. Suna jayayya cewa sauyin yanayi zai haifar da gagarumin canje-canje a cikin samuwa da cinikayyar kifi da kayayyakin ruwa tare da tasiri mai mahimmanci na geopolitical da tattalin arziki. Wannan zai yi wahala musamman ga ƙasashen da suka dogara da teku da abincin teku a matsayin tushen furotin (yawan masu dogaro da kifi).

Bindoff, NL, WWL Cheung, JG Kairo, J. Arístegui, VA Guinder, R. Hallberg, N. Hilmi, N. Jiao, MS Karim, L. Levin, S. O'Donoghue, SR Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, da P. Williamson, 2019: Canjin Teku, Yanayin Ruwa, da Al'ummomin Dogara. A: Rahoton Musamman na IPCC akan Teku da Cryosphere a cikin Canjin Yanayi [H.-O. Pörtner, DC Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, NM Weyer ( ed.)). A cikin latsa. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/09_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf

Sakamakon sauyin yanayi, masana'antun da ke tushen teku ba za su yi aiki na dogon lokaci ba tare da ɗaukar wasu ayyuka masu dorewa ba. Rahoton Musamman na 2019 akan Tekun da Cryosphere ya lura cewa sashin kamun kifi da kiwo na da matukar rauni ga direbobin yanayi. Musamman, babi na biyar na rahoton ya bayar da hujjar ƙara saka hannun jari a harkar kiwo kuma ya nuna fagage da dama na bincike da ake buƙata don haɓaka dorewar dogon lokaci. A taƙaice, ba za a iya yin watsi da buƙatar dorewar ayyukan kiwon kifin ba.

Heidi K Alleway. -69, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy137

Yayin da yawan al'ummar duniya ke ci gaba da girma, Aquaculture zai zama mahimmanci ga samar da abincin teku a nan gaba. Koyaya, ƙalubalen da ke da alaƙa da ɓangarori marasa kyau na kiwo na iya kawo cikas ga haɓakar samarwa. Za a rage cutar da muhalli ne kawai ta hanyar haɓaka ƙwarewa, fahimta, da lissafin samar da sabis na muhalli ta hanyar ma'adinai ta hanyar sabbin manufofi, ba da kuɗi, da tsare-tsaren takaddun shaida waɗanda za su iya ƙarfafa isar da fa'idodi. Don haka, ya kamata a kalli noman kiwo ba kamar yadda ya keɓanta da muhalli ba amma a matsayin wani muhimmin sashe na yanayin muhalli, muddin an samar da ingantattun hanyoyin gudanarwa.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2017). Binciken Ruwan Ruwa na NOAA - Taswirar Labari. Sashen Kasuwanci. https://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Shortlist/index.html?appid=7b4af1ef0efb425ba35d6f2c8595600f

Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta ƙasa ta ƙirƙiri taswirar labari mai ma'amala wanda ke nuna nasu ayyukan bincike na cikin gida akan kiwo. Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da nazarin al'adun takamaiman nau'in, nazarin yanayin rayuwa, madadin ciyarwa, acidification na teku, da yuwuwar fa'ida da tasirin muhalli. Taswirar labarin tana nuna ayyukan NOAA daga 2011 zuwa 2016 kuma yana da amfani ga ɗalibai, masu bincike waɗanda ke sha'awar ayyukan NOAA da suka gabata, da kuma masu sauraro gaba ɗaya.

Engle, C., McNevin, A., Racine, P., Boyd, C., Paungkaew, D., Viriyatum, R., Quoc Tinh, H., da Ngo Minh, H. (2017, Afrilu 3). Tattalin Arzikin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ruwan Ruwa: Shaida daga Farms a Vietnam da Thailand. Jaridar World Aquaculture Society, Vol. 48, Na 2, shafi. 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12423.

Girman kiwo ya zama dole don samar da abinci don ƙara yawan yawan al'ummar duniya. Wannan binciken ya duba gonakin kiwo guda 40 a Thailand da 43 a Vietnam domin sanin yadda ci gaban noman kiwo ke dawwama a wadannan yankuna. Binciken ya gano cewa, ana samun kima mai karfi yayin da manoman shrimp suka yi amfani da albarkatun kasa da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su ta hanyar da ta dace kuma ana iya samar da kiwo a bakin teku don ci gaba da dorewa. Har ila yau za a buƙaci ƙarin bincike don samar da jagora mai gudana dangane da ayyukan gudanarwa mai dorewa don kiwo.

3. Gurbacewa da Barazana ga Muhalli

Føre, H. da Thorvaldsen, T. (2021, Fabrairu 15). Binciken Dalili na Gudun Hijira na Salmon Atlantic da Rainbow Trout daga gonakin Kifin Norwegian A lokacin 2010 - 2018. Aquaculture, Vol. 532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736002

Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan kan gonakin kifin Norway ya nuna cewa kashi 92 cikin 7 na duk kifayen da ke tserewa daga gonakin kifin na teku ne, yayin da kasa da kashi 1 cikin 2019 sun fito ne daga wuraren da ake amfani da su a kasa, kashi 2018% kuma na sufuri ne. Binciken ya duba tsawon shekaru tara (305-2) kuma an kirga fiye da XNUMX da aka ruwaito sun tsere da kifaye kusan miliyan XNUMX da suka tsere, wannan adadin yana da mahimmanci saboda binciken ya iyakance ne kawai ga Salmon da Rainbow Trout da suke noma a Norway. Yawancin wadannan tserewa sun faru ne kai tsaye ta hanyar ramuka a cikin raga, kodayake wasu abubuwan fasaha kamar lalacewar kayan aiki da rashin kyawun yanayi sun taka rawa. Wannan binciken ya nuna babbar matsalar noman kiwo na ruwa a matsayin al'adar da ba ta dawwama.

Racine, P., Marley, A., Froehlich, H., Gaines, S., Ladner, I., MacAdam-Somer, I., da Bradley, D. (2021). Shari'ar shigar da kifin ruwan teku a cikin sarrafa gurbataccen abinci na Amurka, Manufofin ruwa, Vol. 129, 2021, 104506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104506.

Seaweed yana da yuwuwar rage gurɓatar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ruwa, hana haɓakar eutrophication (ciki har da hypoxia), da haɓaka sarrafa gurɓataccen ƙasa ta hanyar kawar da adadi mai yawa na nitrogen da phosphorus daga muhallin bakin teku. Duk da haka, har ya zuwa yau ba a yi amfani da ciyawar ruwa ba a wannan yanayin. Yayin da duniya ke ci gaba da shan wahala daga sakamakon zubar da ruwa mai gina jiki, ruwan teku yana ba da mafita mai dacewa da muhalli wanda ya cancanci saka hannun jari na ɗan gajeren lokaci don biyan kuɗi na dogon lokaci.

Flegel, T. da Alday-Sanz, V. (2007, Yuli) Rikicin Aquaculture na shrimp na Asiya: Matsayin Yanzu da Bukatun gaba. Jaridar Applied Ichthyology. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00654.x

A tsakiyar 2000s, duk shrimp da ake nomawa a Asiya an gano cewa suna da cutar da ke haifar da asarar dala biliyan da yawa. Yayin da aka magance wannan cutar, wannan binciken ya nuna barazanar cututtuka a cikin masana'antar kiwo. Ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da bincike da ayyukan ci gaba za a buƙaci, idan masana'antar shrimp za ta zama mai dorewa, ciki har da: kyakkyawar fahimtar kariyar shrimp daga cututtuka; ƙarin bincike game da abinci mai gina jiki; da kuma kawar da illolin muhalli.

Boyd, C., D'Abramo, L., Glencross, B., David C. Huyben, D., Juarez, L., Lockwood, G., McNevin, A., Tacon, A., Teletchea, F., Tomasso Jr, J., Tucker, C., Valenti, W. (2020, Yuni 24). Cimma Dorewa Ruwan Ruwa: Ra'ayoyin Tarihi da na yanzu da buƙatu da ƙalubale na gaba. Jaridar Duniya Aquaculture Society. Wiley Online Libraryhttps://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12714

A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, masana'antar Aquaculture ta rage sawun carbon ta hanyar haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin samarwa da sannu a hankali waɗanda suka rage hayakin iskar gas, rage yawan amfani da ruwan da ake samarwa a kowane ɗayan ɗayan, ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa abinci, da ɗaukar sabbin hanyoyin noma. Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa yayin da kiwo ke ci gaba da ganin wasu lahani na muhalli, yanayin gaba ɗaya yana motsawa zuwa masana'antu mai dorewa.

Turchini, G., Jesse T. Trushenski, J., da Glencross, B. (2018, Satumba 15). Tunani don Makomar Gina Jiki na Ruwa: Daidaita Halaye don Tunatar da Matsalolin Zamani masu alaƙa da Amfani da Albarkatun Ruwa a cikin Aquafeeds. Ƙungiyar Kifi ta Amurka. https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10067 https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/naaq.10067

A cikin shekaru da dama da suka wuce' masu bincike sun sami babban ci gaba a binciken abinci mai gina jiki na kiwo da madadin abinci. Duk da haka, dogara ga albarkatun ruwa ya kasance ci gaba da ƙuntatawa wanda ke rage dorewa. Dabarar bincike cikakke-mai daidaitawa da buƙatun masana'antu da mai da hankali kan tsarin abinci mai gina jiki da ƙarin kayan masarufi - ana buƙata don haɓaka ci gaba a nan gaba a cikin abinci mai gina jiki na kifaye.

Buck, B., Troell, M., Krause, G., Angel, D., Grote, B., da Chopin, T. (2018, Mayu 15). Halin Fasaha da Kalubale don Haɗe-haɗen Ruwan Ruwa da yawa (IMTA). Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar Ruwa. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00165

Marubutan wannan takarda suna jayayya cewa fitar da wuraren kiwon kifaye zuwa tekun budadden ruwa da nisantar halittun da ke kusa da teku zai taimaka wajen fadada samar da abinci a teku. Wannan binciken ya fito a taƙaice na fasahar ruwa na yanzu, musamman ma amfani da kayan kwalliyar ruwa da aka saba da su don ƙirƙirar tsarin toman taci. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa noman kifayen teku na iya haifar da lahani ga muhalli kuma har yanzu ba su da ƙarfin tattalin arziki.

Duarte, C., Wu, J., Xiao, X., Bruhn, A., Krause-Jensen, D. (2017). Shin Noman Ruwan Ruwa na iya Taimakawa wajen Sauya Sauyin Yanayi da daidaitawa? Iyaka a Kimiyyar Ruwa, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00100

Kifayen ruwan teku ba wai kawai bangaren samar da abinci cikin sauri ba ne kawai amma masana'antar da ke da ikon taimakawa sauyin yanayi da matakan daidaitawa. Dabbobin ruwa na teku na iya yin aiki azaman nutsewar carbon don samar da biofuel, haɓaka ingancin ƙasa ta hanyar aiki a madadin ƙarin gurɓata takin roba, da datse makamashin igiyar ruwa don kare iyakokin teku. Koyaya, masana'antar kiwo na teku a halin yanzu tana iyakance ta hanyar samun wuraren da suka dace da kuma gasa ga wuraren da suka dace tare da sauran amfani, tsarin injiniya waɗanda ke iya jurewa mawuyacin yanayi a cikin teku, da haɓaka buƙatun kasuwa na samfuran ciyawa, da sauran dalilai.

5. Aquaculture da Diversity, Adalci, Hadawa, da Adalci

FAO. 2018. Halin Kifi na Duniya da Aquaculture 2018 - Haɗu da burin ci gaba mai dorewa. Roma. Lasisi: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf

Ajandar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2030 don ci gaba mai dorewa da manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa ta ba da damar yin nazari kan kamun kifin da kiwo da ke mai da hankali kan samar da abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, dorewar amfani da albarkatun kasa, tare da la'akari da hakikanin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da muhalli. Yayin da rahoton ya kai kusan shekaru biyar, har yanzu mayar da hankali kan gudanar da mulki bisa haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin kuma ƙona ƙuri'a.

6. Dokoki da Dokoki Game da Kiwo

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2022). Jagora don Ba da izinin Ruwan Ruwa a cikin Amurka. Ma'aikatar Ciniki, Gudanarwar Tekun Ruwa da Yanayin yanayi. https://media.fisheries.noaa.gov/2022-02/Guide-Permitting-Marine-Aquaculture-United-States-2022.pdf

Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa ta samar da jagora ga masu sha'awar manufofin kiwo na Amurka da ba da izini. An yi nufin wannan jagorar ga mutane masu sha'awar neman izinin kiwo da waɗanda ke son ƙarin koyo game da tsarin ba da izini gami da mahimman kayan aikin. Duk da yake takardar ba ta cika ba, ta haɗa da jerin manufofin ba da izinin jihohi-da-jiha don kifin shellfish, finfish, da ciyawa.

Ofishin Zartarwa na Shugaban Kasa. (2020, Mayu 7). Umurnin zartarwa na Amurka 13921, Haɓaka Gasar Cin Kofin Amurka da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki.

A farkon 2020, Shugaba Biden ya rattaba hannu kan EO 13921 na Mayu 7, 2020, don farfado da masana'antar kamun kifi ta Amurka. Musamman, Sashe na 6 ya tsara ma'auni guda uku don ba da izinin kiwo: 

  1. dake cikin EEZ da wajen ruwan kowace Jiha ko Yanki,
  2. suna buƙatar bitar muhalli ko izini ta hukumomi biyu ko fiye (na tarayya), da
  3. Hukumar da in ba haka ba ita ce hukumar jagoranci ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta shirya sanarwar tasirin muhalli (EIS). 

Waɗannan sharuɗɗan an yi niyya ne don haɓaka masana'antar cin abincin teku mafi fa'ida a cikin Amurka, sanya abinci mai lafiya da lafiya a kan teburin Amurka, da ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Amurka. Wannan umarni na zartarwa kuma yana magance matsalolin da ke tattare da kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba a ba da rahoto ba, ba tare da ka'ida ba, kuma yana inganta gaskiya.

FAO. 2017. Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook - Climate-Smart Fisheries da Aquaculture. Roma.http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/production-resources/module-b4-fisheries/b4-overview/en/

Ƙungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta ƙirƙira wani littafi mai tushe don "kara yin ƙarin bayani game da yanayin noma mai wayo" ciki har da yuwuwar sa da iyakokinta don magance tasirin sauyin yanayi. Wannan tushen zai zama mafi amfani ga masu tsara manufofi a matakai na ƙasa da na ƙasa.

Dokar 1980 ta 26 na Satumba 1980, 96, Dokar Jama'a 362-94, 1198 Stat. 16, 2801 USC XNUMX, da dai sauransu. https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/National%20Aquaculture%20Act%20Of%201980.pdf

Yawancin manufofin Amurka game da Aquaculture ana iya samo su zuwa Dokar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa ta 1980. Wannan doka ta buƙaci Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, da Majalisar Gudanar da Kifi na Yanki don kafa Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Kiwan Kifi ta ƙasa. Tsari. Dokar ta bukaci shirin gano nau'in ruwa da ke da yuwuwar amfani da kasuwanci, ta fitar da shawarar matakan da masu zaman kansu da na jama'a za su dauka don bunkasa noman kifaye da kuma yin bincike kan illar da kifayen ke da shi ga halittun ruwa da na ruwa. Har ila yau, ta ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Interagency Working Group on Aquaculture a matsayin tsarin hukumomi don ba da damar daidaitawa tsakanin hukumomin tarayya na Amurka kan ayyukan da suka shafi kiwo. Sabuwar sigar shirin, da Tsare Tsare Tsare na Kasa don Binciken Ruwan Ruwa na Tarayya (2014-2019), Kwamitin Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha na ƙasa ya ƙirƙira shi kan Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ma'amalar Kimiyya akan Ruwan Kifi.

7. Ƙarin Albarkatu

Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta ƙasa ta ƙirƙiri takaddun gaskiya da yawa da suka mayar da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban na Aquaculture a cikin Amurka. Tabbatattun bayanan da suka dace da wannan Shafi na Bincike sun haɗa da: Ruwan Ruwa da Mu'amalar Muhalli, Aquaculture Yana Bada Sabis na Tsarin Muhalli Mai Fa'ida, Juriyar yanayi da Kiwo, Taimakon Bala'i ga Kamun Kifi, Marine Aquaculture a Amurka, Hatsarin Matsalolin Gudun Ruwan Ruwa, Tsarin Tsarin Ruwa na Ruwa, da kuma Ciyarwar Ruwan Ruwa Mai Dorewa da Abincin Kifi.

White Papers na The Ocean Foundation:

KOMA GA BINCIKE

Kara karantawa

Juya Duniya tare da rubutu mai cewa "Ana kiransa blue planet saboda dalili"
,

Duniya Ita ce Tauraruwar Shudi

Kiyaye Ranar Duniya tare da mu ta hanyar girmama dalilin da yasa ake kiran Duniya duniyar shuɗi - teku! Rufe kashi 71 na duniyarmu, teku tana ciyar da miliyoyin…

Guam Green Sea Kunkuru Hatchlings

Sanar da 2024 Boyd Lyon Scholar

Wanda ya ci Nasara ta 2024 Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund shine Jaime Restrepo.

Haɗa Baya da Yanzu: Abubuwan Al'adun Ƙarƙashin Ruwa a Taron Shekaru Goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2024

Gidauniyar Ocean Foundation ta yi farin cikin shiga cikin taron shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2024 a Barcelona, ​​​​Spain. Taron ya haɗu da masana kimiyya, masu tsara manufofi, matasa, ƴan asalin ƙasar, da al'ummomin yankin…