Ranar Vaquita

The ƙaramin saniya ya kusa bacewa.

Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa yanzu nau'in jinsin ya kai kusan mutane 60 kuma yana raguwa cikin sauri. Ba mu san adadin shekaru / jima'i na sauran mutane ba kuma, musamman, ba mu san adadin mata da ƙarfinsu na haihuwa ba. Idan ragowar yawan jama'a sun haɗa da maza ko mazan mata fiye da yadda ake tsammani (ko fata), to matsayin jinsin ya fi muni fiye da adadin da aka nuna.

Kulawa da kula da kamun kifi mara inganci.

Gillnets, da aka yi amfani da su bisa doka kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba, sun lalata al'ummar vaquita. Blue shrimp (doka) da kuma totoaba (yanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba) kamun kifi sun fi cutar da su; tare, tabbas sun kashe ɗaruruwa - kuma wataƙila sun kashe dubbai - na vaquita tun lokacin da aka kwatanta nau'in ta hanyar kimiyance a cikin 1950s. 

An yi wasu yunƙuri na taimako don dawo da nau'in, amma irin waɗannan matakan sun kasa samar da cikakkiyar kariya da ake buƙata. Kimanin shekaru ashirin da suka wuce Mexico ta kira wata tawagar dawo da kasa da kasa don vaquita (CIRVA) kuma, ta fara da rahotonta na farko, CIRVA ta ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Mexico ta kawar da mazaunin vaquita na gillnets. Duk da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce da aka yi, har yanzu ana samun kamun kifi na gillnet na finfish (misali, curvina), kamun kifin gillnet ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya sake komawa totoaba, kuma ɓata ko "fatalwa" gillnets na iya kashe vaquita. Rashin tabbas game da girman barnar da gillnets ke yi ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa gwamnatin Mexico ba ta da wani tsari mai inganci don sa ido kan kamun kifi a cikin kamun kifi. Dole ne masana kimiyya su tantance adadin mace-macen vaquita daga binciken da aka gudanar a farkon shekarun 1990 da kuma bayanan anecdotal na lokaci-lokaci. 

Kasawa / asarar dama ta Mexico, Amurka, da China.

Gwamnatin Mexico da masana'antar kamun kifi su ma sun kasa aiwatar da wasu hanyoyin kamun kifi (misali, kananan kwale-kwale), duk da cewa bukatar madadin kayan aikin ta bayyana a kalla shekaru ashirin kuma an yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin a wasu kasashe. Waɗannan yunƙurin sun lalace ta hanyar gwaji a cikin lokacin da bai dace ba, tare da toshe shi da ɗimbin gidajen yanar gizo a wuraren bincike, kuma gabaɗaya ya raunana saboda gazawar ma'aikatar kamun kifi, CONAPESCA. 

Gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da gudummawar mahimmancin tallafin kimiyya don tantance yawan jama'ar vaquita kuma ta taimaka wajen tace ƙananan kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da su a arewacin Gulf na California. Koyaya, Amurka tana shigo da yawancin shuɗin shuɗi da aka kama a cikin mazaunin vaquita kuma, ta gaza iyakance shigo da shuɗin shuɗi, kamar yadda ake buƙata ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariya na Mammal Marine. Don haka, Amurka kuma tana da laifi saboda raguwar matsayin vaquita.

Kasar Sin ma, tana da laifi saboda kasuwarta ta totoaba. Koyaya, farfadowar vaquita ba zai iya zama sharadi kan ra'ayin cewa Sin za ta dakatar da wannan ciniki ba. Kasar Sin ta dade ta kasa nuna cewa za ta iya sarrafa cinikin nau'ikan da ke cikin hadari. Dakatar da cinikin totoaba ba bisa ka'ida ba zai buƙaci kai hari a tushensa. 

Ajiye vaquita.

Daban-daban nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa sun murmure daga ƙananan lambobi masu kama da juna kuma muna da ikon juyar da faɗuwar vaquita. Tambayar da ke gabanmu ita ce "Shin muna da dabi'u da ƙarfin hali don aiwatar da matakan da suka dace?"

Har yanzu ba a fayyace amsar ba.

A watan Afrilun 2015 Shugaba Nieto na Mexico ya aiwatar da dokar hana gillnet na tsawon shekaru biyu a cikin kewayon vaquita na yanzu, amma wannan haramcin zai ƙare a watan Afrilu 2017. Menene Mexico za ta yi a lokacin? Menene Amurka za ta yi? Babban zaɓukan da alama shine (1) aiwatarwa da aiwatar da cikakken, dakatarwa na dindindin akan duk kamun gillnet a ko'ina cikin kewayon vaquita da kuma cire duk tarun kamun kifi, da (2) ɗaukar wasu vaquita don adana yawan fursunoni waɗanda za a iya amfani da su. sake gina daji yawan jama'a.

A cikin rahotonsa na baya-bayan nan (7th), CIRVA yayi jayayya cewa, da farko, dole ne a ceci nau'in a cikin daji. Dalilinsa shine cewa yawan daji yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da farfadowa na nau'in da kuma kiyaye mazauninsa. Muna jin tausayin wannan gardama saboda, a cikin babban ɓangare, an yi niyya ne don tilasta masu yanke shawara na Mexico don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace da aka yi muhawara, amma ba a bi da su ba, shekaru da yawa. Hukunce-hukuncen manyan jami'an Mexico da dorewar tilastawa sojojin ruwa na Mexico, da Makiyayin Teku ke tallafawa, shine mabuɗin aiwatar da wannan zaɓi. 

Duk da haka, idan abin da ya gabata shine mafi kyawun tsinkaya na gaba, to, ci gaba da raguwa na nau'in ya nuna cewa Mexico ba za ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba kuma ta ci gaba da dakatar da cikakken lokaci don ceton nau'in. Wannan shine lamarin, mafi kyawun dabarar da alama ita ce shinge faren mu ta hanyar ɗaukar wasu vaquita zuwa bauta. 

Kiyaye jama'ar da aka kama.

Yawan mutanen da aka kama ya fi kowa. Yawan mutanen da aka kama shine tushen bege, iyaka kamar yadda ya kamata.

Ɗaukar vaquita zuwa fursuna zai zama babban aiki da ke buƙatar mu shawo kan ɗimbin ƙalubale da buƙatu, gami da kuɗi; wuri da kama aƙalla ƙananan adadin waɗannan dabbobin da ba a iya gani ba; kai zuwa da gidaje a cikin ko dai wurin da aka kama ko kuma ƙarami, kariyar muhallin ruwa; haɗe da mafi kyawun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya tare da buƙatun kayayyaki da kayan aiki; samun damar yin amfani da dakunan gwaje-gwajen bincike; samar da abinci ga mutanen da aka kama; wuraren ajiya tare da ikon wutar lantarki da injin daskarewa; tsaro ga ma'aikatan vaquita da likitocin dabbobi/ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya; da tallafi daga yankin yankin. Wannan zai zama ƙoƙari na "Barka, Maryamu" - mai wuya, amma ba zai yiwu ba. Har yanzu, tambayar da ke gabanmu ba ta taɓa kasancewa ko za mu iya ceton vaquita ba, amma ko za mu zaɓi yin hakan.