Chodabwitsa Chachisanu ndi Chiwiri Padziko Lonse: Chiwopsezo cha Migodi ku Chikhalidwe Chathu Chapansi pa Madzi

kuchokera matumba apulasitiki ku zolengedwa zatsopano za m'nyanja, pansi pa nyanja pali zinthu zambiri zamoyo, zokongola, ndiponso zinthu zina zokhudza moyo wa munthu.

Nkhani za anthu, miyambo, ndi zikhulupiriro ndi zina mwazotsatira izi , kuwonjezera pa kusweka kwa ngalawa zakuthupi, mabwinja a anthu, ndi zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi zomwe zili pansi pa nyanja. M’mbiri yonse, anthu akhala akuyenda panyanja monga anthu oyenda panyanja, kupanga njira zatsopano zopitira kumaiko akutali ndi kusiya kusweka kwa zombo zapamadzi chifukwa cha nyengo, nkhondo, ndi nyengo yaukapolo wodutsa nyanja ya Atlantic. Zikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi zapanga maubwenzi apamtima ndi zamoyo zam'madzi, zomera, ndi mzimu wa nyanja. 

mu 2001, Magulu a padziko lonse adasonkhana pamodzi kuti azindikire bwino ndi kukhazikitsa tanthauzo ndi chitetezo cha mbiri yakale ya anthu. Zokambiranazi, pamodzi ndi zaka zoposa 50 za ntchito zamayiko osiyanasiyana, zinachititsa kuti anthu avomereze ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawu akuti "Underwater Cultural Heritage," nthawi zambiri amafupikitsidwa kukhala UCH.

Zokambirana za UCH zikukulirakulira chifukwa cha Zaka khumi za UN za Sayansi ya Ocean for Sustainable Development. Nkhani za UCH zadziwika chifukwa cha Msonkhano wa UN Ocean wa 2022 komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito yozungulira migodi yomwe ingachitike m'nyanja yapadziko lonse lapansi - yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Deep Seabed Mining (DSM). Ndipo, UCH idakambidwa nthawi yonseyi 2023 March International Seabed Authority misonkhano pamene mayiko ankakambirana za tsogolo la malamulo a DSM.

ndi 80% ya madzi a m'nyanjayi alibe mapu, DSM imabweretsa zoopsa zambiri kwa UCH yodziwika, yoyembekezeredwa, komanso yosadziwika m'nyanja. Kuchuluka kosadziwika kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha m'madzi ndi makina amalonda a DSM kumaopsezanso UCH yomwe ili m'madzi apadziko lonse. Chotsatira chake, chitetezo cha UCH chatuluka ngati mutu wodetsa nkhaŵa kuchokera ku Pacific Island Indigenous anthu - omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale ya makolo ndi kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe ku nyanja yakuya ndi ma coral polyps omwe amakhala kumeneko - kuphatikiza mbadwa zaku America ndi Africa Nthawi ya Transatlantic Era ya Ukapolo wa ku Africa, pakati pa ena ambiri.

Kodi Deep Seabed Mining (DSM) ndi chiyani? Lamulo la zaka ziwiri ndi chiyani?

Onani tsamba lathu loyambitsa blog ndi tsamba lofufuzira kuti mudziwe zambiri!

Chiyambi cha DSM

Tsamba la Kafukufuku wa DSM

UCH pano ikutetezedwa pansi pa Msonkhano wa United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) wa 2001 pa Chitetezo cha Underwater Cultural Heritage.

Mpaka pano, mayiko 71 avomereza msonkhanowu, kuvomereza kuti:

• kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malonda ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa Underwater Cultural Heritage;
• kutsimikizira kuti cholowa ichi chidzasungidwa mtsogolomo ndikukhala pamalo ake oyamba, opezeka;
• kuthandiza makampani okopa alendo omwe akukhudzidwa;
• kuthandizira kukulitsa luso ndi kusinthana kwa chidziwitso; ndi
• thandizirani mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi monga zikuwonekera mu Msonkhano wa UNESCO mawu.

The UN Zaka khumi za Sayansi ya Ocean, 2021-2030, idayamba ndi kuvomereza kwa Cultural Heritage Framework Programme (CHFP), zaka khumi za UN Action cholinga chake chophatikiza kulumikizana kwa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe ndi nyanja mu sayansi ndi mfundo. Imodzi mwama projekiti oyambilira a CHFP pazaka khumi ikufufuza UCH ya Zithunzi za Stone Tidal Weirs, mtundu wa njira zokokera nsomba potengera zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Micronesia, Japan, France, ndi China. 

Mafundewa ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha UCH ndi zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse zovomereza mbiri yathu pansi pamadzi. Pamene mamembala a International Seabed Authority (ISA) akuyesetsa kudziwa momwe angatetezere UCH, choyamba ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zili m'gulu lalikulu la Underwater Cultural Heritage. 

UCH ilipo padziko lonse lapansi komanso kudutsa nyanja.

*Zindikirani: Nyanja imodzi yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi yolumikizidwa komanso yamadzimadzi, ndipo chilichonse mwa mabeseni am'nyanja awa amatengera momwe anthu amaonera malo. Kulumikizana pakati pa mabeseni otchedwa "ocean" kuyenera kuyembekezera.

Atlantic Ocean

nyanja ya Pacific

Indian Ocean

Njira Zamalonda Zaku Europe

Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mayiko ambiri aku Europe, motsogozedwa ndi Apwitikizi ndi Dutch, adapanga Makampani Ogulitsa Kum'mawa kwa India ndikuchita malonda kudera lonse la Pacific. Izi nthawi zina ngalawa zinkatayika panyanja. Umboni wa maulendowa umapezeka pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic, Southern, Indian, ndi Pacific Ocean.

Nyanja Yakumwera

Kufufuza kwa Antarctic

Kusweka kwa ngalawa, mabwinja a anthu, ndi zizindikiro zina za mbiri ya anthu ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kufufuza kwa madzi a Antarctic. M'chigawo cha British Antarctic Territory chokha, 9+ kusweka kwa zombo ndi malo ena osangalatsa a UCH apezeka kuchokera ku zoyesayesa zofufuza. Kuphatikiza apo, Antarctic Treaty System imavomereza kuwonongeka kwa San Telmo, chombo cha ku Spain chosweka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 popanda wopulumuka, monga malo odziwika bwino.

Nyanja ya Arctic

Njira zodutsa ku Arctic Ice

Mofanana ndi UCH yomwe imapezeka ndikuyembekezeredwa ku Southern Ocean ndi madzi a Antarctic, mbiri ya anthu ku Arctic Ocean yakhala ikugwirizana ndi njira zopezera mayiko ena. Zombo zambiri anazizira ndi kumira, osasiya ndi mmodzi yemwe poyesa kuyenda kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo pakati pa 1800s-1900s. Zombo zopha anangumi zoposa 150 zinatayika panthawiyi.

Zitsanzozi zikuwonetsa gawo lochepa chabe la cholowa, mbiri yakale, ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimawonetsa kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi nyanja, ndipo zambiri mwa zitsanzozi zimakakamizika kufufuza komalizidwa ndi lens ndi malingaliro akumadzulo. Muzokambirana kuzungulira UCH, kuphatikiza kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana, maziko, ndi njira zophatikizira zidziwitso zachikhalidwe ndi zaku Western ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chitetezo chokwanira kwa onse. Zambiri mwa UCHzi zili m'madzi apadziko lonse ndipo zili pachiopsezo kuchokera ku DSM, makamaka ngati DSM ikupita popanda kuvomereza UCH ndi njira zotetezera. Nthumwi pa siteji ya mayiko ndi panopa kukambirana momwe kutero, koma njira yopita patsogolo sinadziwikebe.

Ocean Foundation ikukhulupirira kuti zowongolera zozungulira DSM siziyenera kufulumizitsidwa, makamaka popanda kukambirana kapena kuchita nawo. onse okhudzidwa. ISA ikufunikanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi omwe adadziwitsidwa kale, makamaka anthu amtundu wa Pacific, kuti amvetsetse ndi kuteteza cholowa chawo monga gawo la cholowa cha anthu onse. Timathandizira kuimitsidwa pokhapokha komanso mpaka malamulo ali otetezedwa ngati malamulo adziko.  

Kuyimitsa kwa DSM kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira komanso kuthamanga pazaka zingapo zapitazi, ndi mayiko 14 akugwirizana panjira ina yopuma kapena kuletsa mchitidwewo. Kuyanjana ndi okhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe, makamaka kuchokera kumagulu amtundu wa anthu omwe amadziwika ndi kugwirizana kwa makolo kumtunda wa nyanja, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pazokambirana zonse za UCH. Timafunikira kuvomereza koyenera kwa UCH ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi madera padziko lonse lapansi, kuti tithe kuteteza cholowa chofanana cha anthu, zinthu zakuthupi, kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe, ndi mgwirizano wathu pamodzi ndi nyanja.