Ndemanga Zanu za TOF pa Misonkhano Yadziko Lonse Yapadziko Lonse ya Seabed Authority

Gawo I la 28^th Session of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) idatsekedwa mwalamulo kumapeto kwa Marichi.

Tikugawana nawo mphindi zofunika kuchokera kumisonkhano yokhudzana ndi migodi yakuya, kuphatikiza zosintha pakuphatikizidwa kwa Underwater Cultural Heritage m'malamulo amigodi omwe akufuna, zokambirana za "bwanji-ngati", komanso kuwunika kwa kutentha pa a mndandanda wa zolinga Ocean Foundation idakhazikitsidwa chaka chatha kutsatira misonkhano ya Julayi 2022.

Pitani ku:

• Zotengera za Gulu Logwira Ntchito
• Ulamuliro wa Zaka ziwiri
• Zochitika Zam'mbali
• TOF Goal Check-In

Mayiko mamembala adakambirananso za Mawu a Purezidenti, mndandanda wa malamulo omwe sakugwirizana ndi gulu lina. Kukambitsirana kwa “bwanji” kunkawonekeranso kwambiri.

Pamene otsogolera adatsegula pansi kuti apereke ndemanga pa lamulo lililonse, Mamembala a Bungwe, Observer states, ndi Observers adatha kupereka ndemanga yachidule pamalamulo, kupereka ma tweaks kapena kufotokoza chinenero chatsopano pamene Bungwe likugwira ntchito kuti likhale ndi malamulo owonjezera. mafakitale popanda chitsanzo. 

Maiko otchulidwa ndi kutsimikiziranso kapena kutsutsa zomwe dziko lakale linanena, nthawi zambiri amakonza zenizeni pa mawu okonzekera. Ngakhale sikunali kukambirana kwachikhalidwe, kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku kunalola munthu aliyense m'chipindamo, mosasamala kanthu za udindo wake, kudalira kuti malingaliro awo amveka ndikuphatikizidwa.

M'malo mwake, komanso molingana ndi malamulo a ISA omwe, oyang'anira atha kutenga nawo gawo pazokambirana za khonsolo pazokhudza zomwe zimawakhudza. M'machitidwe, mulingo wa Observer kutenga nawo mbali pa ISA 28-I udadalira wotsogolera gawo lililonse. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti otsogolera ena anali odzipereka kuti apereke mawu kwa Owonerera ndi Mamembala mofanana, kulola kuti bata ndi nthawi yoti nthumwi zonse ziganizire zomwe anena. Otsogolera ena adafunsa Owonerera kuti asunge mawu awo pamlingo wokhazikika wa mphindi zitatu ndipo adathamangira kupyola malamulowo, kunyalanyaza zopempha kuti alankhule pofuna kusonyeza kuvomerezana ngakhale kusagwirizana koteroko kunalibe. 

Kumayambiriro kwa gawoli, mayiko adawonetsa kuti akuchirikiza pangano latsopano lotchedwa Zamoyo Zosiyanasiyana Zoposa Ulamuliro Wadziko (BBNJ). Panganoli linagwirizana pa msonkhano waposachedwa wa Intergovernmental Conference pa chida chomangirira mwalamulo padziko lonse pansi pa UNCLOS. Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza zamoyo zam'madzi komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma kumadera opitilira malire a mayiko. Maiko ku ISA adazindikira kufunika kwa panganoli polimbikitsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndikuphatikiza chidziwitso chachikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu mu kafukufuku wam'nyanja.

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Zotengera kuchokera ku Gulu Lililonse Logwira Ntchito

Gulu Logwira Ntchito Lotseguka pa Migwirizano Yazachuma ya Mgwirizano (March 16-17)

• Nthumwi zinamva maulaliki awiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri azachuma: imodzi kuchokera kwa woimira Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ndipo yachiwiri kuchokera ku Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF).
• Ambiri omwe adapezekapo adawona kuti kukambirana za zachuma sikunali kothandiza popanda kuvomerezana ndi malamulo onse. Kumverera kumeneku kunapitirizabe pamisonkhano yonse pomwe mayiko ochulukira amalankhula thandizo pofuna kuletsa, kuimitsidwa, kapena kuyimitsa kaye mosamala pakukumba pansi pa nyanja.
• Lingaliro la kusamutsidwa kwa ufulu ndi udindo pansi pa mgwirizano wopezera anthu masuku pamutu linakambidwa motalika, ndipo nthumwi zina zikugogomezera kuti mayiko omwe akuthandizira ayenera kukhala ndi chonena pa kusamutsidwa kumeneku. TOF idalowererapo kuti izindikire kuti kusintha kulikonse kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mozama ngati kusamutsa, popeza kumapereka nkhani zofananira zaulamuliro, zitsimikizo zachuma, ndi udindo.

Gulu Logwira Ntchito Lopanda Mwamwayi pa Chitetezo ndi Kusungidwa kwa Zachilengedwe Zam'madzi (March 20-22)

• Anthu asanu a ku Pacific Indigenous Island adaitanidwa ndi nthumwi ya Greenpeace International kuti ilankhule ndi nthumwi za kugwirizana kwawo kwa makolo ndi chikhalidwe chawo kunyanja yakuya. Solomon "Amalume Sol" Kaho'ohalahala adatsegula msonkhano ndi oli (chant) yaku Hawaii kuti alandire onse ku zokambirana zamtendere. Anatsindika kufunikira kophatikiza chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu m'malamulo, zisankho, ndi chitukuko cha kakhalidwe.
• Hinano Murphy adapereka Blue Climate Initiative's Pempho Lachibadwidwe la Kuletsa kwa Deep Seabed Mining, zomwe zimapempha mayiko kuzindikira kugwirizana pakati pa Amwenye ndi nyanja yakuya ndikuphatikiza mawu awo pazokambirana. 
• Mogwirizana ndi mawu amawu amtundu Wachibadwidwe, kukambirana mozungulira Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) kudakumana ndi chidwi komanso chidwi. TOF idalowererapo kuti iwonetsere cholowa chogwirika komanso chosagwira ntchito chomwe chingakhale pachiwopsezo cha migodi yakuya pansi panyanja, komanso kusowa kwaukadaulo woteteza pakadali pano. TOF idakumbukiranso kuti mayiko ambiri omwe ali membala wa ISA adadzipereka kuteteza chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi kudzera m'misonkhano yomwe mayiko onse adagwirizana, kuphatikiza ndime 149 ya UNCLOS, yomwe imalamula kuteteza zinthu zakale ndi mbiri yakale, Msonkhano wa UNESCO 2001 wokhudza Chitetezo cha Underwater Cultural Heritage, ndi UNESCO. Msonkhano Wachigawo wa 2003 Woteteza Chikhalidwe Chosaoneka Chachikhalidwe.
• Maiko ambiri adawonetsa kudzipereka kwawo kulemekeza UCH ndipo adaganiza zokhala ndi msonkhano wapakatikati kuti akambirane momwe angaphatikizire ndikutanthauzira m'malamulo. 
• Pamene kafukufuku wochulukira akutuluka, zikuwonekeratu kuti zamoyo zapanyanja zakuya, zamoyo, ndi cholowa cha anthu chogwirika komanso chosagwira ntchito zili pachiwopsezo cha migodi ya pansi pa nyanja. Pamene mayiko omwe ali mamembala akupitiriza kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa malamulowa, kubweretsa mitu ngati UCH patsogolo kumapempha nthumwi kuti ziganizire zovuta ndi zovuta zomwe makampaniwa angakhale nazo.

Gulu Logwira Ntchito Losakhazikika Loyang'anira, Kutsata, ndi Kukwaniritsa (March 23-24)

• Pamisonkhano yokhudzana ndi kuyendera, kutsata, ndi kutsata malamulo, nthumwi zinakambirana momwe ISA ndi mabungwe ake ocheperako angagwiritsire ntchito mitu imeneyi komanso kuti ndani azidzayang'anira.
• Mayiko ena adawona kuti zokambiranazi zinali zisanakwane ndipo zidathamangitsidwa, popeza mfundo zoyambira zamalamulo, zomwe ndizofunikira pamalamulo ambiri, sizinavomerezedwebe. 
• Chikhalidwe cha Underwater Cultural Heritage chinawonekeranso muzokambiranazi, ndipo mayiko ambiri adalankhula motsimikiza za kufunikira kwa zokambirana zapakati komanso kuti zotsatira za zokambiranazo ziphatikizidwe muzokambirana zazikulu pamisonkhano yamtsogolo.

Gulu Logwira Ntchito Mwamwayi pa Nkhani za Masukulu (March 27-29)

• Nthumwi zinakambirana za ndondomeko yowunikiranso ndondomeko ya ntchito ndikukambirana za kutenga nawo mbali kwa mayiko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja pakuwonanso ndondomeko yotereyi. Popeza zovuta za migodi ya m'nyanja zakuya zimatha kupitilira dera lomwe migodi idasankhidwa, kuphatikiza madera apafupi ndi nyanja ndi njira imodzi yowonetsetsa kuti onse omwe akhudzidwa akuphatikizidwa. Ngakhale kuti palibe mfundo zomwe zinafikiridwa pa funsoli pamisonkhano ya March, nthumwi zinagwirizana kuti zilankhulenso za udindo wa mayiko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja misonkhano ya July isanachitike.
• Mayiko adatsimikiziranso kufunikira koteteza chilengedwe cha m'nyanja, m'malo molinganiza phindu lazachuma la kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chitetezo. Iwo anagogomezera ufulu wotheratu woteteza chilengedwe cha m’madzi monga momwe UNCLOS yafotokozedwera, ndi kuvomerezanso kufunika kwake.

Mawu a Purezidenti

• Mayiko adalankhula za zomwe ziyenera kunenedwa ku ISA ndi makontrakitala ngati zinthu sizikuyenda monga momwe adakonzera. Kwa zaka zambiri, nthumwi zapanga 'zochitika zodziwikiratu' kuti makontrakitala aziganizira, kuphatikizapo ngozi ndi zochitika. Panthawiyi, adakangana ngati zinthu zakale zapakaleontological ziyeneranso kufotokozedwa, mothandizidwa mosiyanasiyana.
• Zolemba za Purezidenti zimaphatikizanso malamulo ambiri okhudza inshuwaransi, mapulani azachuma, ndi mapangano omwe adzakambidwenso pakuwerenga kotsatira kwa malamulo.

Kunja kwa chipinda chachikulu cha msonkhano, nthumwi zinagwira ntchito pamitu yotsatizana, kuphatikizapo lamulo la zaka ziwiri ndi zochitika zapambali zomwe zimayang'ana pa migodi, sayansi ya m'madzi, mawu a anthu amtundu wamba, ndi kukambirana ndi okhudzidwa.

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Ulamuliro wa Zaka ziwiri

Pomwe tsiku lomaliza la Julayi 9, 2023 likuyandikira, nthumwi zinagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro angapo m'zipinda zotsekedwa sabata yonse, ndi mgwirizano womwe udakwaniritsidwa tsiku lomaliza. Zotsatira zake zidakhala kwakanthawi Chigamulo cha khonsolo kunena kuti Khonsolo, ngakhale atawunikanso dongosolo la ntchito, sayenera kuvomereza kapena kuvomereza dongosololi kwakanthawi. Chigamulochi chinanenanso kuti bungwe la Legal and Technical Commission (LTC, bungwe lothandizira la Council) silingakakamize kuvomereza kapena kutsutsa ndondomeko ya ntchito komanso kuti Bungwe likhoza kupereka malangizo ku LTC. Chigamulocho chinapempha Mlembi Wamkulu kuti adziwitse mamembala a Council kuti alandira pempho lililonse mkati mwa masiku atatu. Nthumwi zinagwirizana kuti zipitirize kukambirana mu July.

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Zochitika Zam'mbali

Kampani ya Metals (TMC) inachititsa zochitika ziwiri zapambali monga gawo la Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. (NORI) kuti agawane zomwe asayansi apeza pa kuyesa kwa dothi ndikupereka maziko oyambilira a Social Impact Assessment. Opezekapo adafunsa momwe kukwera pamlingo wamalonda ndi makina azamalonda kungakhudzire zomwe zapezeka pakuyesa kwa matope, makamaka popeza zoyeserera zomwe zikuchitika zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zosagulitsa. Wowonetsayo adawonetsa kuti sipadzakhala kusintha, ngakhale zida zoyesera zopanda malonda ndizochepa kwambiri. Asayansi omwe anali pamsonkhanowo anakayikiranso njira ya mmene mapulanetiwo analili, ponena za vuto limene asayansi akhala nalo poyang’anira ndi kupenda mvula yamkuntho. Poyankha, wowonetsayo adavomereza kuti iyi ndi vuto lomwe adakumana nalo, komanso kuti sanasanthula bwino zomwe zili mumtambo kuchokera pakubwerera kwapakati pamadzi.

Kukambitsirana pazokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu kudakumana ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi kulimba kwa machitidwe ophatikizidwa omwe amakhudzidwa. Kawonedwe kakawonedwe kakayendetsedwe ka anthu kakuphatikiza kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali m'magulu atatu akuluakulu okhudzidwa: asodzi ndi owayimilira, magulu a amayi ndi owayimilira, magulu a achinyamata ndi owayimilira. Mmodzi yemwe adapezekapo adawona kuti maguluwa ali ndi anthu pakati pa 4 ndi 5 biliyoni, ndipo adafunsa owonetsa kuti afotokozere momwe amafunira kuti gulu lililonse lizichita. Owonetserawo adawonetsa kuti mapulani awo akungoyang'ana zabwino zomwe migodi ya pansi pa nyanja ikuyembekezeka kukhala nayo kwa nzika za Nauru. Akukonzekeranso kuphatikiza Fiji. Kutsatira kuchokera kwa nthumwi ya boma kudafunsa chifukwa chomwe adangosankha mayiko awiri a pachilumba cha Pacific ndipo sanaganizirenso za zilumba zina zambiri za Pacific Islands ndi Pacific Islands zomwe ziwonanso zotsatira za DSM. Poyankha, owonetsawo adati akuyenera kuyang'ananso gawo lachikoka ngati gawo la Environmental Impact Assessment.

The Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI) inabweretsa akatswiri atatu a zamoyo za m’nyanja zakuzama, a Jesse van der Grient, Jeff Drazen, ndi Matthias Haeckel, kuti alankhule za mmene migodi ya m’nyanja yakuya pansi pa nyanja yakuya pansi pa nyanja ndi matanthwe, m’chilengedwe chapakati pa madzi, ndi pa usodzi. Asayansiwa adapereka zambiri kuchokera ku kafukufuku watsopano yemwe akuwunikidwanso. Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR), yothandizana ndi kampani yaukadaulo yapamadzi yaku Belgian DEME Group, idaperekanso malingaliro asayansi pazovuta za dothi ndikugawana zomwe zapeza pa kafukufuku waposachedwa. Permanent Mission ya ku Nigeria ku Kingston, Jamaica idachita mwambo wokambirana zomwe boma lingatenge kuti lilembetse mgwirizano wofufuza miyala.

Greenpeace International idachita nawo mwambo wa Island Perspectives on Deep Seabed Mining kuti apatse atsogoleri azikhalidwe zaku Pacific omwe adapezeka pamisonkhano luso lolankhula. Wokamba nkhani aliyense anapereka lingaliro la momwe madera awo amadalira pa nyanja ndi ziwopsezo za migodi ya pansi pa nyanja.

Pamisonkhano yonseyi, magulu awiri a anthu aku Jamaica adabwera kudzakondwerera kuphatikizidwa kwa mawu achikhalidwe m'zipinda zochitira misonkhano ndikutsutsa DSM. Gulu lankhondo lachikhalidwe la ku Jamaican Maroon lidachita mwambo wolandirira mawu a pachilumba cha Pacific m'sabata yoyamba, motsatizana ndi zikwangwani zoyitanitsa nthumwi kuti "anene kuti AYI kumigodi yakuya." Sabata yotsatira, bungwe lachinyamata la ku Jamaican linabweretsa zikwangwani ndikuwonetsa kunja kwa nyumba ya ISA, kuyitanitsa kuti aletse migodi yakuya kuti ateteze nyanja.

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Mu Ogasiti 2022, TOF itakhala Observer ku ISA, timayika zolinga zingapo. Pamene tikuyambitsa misonkhano ya 2023, nayi cheke pa ena mwa iwo:

Cholinga: Kuti onse omwe akukhudzidwawo achitepo kanthu pa migodi ya pansi pa nyanja.

Poyerekeza ndi misonkhano ya November, okhudzidwa ambiri adatha kukhala m'chipindamo - koma chifukwa Greenpeace International, NGO Observer NGO, adawaitanira. Mawu a Pacific Indigenous Islander anali ofunikira pamisonkhano ya Marichi ndikubweretsa mawu atsopano omwe sanamvedwepo. Mabungwe omwe siaboma adawonetsetsanso kuti mawu a achinyamata akuphatikizidwa, kubweretsa olimbikitsa achinyamata, atsogoleri achinyamata a Sustainable Ocean Alliance, ndi atsogoleri achinyamata achikhalidwe. Zolimbikitsa achinyamata zinaliponso kunja kwa misonkhano ya ISA ndi bungwe la achinyamata la ku Jamaican lomwe likuchita ziwonetsero zotsutsa DSM. Camille Etienne, msilikali wachinyamata wa ku France m'malo mwa Greenpeace International, adalankhula mwachidwi kwa nthumwi kuti apemphe thandizo lawo poteteza nyanja ku DSM isanayambe, chifukwa "tikafika pano nyumba isanapse." (kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku French)

Kukhalapo kwa gulu lirilonse la okhudzidwa kumapereka chiyembekezo kwa TOF pa zokambirana zamtsogolo, koma udindowu suyenera kugwera pa NGOs. M'malo mwake, chiyenera kukhala chofunikira kwa onse opezekapo kuitana nthumwi zosiyanasiyana kuti mawu onse amveke m'chipindamo. ISA iyeneranso kufunafuna okhudzidwa, kuphatikiza pamisonkhano ina yapadziko lonse lapansi, monga yazachilengedwe, nyanja, ndi nyengo. Pachifukwa ichi, TOF ikuchita nawo zokambirana za intersessional on Stakeholder Consultation kuti apitilize zokambiranazi.

Cholinga: Kwezani chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi gawo lomveka bwino la zokambirana za DSM zisanawonongedwe mosadziwa.

Underwater Cultural Heritage inalandira chisamaliro chofunikira kwambiri pamisonkhano ya March. Kupyolera mu mphamvu yophatikizana ya malingaliro a malemba, mawu a Pacific Indigenous Islanders, ndi dziko lokonzeka kutsogolera zokambiranazo zinaloledwa kuti UCH ikhale gawo lomveka la zokambirana za DSM. Kuthamanga kumeneku kunayambitsa lingaliro la zokambirana zapakati pa momwe angatanthauzire bwino ndikuphatikiza UCH mu malamulo. TOF imakhulupirira kuti DSM singakhale yogwirizana ndi chitetezo cha UCH yathu yowoneka, komanso yosaoneka, ndipo idzagwira ntchito kuti ibweretse maganizowa pa zokambirana zapakati.

Cholinga: Kupitiliza kulimbikitsa kuimitsidwa kwa DSM.

Pamisonkhano, Vanuatu ndi Dominican Republic adalengeza kuti athandizira kuyimitsa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero cha mayiko omwe atengapo mbali motsutsana ndi migodi ya m'nyanja yakuya mpaka 14. Mkulu wina wa ku Finnish adawonetsanso thandizo kudzera pa Twitter. TOF ikukondwera ndi mgwirizano mu Council kuti UNCLOS sichikulamula kuti avomereze mgwirizano wa migodi popanda malamulo, koma akhumudwitsidwa kuti njira yotsimikizirika yoonetsetsa kuti migodi yamalonda ikuvomerezedwa siinaganizidwe. Kuti izi zitheke, TOF itenga nawo gawo pazokambirana zapakati pazochitika za "bwanji-ngati".

Cholinga: Kuti tisawononge chilengedwe chathu chakuzama kwa nyanja tisanadziwe kuti ndi chiyani, komanso zomwe zimatichitira.

Owonerera kuphatikizapo Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), Deep Sea Conservation Coalition (DSCC), komanso mwakhama anakumbutsa maiko pamisonkhano yonse za mipata yambiri ya chidziwitso chomwe tili nacho ponena za chilengedwe cha nyanja yakuya.