Titanic ngati Gawo la Ocean Heritage

Pamene tikuyandikira 110^th chikumbutso chakumira kwa Titanic (usiku wa 14^th - 15^th April 1912), ganizo lowonjezereka liyenera kuganiziridwa kuti liganizire za chitetezo ndi chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi cha kuwonongeka komwe tsopano kuli mkati mwa Atlantic. M'madzi chikhalidwe cholowa amatanthauza malo apanyanja omwe ali ofunikira m'mbiri kapena chikhalidwe kuphatikiza zogwirika (zambiri zakale) komanso zosawoneka (zachikhalidwe) zamasambawo, monga zinthu zakale zakale kapena matanthwe omwe ali ofunikira pachikhalidwe kwa anthu amderalo. Pankhani ya Titanic, malo owonongekawo ndi ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri komanso chikhalidwe chifukwa cha cholowa cha malowa monga sitima yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwakhala ngati chothandizira kuti pakhale malamulo ndi mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amayendetsa malamulo apanyanja padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano monga Safety of Life at Sea Convention, kukhazikitsidwa kwa International Maritime Organisation, komanso kuteteza chikhalidwe cha pansi pamadzi). Chiyambireni kupezeka kwake, mkangano wapitilirabe pa momwe angasungire bwino ngoziyi kuti ikhalepo ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Kodi Titanic Iyenera Kusungidwa Bwanji?

Monga wapadera m'madzi chikhalidwe cholowa malo, ndi Titanicchitetezo ndi mkangano. Pofika pano, zinthu zokwana 5,000 zasungidwa pamalo owonongeka ndipo zasungidwa m’gulu la zinthu zonse zosungiramo zinthu zakale zosungiramo zinthu zakale kapena m’malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, pafupifupi 95% ya Titanic ikusungidwa mu Situ ngati chikumbutso cha panyanja. Ku Situ - kwenikweni m'malo oyamba - ndi njira yomwe malo olowa pansi pamadzi amasiyidwa osasokonezedwa kuti asungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malowo. 

Kaya Titanic imasungidwa pamalopo kapena imachita zoyeserera kuti alole zosonkhanitsidwa zochepa kuti zilimbikitse anthu kupeza, ngoziyo iyenera kutetezedwa kwa omwe akuyembekeza kuwononga ngoziyo. Lingaliro la kupulumutsa kwa sayansi loperekedwa pamwambapa likutsutsana mwachindunji ndi otchedwa osaka chuma. Osaka chuma sagwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi zopezera zinthu zakale nthawi zambiri pofuna kupeza ndalama kapena kutchuka. Kudyera masuku pamutu kwamtunduwu kuyenera kupewedwa zivute zitani chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi komanso kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe zozungulira nyanja.

Ndi Malamulo Otani Amateteza Titanic?

Popeza malo owonongeka a Titanic idapezeka mu 1985, pakhala kutsutsana kwakukulu pankhani yosunga malo. Pakadali pano, mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi ndi malamulo apakhomo akhazikitsidwa kuti achepetse kusonkhanitsa zinthu zakale kuchokera ku Titanic ndi kusunga chiwonongekocho mu situ.

Kuyambira mu 2021, the Titanic amatetezedwa pansi pa Pangano la US-UK International pa Titanic, UNESCO Msonkhano wa 2001 Woteteza Chikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe Chapansi pa MadziNdipo Lamulo la Nyanja. Pamodzi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi umathandizira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pachitetezo ndikusunga lingaliro loti mayiko ali ndi udindo woteteza zomwe zidawonongeka, kuphatikiza Titanic.

Palinso malamulo apakhomo oteteza ngozi. Ku United Kingdom, a Titanic amatetezedwa kudzera Chitetezo cha Zowonongeka (RMS Titanic) Order 2003. Mkati mwa United States, kuyesetsa kuteteza Titanic adayamba ndi Mtengo wa RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act ya 1986, yomwe idafuna mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi malangizo a NOAA omwe adasindikizidwa mu 2001, ndi Gawo 113 la Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017. Lamulo la 2017 limati "palibe munthu amene angachite kafukufuku, kufufuza, kupulumutsa, kapena zochitika zina zomwe zingasinthe kapena kusokoneza malo owonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa RMS. Titanic pokhapokha atavomerezedwa ndi Secretary of Commerce. ” 

Mkangano Wambiri Paza Ufulu Wopulumutsa ku Titanic ndi Zopangidwa Zake

Pomwe makhothi a Admiralty amalamula (makhothi am'madzi) amateteza zofuna za anthu Titanic kudzera mu lamulo la nyanja ya salvage (onani pamwamba pa gawo), chitetezo ndi malire pa kusonkhanitsa salvage sizinatsimikizidwe nthawi zonse. M'mbiri yamalamulo ya 1986 Act, panali umboni wochokera kwa wotulukira Bob Ballard - yemwe adapeza Titanic - kuti bwanji Titanic ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo (mu situ) monga chikumbutso cha panyanja kwa omwe adataya miyoyo yawo usiku woopsawo. Komabe, paumboni wake, Ballard adanena kuti panali zinthu zina zomwe zili m'munda wa zinyalala pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kuti zibwezeretsedwe bwino ndi kusungidwa m'gulu lomwe likupezeka kwa anthu. George Tulloch wa Titanic Ventures (kenako RMS Titanic kapena RMST) adaphatikizira lingaliro ili mu pulani yake yopulumutsira yomwe idapangidwa ndi omwe adatulukira limodzi ndi French Institute IFREMIR potengera kuti zinthuzo zisungidwe pamodzi ngati zosonkhanitsira. Tulloch ndiye adalonjeza kuthandiza RMST kupeza ufulu wopulumutsa Titanic m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa Virginia mu 1994. Lamulo lamilandu lotsatira loletsa kuboola magawo a chombo kuti apulumutse zinthu zakale linaphatikizidwa mu Pangano la Titanic kuletsa kulowa kwa ngozi ndi kusonkhanitsa salvage kuchokera mkati Titanic hule. 

Mu 2000, RMST idalandidwa mwankhanza ndi eni ake ena omwe amafuna kupulumutsa m'magawo ena ndipo adasumira boma la US kuti liletse kusaina Pangano la Padziko Lonse. Titanic (onani ndime yachiwiri). Mlanduwo udathetsedwa, ndipo khotilo lidaperekanso lamulo lina lokumbutsa RMST kuti ndizoletsedwa kuboola chiboliboli ndi kupulumutsa zinthu zakale. Kuyesetsa kwa RMST kukulitsa chidwi chake popanga ndalama zopulumutsira iwo sanachite bwino kufunafuna udindo pansi pa lamulo la zopeza koma adatha kulandira mphotho ya kusonkhanitsa zinthu zakale zomwe zimatsatira mapangano ndi zikhalidwe zina kuti ziwonetse chidwi cha anthu. Titanic.  

Pambuyo RMST anasiya ntchito yobetcherana zonse kapena mbali ya zosonkhanitsira Titanic Izo zinabwereranso ku dongosolo loboola chombocho kuti apulumutse wailesi (yotchedwa zida za Marconi) yomwe inatumiza chizindikiro chachisoni usiku watsoka umenewo. Ngakhale kuti poyamba linakhutiritsa chigawo cha Kum'maŵa kwa Virginia kuti chikhale chosiyana ndi lamulo lake la 2000 lolola kuti "pang'ono . . . kudula mungozi pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira kuti mulowetse Marconi Suite, ndikuchotsa kuwonongeka kwa chipangizo chopanda zingwe cha Marconi ndi zinthu zakale zomwe zikugwirizana nazo" 4^th Bwalo la Apilo la Cigawo linasintha lamuloli. Pochita izi, idazindikira kuti khothi laling'ono lili ndi mphamvu zopereka chigamulochi m'tsogolomu koma litangoganizira mfundo za Boma la US kuti 2017 Act imafuna chilolezo kuchokera ku Deptpartment of Commerce NOAA mogwirizana ndi Pangano la Padziko Lonse pa. Titanic.

Pamapeto pake, khotilo lidavomereza lingaliro lakuti ngakhale pangakhale chidwi ndi anthu kuti atenge zinthu zakale kuchokera ku gawo la chombocho, ntchito iliyonse iyenera kutsata ndondomeko yomwe ingakhudze nthambi za United Kingdom ndi United States, ndi ayenera kulemekeza ndi kutanthauzira malamulo a Congress ndi mapangano omwe ali chipani. Choncho, a Titanic kusweka kwa ngalawa kumakhalabe kotetezedwa mu situ popeza palibe munthu kapena bungwe lomwe lingasinthe kapena kusokoneza Titanic chombo chasweka pokhapokha atapatsidwa chilolezo chochokera ku maboma onse a US ndi UK.

Pamene tikuyandikiranso chikumbutso cha kumira kwa mwina chombo chodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zimabweretsa kufunikira kwa chitetezo chopitirizira cha cholowa chathu cha m'nyanja kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa Titanic, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) imasunga masamba pa Pangano, Malangizo, Njira Yovomerezeka, Salvage, ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi Titanic ku United States. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zalamulo ndi milandu yokhudza Titanic onani Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology Malingaliro Ozama.