Blue Carbon

Buluu carbon ndi carbon dioxide yomwe imatengedwa ndi nyanja yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mpweya uwu umasungidwa mumtundu wa biomass ndi matope ochokera ku mangrove, madambo amadzi ndi udzu wa m'nyanja. Buluu carbon ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri, koma yosaiwalika, njira yochotsera kaboni ndi kusunga kwa nthawi yayitali. Zofunikanso chimodzimodzi, kuyika ndalama mu kaboni wabuluu kumapereka chithandizo chamtengo wapatali cha chilengedwe chomwe chimathandizira kuti anthu athe kuchepetsa ndi kuzolowera zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo.

Pano tapanga zina mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri pamutuwu.

Zoonadi ndi Flyers

A Blue Carbon Fund - Nyanja yofanana ndi REDD yolanda mpweya m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. (Flyer)
Ichi ndi chidule chothandiza komanso chofupikitsidwa cha lipoti la UNEP ndi GRID-Arendal, kuphatikizapo ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe nyanja imachita pa nyengo yathu komanso njira zotsatila kuti ziphatikizepo pazochitika za kusintha kwa nyengo.   

Blue Carbon: Mapu a Nkhani kuchokera ku GRID-Arendal.
Bukhu lankhani lothandizira pa sayansi ya buluu wa buluu ndi malingaliro awo otetezedwa ku GRID-Arendal.

AGEDI. 2014. Kumanga Zomangamanga za Blue Carbon - Buku Loyambira. AGEDI/EAD. Lofalitsidwa ndi AGEDI. Yopangidwa ndi GRID-Arendal, A Center Collaborating ndi UNEP, Norway.
Lipotili ndi chithunzithunzi cha sayansi ya Blue Carbon, mfundo ndi kasamalidwe mogwirizana ndi United Nations Environmental Programme. Mphamvu za Blue carbon pazachuma ndi mabungwe komanso kukulitsa luso lantchito kumawunikiridwa. Izi zikuphatikiza maphunziro amilandu ku Australia, Thailand, Abu Dhabi, Kenya ndi Madagascar.

Pidgeon, E., Herr, D., Fonseca, L. (2011). Kuchepetsa Kutulutsa Mpweya wa Mpweya ndi Kukulitsa Kutenga Carbon ndi Kusungirako ndi Udzu Wam'nyanja, Tidal Marshes, Mangroves - Malangizo ochokera ku International Working Group pa Coastal Blue Carbon
Ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa 1) kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zofufuza zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi zotsatsira mpweya wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, 2) kupititsa patsogolo njira zowongolera zam'deralo ndi madera malinga ndi chidziwitso chapano cha mpweya wochokera ku zachilengedwe zowonongeka za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi 3) kupititsa patsogolo kuzindikira kwapadziko lonse kwa chilengedwe cha carbon. Kapepala kachidule kameneka kakufuna kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pofuna kuteteza udzu, madambo ndi mitengo ya mangrove. 

Bwezeretsani Ma Estuaries aku America: Coastal Blue Carbon: Mwayi watsopano wa Coastal Conservation
Zolemba izi zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa kaboni wabuluu komanso sayansi yomwe imasunga ndikuchotsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Restore America's Estuaries iwunikanso mfundo, maphunziro, mapanelo ndi anzawo omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo kaboni wabuluu wam'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Zotulutsa atolankhani, Ndemanga, ndi Zidule za Ndondomeko

Blue Climate Coalition. 2010. Blue Carbon Solutions for Climate Change - Open Statement to the Delegates of COP16 by the Blue Climate Coalition.
Mawu awa amapereka maziko a buluu wa carbon, kuphatikizapo mtengo wake wovuta komanso zoopsa zake zazikulu. Bungwe la Blue Climate Coalition limalimbikitsa COP16 kuti ichitepo kanthu pokonzanso ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe za m’mphepete mwa nyanjazi. Imasainidwa ndi anthu makumi asanu ndi asanu ogwira nawo ntchito zam'madzi ndi zachilengedwe ochokera kumayiko khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi omwe akuimira Blue Climate Coalition.

Malipiro a Blue Carbon: Kuthekera Kuteteza Malo Omwe Ali Pang'onopang'ono Akugombe. Brian C. Murray, W. Aaron Jenkins, Samantha Sifleet, Linwood Pendleton, ndi Alexis Baldera. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Yunivesite ya Duke
Nkhaniyi ikuwunikiranso za kukula, malo, ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kusungidwa kwa kaboni m'zachilengedwezo. Poganizira izi, kukhudzidwa kwandalama komanso ndalama zomwe zingapezeke kuchokera kuchitetezo cha buluu wa carbon zikuwunikidwa pa kafukufuku wokhudza kusinthika kwa mangrove kukhala mafamu a shrimp ku Southeast Asia.

Pew Fellows. San Feliu De Guixols Ocean Carbon Declaration
A Pew Fellows makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi anayi mu Marine Conservation and Advisors, pamodzi ochokera m'mayiko khumi ndi awiri adasaina malingaliro kwa opanga ndondomeko kuti (1) Aphatikizepo kasamalidwe ka zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kubwezeretsanso njira zochepetsera kusintha kwa nyengo. (2) Ndalama zowunikira kafukufuku wopititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwathu za kuthandizira kwa zamoyo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja zam'madzi kumayendedwe a kaboni komanso kuchotsa bwino mpweya mumlengalenga.

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Nyanja Yathanzi Chinsinsi Chatsopano Chothana ndi Kusintha kwa Nyengo
Lipotili likulangiza kuti udzu wa m'nyanja ndi madambo amchere ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yosungiramo mpweya ndikugwira. Pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti abwezeretse masinki a kaboni chifukwa akutayika mowirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa zaka 50 zapitazo.

Tsiku la Cancun Oceans: Lofunika Pamoyo, Lofunika Kwambiri pa Nyengo pa Msonkhano Wakhumi ndi Sixx wa Maphwando a Msonkhano wa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Disembala 4, 2010
Mawuwa ndi chidule cha umboni wa sayansi womwe ukukula pa nyengo ndi nyanja; nyanja ndi magombe mpweya kuzungulira; kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zamoyo za m’nyanja; kusintha kwa nyanja; kuthandizira kusintha kwanyengo pamitengo ndi kuchuluka kwa zilumba; ndi njira zophatikizika. Imamaliza ndi ndondomeko ya mfundo zisanu ya UNFCCC COP 16 ndikupita patsogolo.

malipoti

Florida Roundtable pa Ocean Acidification: Meeting Report. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL September 2, 2015
Mu Seputembala 2015, Ocean Conservancy ndi Mote Marine Laboratory adagwirizana kuti achite nawo msonkhano wozungulira wokhudza acidity ya m'nyanja ku Florida kuti apititse patsogolo zokambirana za anthu za OA ku Florida. Zamoyo za udzu wa m'nyanja zimagwira ntchito yayikulu ku Florida ndipo lipotilo limalimbikitsa kutetezedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa udzu wa m'nyanja 1) ntchito za chilengedwe 2) monga gawo la zochitika zomwe zimathandizira chigawochi kuchepetsa zovuta za acidity ya m'nyanja.

Lipoti la CDP 2015 v.1.3; Seputembara 2015. Kuyika mtengo pachiwopsezo: Mitengo ya Carbon mumakampani
Lipotili likuwunikiranso makampani opitilira chikwi padziko lonse lapansi omwe amasindikiza mitengo yawo pakupanga mpweya kapena akukonzekera zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi.

Chan, F., et al. 2016. The West Coast Ocean Acidification ndi Hypoxia Science Panel: Zomwe Zazikuluzikulu, Malangizo, ndi Zochita. California Ocean Science Trust.
Gulu la asayansi la mamembala 20 likuchenjeza kuti kuwonjezereka kwa mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwonjezera acidity ku North America West Coast pamlingo wofulumira. Bungwe la West Coast OA ndi Hypoxia Panel likulimbikitsanso kufufuza njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wa m'nyanja kuchotsa mpweya woipa m'madzi a m'nyanja monga chithandizo chachikulu cha OA ku gombe lakumadzulo. Pezani atolankhani apa.

2008. Makhalidwe Achuma a Matanthwe a Coral, Mangroves, ndi Udzu Wam'nyanja: Kuphatikiza Padziko Lonse. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.

Kabukuka kakuphatikiza zotsatira za kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wokhudzana ndi kuwunika kwachuma pazachilengedwe zamadzi am'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale idasindikizidwa mu 2008, pepalali likuperekabe chitsogozo chothandiza pazachilengedwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka potengera luso lawo lotengera mpweya wa buluu.

Crooks, S., Rybczyk, J., O'Connell, K., Devier, DL, Poppe, K., Emmett-Mattox, S. 2014. Kuunika kwa Mwayi wa Mpweya wa Mpweya wa Mphepete mwa Nyanja wa Snohomish Estuary: Ubwino wa Nyengo wa Kubwezeretsa Mtsinje wa Estuary . Lipoti la Environmental Science Associates, Western Washington University, EarthCorps, ndi Restore America's Estuaries. February 2014. 
Lipotili likugwirizana ndi kuchepa mofulumira kwa madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha zotsatira za anthu. Zochita zalongosoledwa kuti zidziwitse opanga ndondomeko za kukula kwa mpweya wa GHG ndi kuchotsedwa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka madera otsika a m'mphepete mwa nyanja pansi pa kusintha kwa nyengo; ndikuzindikiritsa zofunikira za kafukufuku wa sayansi wamtsogolo kuti apititse patsogolo kuchuluka kwa GHG ndi kasamalidwe ka madambo am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Emmett-Mattox, S., Crooks, S. Coastal Blue Carbon monga Chilimbikitso cha Kusunga M'mphepete mwa nyanja, Kubwezeretsa ndi Kuwongolera: Chiwonetsero cha Kumvetsetsa Zosankha
Chikalatachi chithandiza kutsogolera oyang'anira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo kuti amvetsetse njira zomwe kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa mpweya wa buluu wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kungathandize kukwaniritsa zolinga za kayendetsedwe ka gombe. Ikuphatikizanso kukambirana za zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakutsimikiza izi ndikuwonetsa njira zotsatila zopangira njira zoyambira kaboni wabuluu.

Gordon, D., Murray, B., Pendleton, L., Victor, B. 2011. Zosankha Zothandizira Ndalama za Blue Carbon Mwayi ndi Maphunziro ochokera ku REDD + Experience. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions Report. Duke University.

Lipotili likuwunikira njira zomwe zilipo komanso zomwe zingatheke zolipirira kaboni ngati gwero landalama za blue carbon. Imafufuza mozama za ndalama za REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) monga chitsanzo chothekera kapena gwero lokhazikitsirako ndalama za carbon blue. Lipotili likuthandizira okhudzidwa kuti awone momwe ndalama zimakhalira pazachuma cha kaboni ndikuwongolera zothandizira kuzinthu zomwe zingapereke phindu lalikulu kwambiri la kaboni wabuluu. 

Herr, D., Pidgeon, E., Laffoley, D. (eds.) (2012) Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0: Kuchokera pa zokambirana za International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group. IUCN ndi Conservation International.
Malingaliro ochokera ku msonkhano wa International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group womwe unachitikira mu July 2011. Pepalali ndi lothandiza kwa iwo omwe akufuna kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane komanso kuwonjezereka kwa carbon blue ndi kuthekera kwake ndi ntchito yake mu ndondomeko.

Herr, D., E. Trines, J. Howard, M. Silvius ndi E. Pidgeon (2014). Khalani mwatsopano kapena mchere. Chitsogozo chothandizira ndalama zamapulogalamu ndi mapulojekiti a wetland carbon. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, CI ndi WI. iv +46 pa.
Madambo ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa kaboni ndipo pali njira zingapo zopezera ndalama zanyengo kuti athane ndi nkhaniyi. Pulojekiti ya kaboni ya Wetland itha kulipidwa ndi msika wodzifunira wa kaboni kapena malinga ndi zachuma zamitundumitundu.

Howard, J., Hoyt, S., Isensee, K., Pidgeon, E., Telszewski, M. (eds.) (2014). Coastal Blue Carbon: Njira zowunika kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi zinthu zomwe zimatuluka m'mitengo ya mangrove, madambo amchere amchere, ndi madambo a udzu. Conservation International, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ya UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature. Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Lipotili likuwunikanso njira zowunika kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya m'mitengo ya mangrove, madambo amchere amchere, ndi udzu wa m'nyanja. Imakhudza momwe mungayerekezere kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, kasamalidwe ka data ndi kupanga mapu.

Kollmuss, Anja; Zinki; Helge; Wolemba Polycarp. Marichi 2008. Kumvetsetsa Msika Wodzifunira wa Carbon: Kufananiza Miyezo ya Carbon Offset
Lipotili likuwunikanso msika wa carbon offset, kuphatikiza zochitika ndi misika yodzifunira motsutsana ndi kutsata. Ikupitilira ndikuwunika mwachidule zinthu zazikulu za offset standards.

Laffoley, D.d'A. & Grimsditch, G. (eds). 2009. Kasamalidwe ka nkhokwe zakunyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 53 pp
Bukuli limapereka chiwongolero chokwanira koma chosavuta cha masinki a carbon. Linasindikizidwa monga gwero osati kungofotokoza za mtengo wa chilengedwe ichi mu blue carbon sequestration, komanso kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kasamalidwe koyenera komanso koyenera kusunga mpweya wosungidwa pansi.

Laffoley, D., Baxter, JM, Thevenon, F. ndi Oliver, J. (okonza). 2014. Kufunika ndi Kasamalidwe ka Malo Osungira Mpweya Wachilengedwe ku Open Ocean. Lipoti lathunthu. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 124 pp.Bukuli lidasindikizidwa zaka 5 pambuyo pake ndi gulu lomwelo monga a Kafukufuku wa IUCN, Kasamalidwe ka kaboni wachilengedwe wam'mphepete mwa nyanja, imadutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikuyang'ana mtengo wa carbon carbon munyanja yotseguka.

Lutz SJ, Martin AH. 2014. Mpweya wa Nsomba: Kufufuza Ntchito Za Carbon za Marine Vertebrate. Lofalitsidwa ndi GRID-Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
Lipotili likuwonetsa njira zisanu ndi zitatu zamoyo zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimathandiza kugwira mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndikupereka chitetezo chomwe chingateteze ku acidity ya m'nyanja. Linasindikizidwa poyankha pempho la bungwe la United Nations lofuna njira zatsopano zothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo.

Murray, B., Pendleton L., Jenkins, W. ndi Sifleet, S. 2011. Malipiro Obiriwira a Blue Carbon Economic Incentives for Kuteteza Malo Amene Ali Pamphepete mwa nyanja omwe Ali Pangozi. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions Report.
Lipotili likufuna kulumikiza mtengo wamtengo wa kaboni wabuluu ndi zolimbikitsa zachuma zamphamvu kuti zichepetse kuchepa kwa malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Imapeza kuti chifukwa zachilengedwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimasunga mpweya wambiri ndipo zikuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zitha kukhala chandamale chandamale yopezera ndalama za carbon - zofanana ndi REDD+.

Nellemann, C., Corcoran, E., Duarte, CM, Valdés, L., De Young, C., Fonseca, L., Grimsditch, G. (Eds). 2009. Blue Carbon. Mayankho Ofulumira. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal, www.grida.no
Lipoti latsopano la Rapid Response Assessment lotulutsidwa pa 14 October 2009 ku Diversitas Conference, Cape Town Conference Centre, South Africa. Lipotili lopangidwa ndi akatswiri ku GRID-Arendal ndi UNEP mogwirizana ndi bungwe la UN Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) ndi UNESCO International Oceanographic Commissions ndi mabungwe ena, lipotili likuwonetsa mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chilengedwe cha nyanja ndi nyanja posamalira nyengo komanso kuthandiza. okhazikitsa mfundo kuti akhazikitse ndondomeko yazanyanja pazakusintha kwanyengo m'dziko lonse ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Pezani buku la e-book lothandizira pano.

Pidgeon E. Kulanda Carbon ndi malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja: Masinki osowa ofunikira. Mu: Laffoley DdA, Grimsditch G., akonzi. Kasamalidwe ka Sink Zachilengedwe Zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; 2009 masamba 47-51.
Nkhaniyi ndi mbali ya pamwamba Laffoley, et al. IUCN 2009 kufalitsa. Imalongosola kufunikira kwa masinki a mpweya wa m'nyanja yamchere ndipo imaphatikizapo zithunzi zothandiza kuyerekeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masinki a carbon padziko lapansi ndi m'madzi. Olembawo akuwonetsa kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikutha kwa malo okhala m'madzi kuti athe kutenga mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zolemba Zolemba

Ezcurra, P., Ezcurra, E., Garcillán, P., Costa, M., ndi Aburto-Oropeza, O. 2016. "Mawonekedwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kudzikundikira kwa mitengo ya mangrove kumawonjezera kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni ndi kusungirako" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences wa United States of America.
Kafukufukuyu wapeza kuti mitengo ya mangrove yomwe ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mexico, imatenga malo osakwana 1% ya dziko lapansi, koma imasunga pafupifupi 28% ya dziwe la carbon lokhala pansi pa nthaka yonse. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, mitengo ya mangrove ndi matope awo akuyimira mosagwirizana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusungidwa kwa kaboni.

Fourqurean, J. et al 2012. Zamoyo za m'nyanja za m'nyanja monga carbon stock yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nature Geoscience 5, 505-509.
Kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti udzu wa m'nyanja, womwe pano ndi umodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi njira yothanirana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kudzera mu luso lake losunga mpweya wa buluu.

Greiner JT, McGlathery KJ, Gunnell J, McKee BA (2013) Kubwezeretsa Kwa Udzu Wam'nyanja Kumawonjezera "Blue Carbon" Sequestration ku Coastal Waters. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072469
Uwu ndi umodzi mwamaphunziro oyamba opereka umboni weniweni wa kuthekera kwa kubwezeretsanso udzu wa m'nyanja kuti upititse patsogolo kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Olembawo anabzaladi udzu wa m’nyanja ndipo anaphunzira kakulidwe kake ndi kuchotsedwa kwake kwa nthawi yaitali.

Martin, S., et al. Ecosystem Services Perspective for the Oceanic Eastern Tropical Pacific: Fisheries Zamalonda, Carbon Storage, Recreational Fishing, and Biodiversity
Patsogolo. Mar. Sci., 27 April 2016
Chofalitsidwa chokhudza nsomba za carbon ndi zamoyo zina za m'nyanja zomwe zimayerekezera mtengo wotumizira mpweya kunyanja yakuya kwa nyanja ya kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Pacific kukhala $12.9 biliyoni pachaka, ngakhale kutengera zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe zosungiramo mpweya ndi carbon mu kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'madzi.

McNeil, Kufunika kwa kuzama kwa nyanja ya CO2 pamaakaunti amtundu wa kaboni. Carbon Balance and Management, 2006. I:5, doi:10.1186/1750-0680-I-5
Pansi pa msonkhano wa United Nations wokhudza malamulo a panyanja (1982), dziko lililonse lomwe likuchita nawo limakhala ndi ufulu wokhazikika pazachuma ndi chilengedwe mkati mwa chigawo cha nyanja yamchere chomwe chimafikira 200 nm kuchokera kugombe lake, lotchedwa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Lipotilo likuwunikira kuti EEZ sinatchulidwe mu Kyoto Protocol kuti ithetsere kusungidwa kwa CO2 ndi anthropogenic.

Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, et al. 2012. Estimating Global ''Blue Carbon'' Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems. PLoS ONE 7(9): e43542. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043542
Kafukufukuyu akuyandikira kuwerengera kwa buluu wa buluu kuchokera ku lingaliro la "mtengo wotayika", kuthana ndi zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikupereka chiŵerengero cha padziko lonse cha buluu cha buluu chomwe chimatulutsidwa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo.

Rehdanza, Katrin; Jung, Martina; Tola, Richard SJ; ndi Wetzelf, Patrick. Mtsinje wa Ocean Carbon ndi International Climate Policy. 
Kuzama kwa m'nyanja sikuyankhidwa mu Kyoto Protocol ngakhale kuti sikunafufuzidwe komanso kosatsimikizika monga momwe kunaliri kuzama kwapadziko lapansi panthawi yokambirana. Olembawo amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha msika wapadziko lonse wotulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide kuti awunikire omwe angapindule kapena kutaya chifukwa chololeza kumira kwa carbon dioxide.

Sabine, CL et al. 2004 Kumira kwa nyanja kwa anthropogenic CO2. Sayansi 305: 367-371
Kafukufukuyu akuwunika momwe nyanja yakhalira ndi mpweya woipa wa anthropogenic kuyambira nthawi ya Industrial Revolution, ndipo ikutsimikizira kuti nyanjayi ndi yomwe imamira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Imachotsa 20-35% mpweya wa carbon mumlengalenga.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Mavuto a Sherman's Lagoon - Ndi Global Ocean. Bungwe la Environmental Forum. 32 (2), 38-43.
Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kuopsa kwa OA, kukhudzidwa kwake pazakudya komanso magwero a mapuloteni amunthu, komanso kuti ndi vuto lomwe likupezekapo komanso lowoneka. Wolemba, Mark Spalding, akumaliza ndi mndandanda wa njira zing'onozing'ono zomwe zingatengedwe kuti zithandize kulimbana ndi OA - kuphatikizapo njira yothetsera mpweya wa carbon m'nyanja mwa mawonekedwe a carbon blue.

Camp, E. et al. (2016, Epulo 21). Mabedi a Mangrove ndi Seagrass Amapereka Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana za Biogeochemical kwa Ma Corals Owopsezedwa ndi Kusintha kwa Nyengo. Frontiers in Marine Science. Zabwezedwa kuchokera https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00052/full.
Kafukufukuyu akuwunika ngati udzu wa m'nyanja ndi mitengo ya mangrove zitha kukhala ngati zolosera zakusintha kwanyengo mwa kukhalabe ndi mankhwala abwino ndikuwunika ngati kagayidwe kachakudya ka matanthwe ofunikira omanga matanthwe akukhazikika.

Nkhani za Magazini ndi Manyuzipepala

The Ocean Foundation (2021). "Kupititsa patsogolo Mayankho Otengera Chilengedwe Kuti Alimbikitse Kupirira Kwa Nyengo ku Puerto Rico." Magazini Yapadera ya Eco Magazine Ikukwera Nyanja.
Ntchito ya Ocean Foundation ya Blue Resilience Initiative ku Jobos Bay ikuphatikiza kukonza udzu wa m'nyanja ndi pulani yoyeserera yoyeserera yokonzanso pulojekiti ya Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (JBNERR).

Luchessa, Scott (2010) Ready, Set, Offset, Go!: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kulengedwa Kwa Malo Onyowa, Kubwezeretsanso, ndi Kusunga Popanga Ma Carbon Offsets.
Madambo atha kukhala magwero ndi magwero a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, magaziniyi ikuwunikiranso mbiri yasayansi pazochitika izi komanso zoyeserera zapadziko lonse lapansi, zamayiko ndi zachigawo zothana ndi phindu la madambo.

San Francisco State University (2011, October 13). Kusintha kwa ntchito ya Plankton pakusunga mpweya wakuzama wa m'nyanja yafufuzidwa. ScienceDaily. Idabwezedwa pa Okutobala 14, 2011, kuchokera ku http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111013162934.htm
Kusintha koyendetsedwa ndi nyengo kwa magwero a nayitrogeni ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa m'madzi a m'nyanja kungagwire ntchito limodzi kuti Emiliania huxleyi (plankton) akhale wosagwira ntchito kwambiri posungira mpweya m'madzi ozama kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, m'nyanja yakuya. Kusintha kwa sinki yayikuluyi ya kaboni komanso milingo ya anthropogenic mumlengalenga wa carbon dioxide ikhoza kukhudza kwambiri nyengo yamtsogolo pa nyengo yamtsogolo ya dziko lapansi. 

Wilmers, Christopher C; Estes, James A; Edwards, Mateyu; Laidre, Kristin L;, ndi Konar, Brenda. Kodi ma trophic cascades amakhudza kasungidwe ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa mumlengalenga? Kusanthula kwa otters a m'nyanja ndi nkhalango za kelp. Front Ecol Environ 2012; doi:10.1890/110176
Asayansi adasonkhanitsa zambiri zazaka 40 zapitazi kuti athe kuyerekeza zotsatira zosalunjika za otters za m'nyanja pakupanga mpweya ndi mwayi wosungirako zachilengedwe ku North America. Iwo adatsimikiza kuti ma otters am'nyanja amakhudza kwambiri zigawo zomwe zili mumayendedwe a kaboni zomwe zimatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa mpweya.

Mbalame, Winfred. "Projekiti ya African Wetlands: Kupambana Kwanyengo ndi Anthu?" Yale Environment 360. Np, 3 Nov. 2016.
Ku Senegal ndi m’mayiko ena amene akutukuka kumene, makampani ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana akuika ndalama m’mapulogalamu obwezeretsa nkhalango za mitengo ya mitengo ya mangrove ndi madambo ena amene amalanda mpweya wa carbon. Koma otsutsa akuti izi siziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri zolinga zanyengo padziko lonse lapansi ndikusokoneza moyo wa anthu akumaloko.

ulaliki

Bwezeretsani Ma Estuaries aku America: Coastal Blue Carbon: Mwayi watsopano wosamalira madambo
Ulaliki wa PowerPoint womwe umawunikira kufunikira kwa kaboni wabuluu ndi sayansi kumbuyo kwa kusungirako, kuchotsa ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Restore America's Estuaries iwunikanso mfundo, maphunziro, mapanelo ndi anzawo omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo kaboni wabuluu wam'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Poop, Mizu ndi Deadfall: Nkhani ya Blue Carbon
Ulaliki woperekedwa ndi a Mark Spalding, Purezidenti wa The Ocean Foundation, womwe umafotokoza za buluu wa buluu, mitundu ya zosungirako zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, njira zamanjinga apanjinga komanso momwe mfundo zilili pankhaniyi. Dinani ulalo pamwamba pa mtundu wa PDF kapena penyani pansipa.

Zochita Zomwe Mungathe Kuchita

ntchito yathu SeaGrass Kula Carbon Calculator kuti muwerengere kuchuluka kwa mpweya wanu ndikupereka kuti muchepetse mphamvu zanu ndi kaboni wabuluu! Chowerengeracho chinapangidwa ndi The Ocean Foundation kuti ithandize munthu kapena bungwe kuwerengera mpweya wake wapachaka wa CO2 kuti nawonso adziwe kuchuluka kwa kaboni wabuluu wofunikira kuti athetse (maekala a udzu wa m'nyanja kuti abwezeretsedwe kapena ofanana). Ndalama zochokera ku blue carbon credit mechanism zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ndalama zobwezeretsa, zomwe zimabweretsa ngongole zambiri. Mapulogalamu otere amalola kupambana kuwiri: kupanga mtengo wokwanira ku machitidwe apadziko lonse a CO2-emitting ntchito ndipo, chachiwiri, kubwezeretsanso udzu wa m'nyanja womwe umapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo akufunika kuchira.

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