Ocean Acidization

Chii chinonzi Ocean Acidification?

Mupasi rose, kemisitiri yemvura yegungwa iri kuchinja nekukurumidza kupfuura chero nguva munhoroondo yePasi.

Paavhareji, mvura yegungwa ine acidic ne30% kupfuura zvayaive makore 250 apfuura. Uye nepo shanduko iyi mumakemikari - inozivikanwa se gungwa acidification - inogona kunge isingaoneki, mhedzisiro yayo haisi.

Sezvo carbon dioxide yakawedzerwa inobuda mugungwa, magadzirirwo ayo emakemikari anochinjwa, achiita kuti mvura yomugungwa iwedzere kuva acid. Izvi zvinogona kushungurudza zvipenyu zviri mugungwa uye kuderedza kuwanikwa kwezvimwe zvivharo zvekuvaka - zvichiita kuti zviomere zvisikwa zvinogadzira calcium carbonate zvakaita seoyster, lobster, uye makorari kuvaka makanda akasimba kana skeleton avanoda kuti vararame. Zvinoita kuti dzimwe hove dzivhiringike, uye sezvo mhuka dzinobhadhara kuchengetedza kemisitiri yemukati mukutarisana nekuchinja kwekunze uku, hadzina simba radzinoda kuti dzikure, kuberekana, kuwana chikafu, kudzivirira zvirwere, uye kuita zvakajairika maitiro.

Ocean acidification inogona kugadzira domino mhedzisiro: Inogona kukanganisa ecosystem yese ine kudyidzana kwakaoma pakati pealgae ne plankton - zvivharo zvekuvakisa zvechikafu web - uye tsika, hupfumi, uye mhuka dzakakosha sehove, makorari, uye urchins yemugungwa. Nepo kukanganisa kwekuchinja uku kwekemikari yegungwa kuchigona kusiyana pakati pezvipenyu uye huwandu hwevanhu, kukanganiswa hukama kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwese ecosystem basa uye kugadzira mamiriro emangwana akaoma kufanotaura nekudzidza. Uye zviri kutowedzera.

Mhinduro dzinofambisa Tsono

Tinofanira kuderedza huwandu hweanthropogenic carbon emissions inopinda mumhepo kubva kune fossil fuels. Tinofanira kusimbisa hukama pakati pegungwa acidification uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekutarisa kwenyika dzakawanda uye mitemo yekutonga kwemutemo, kuitira kuti nyaya idzi dzionekwe senyaya dzine hukama uye kwete matambudziko akasiyana. Uye, isu tinofanirwa kuchengetedza mari nekuchengetedza sainzi yekutarisa network uye kugadzira dhatabhesi kune zvese zviri pedyo uye kwenguva refu.

Ocean acidification inoda masangano eruzhinji, akavanzika, uye asina purofiti mukati nekunze kwenharaunda yegungwa kuti vauye pamwechete - uye kufambisira mberi mhinduro dzinofambisa tsono.

Kubva 2003, tanga tichikurudzira hunyanzvi nekuvandudza kudyidzana, kutsigira masayendisiti, vanogadzira mitemo, uye nharaunda pasi rese. Iri basa rakadzorwa nedanho rine mativi matatu:

1. Tarisa uye Ongorora: Kuvaka Sayenzi
2. Batanidzwa: Kusimbisa uye Kukura Network yedu
3. Act: Kugadzira Policy

Tarisa uye Ongorora: Kuvaka Sayenzi

Kuona kuti sei, kupi, uye nekukurumidza sei shanduko iri kuitika, uye kudzidza mhedzisiro yekemikari yegungwa pane zvakasikwa uye nharaunda dzevanhu.

Kuti tipindure kukuchinja kwekemikari yegungwa, tinoda kuziva zviri kuitika. Uku kuongorora kwesainzi uye kutsvagisa kunofanirwa kuitika pasi rose, munharaunda dzese dzemahombekombe.

Kushongedza Masayendisiti

GOA-ON muBhokisi
Ocean acidification sainzi inofanirwa kuve inoshanda, inokwanisika uye inowanikwa. Kutsigira iyo Global Ocean Acidification - Kuona Network, isu takashandura yakaoma lab nemidziyo yemumunda kuita a customizable, yakaderera-mutengo kit - GOA-ON muBhokisi - kuunganidza zviyero zvepamusoro zveasidhi yegungwa. Kiti, iyo yatakatumira pasi rose kunharaunda dziri kure dzemahombekombe, yakagoverwa kumasayendisiti munyika 17 muAfrica, Pacific Islands, uye Latin America.

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pCO₂ Togo
Takabatana naProfessor Burke Hales kugadzira yakaderera uye inotakurika chemistry sensor inonzi "pCO₂ Togo". Iyi sensor inoyera kuti yakawanda sei CO₂  inonyungudutswa mumvura yegungwa (pCO₂) kuitira kuti vashandi vari munzvimbo dzinoberekesa magoko vagodzidza zvirikusangana nehove dzavo munguva chaiyo uye vatore matanho kana zvichidiwa. PaAlutiiq Pride Marine Institute, nzvimbo yekutsvagisa yemugungwa muSeward, Alaska, iyo pCO₂ to Go yakaiswa mukati mezvinhanho zvayo mune zvese zvekuhatchery nemumunda - kugadzirira kuwedzera kuendeswa kune vari munjodzi varimi vehove mumatunhu matsva.

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Pier2Peer Mentorship Chirongwa
Isu tinodyidzana neGOA-ON kutsigira chirongwa chekudzidzisa zvesainzi, chinozivikanwa sePier2Peer, nekupa zvipo kune varairidzi nevaviri vaviri - kutsigira zvinobatika muhunyanzvi hwekuita, kushandira pamwe, uye ruzivo. Parizvino, vanopfuura vaviri vaviri vakapihwa mabhezari anotsigira kutenga midziyo, rwendo rwekuchinjana ruzivo, uye sampuli yekugadzirisa mari.

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Kuderedza Kusagadzikana

Nekuti acidification yegungwa yakaoma, uye mhedzisiro yaro iri kusvika kure, zvinogona kunetsa kunyatsonzwisisa kuti zvichabata sei nharaunda dzemahombekombe. Kutarisisa kumahombekombe uye zviedzo zvebhayoloji zvinotibatsira kupindura mibvunzo yakakosha pamusoro pekuti zvipenyu nemhoteredzo zvingaita sei. Asi, kuti unzwisise mhedzisiro munharaunda dzevanhu, sainzi yemagariro inodiwa.

Nerutsigiro runobva kuNOAA, TOF iri kugadzira hurongwa hwekuongorora njodzi yekusagadzikana kwemakungwa muPuerto Rico, nevadyidzani vepaYunivhesiti yeHawaii nePuerto Rico Sea Grant. Ongororo iyi inosanganisira kunzwisisa sainzi yechisikigo - chii chekutarisa uye chekuyedza data chinogona kutiudza nezveramangwana rePuerto Rico - asiwo nesaenzi yemagariro. Nharaunda dziri kutoona shanduko here? Vanonzwa sei kuti mabasa avo nenharaunda zviri kuitika uye zvichakanganiswa? Mukuita ongororo iyi, takagadzira modhi inogona kudzokororwa mune imwe nzvimbo isina data, uye takahaya vadzidzi veko kuti vatibatsire kuita tsvakiridzo yedu. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga NOAA Ocean Acidification Chirongwa-inotsigirwa nemari yedunhu vulnerability ongororo yekutarisa kune imwe nzvimbo yeUS uye ichamira pachena semuenzaniso wezviedza zveramangwana uku ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvedunhu risingamiririrwe.

Bata: Kusimbisa uye Kukura Network yedu

Kuvaka kudyidzana uye mubatanidzwa nevatambi.

Kunze kwekungodzikisa mutengo wekutarisa, isu tinoshandawo kuwedzera kugona kwevaongorori kutungamira zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakagadzirirwa munharaunda, kuzvibatanidza kune vamwe varapi, uye kufambisa shanduko yezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi negiya. Kubva muna Kubvumbi 2023, takadzidzisa vaongorori vanopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu vanobva kunyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri neshanu. Sezvo ivo vanounganidza sutu yedata pamamiriro enzvimbo yemahombekombe, isu tinobva tavabatanidza kune zviwanikwa zvekubatsira kuti ruzivo urwu rupinzwe mumadhatabhesi akakura senge Chinangwa cheSustainable Development 14.3.1 portal, iyo inounganidza data yegungwa acidification kubva kutenderera pasirese.

Kuvaka Kugona muOcean Acidification Monitoring muGulf yeGuinea (BIOTTA)

Ocean acidification inyaya yepasi rose ine mapatani enzvimbo nemhedzisiro. Kudyidzana kwedunhu kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti gungwa acidization iri kukanganisa sei ecosystem uye zvipenyu uye kukwidza chirongwa chakabudirira chekudzikisa uye kugadzirisa. TOF iri kutsigira kudyidzana kwedunhu muGulf yeGuinea kuburikidza neBuilding CapacIty muOcean AcdificaTion MoniToring muGulf of Guinea (BIOTTA) chirongwa, chinotungamirwa naDr. Edem Mahu uye chiri kushanda muBenin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, uye Nigeria. Mukubatana nenzvimbo dzakatariswa kubva kune imwe neimwe yenyika dzinomiririrwa uye murongi wevadzidzi paYunivhesiti yeGhana, TOF yakapa mugwagwa wekutora chikamu chevatori vechikamu, kuongorora zviwanikwa, uye kutarisa kwedunhu uye kugadzira data. TOF iri kushanda zvakare kutumira michina yekutarisa kune vanobatana neBIOTTA uye kuronga mumunhu uye kure kudzidziswa.

Kuisa pakati pePacific Islands sehubhu yeOA Research

TOF yakapa GOA-ON muBox kits kunyika dzakasiyana dziri muPacific Islands. Uye, takabatana neNational Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration, takasarudza nekutsigira nzvimbo itsva yenharaunda yegungwa acidification yekudzidzisa, iyo Pacific Islands Ocean Acidification Center (PIOAC) muSuva, Fiji. Uku kwaive kuedza kwakabatana kwakatungamirwa neThe Pacific Community (SPC), University of the South Pacific (USP), University of Otago, uye New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Nzvimbo iyi inzvimbo yekuunganidzira vanhu vese mudunhu kuti vagamuchire kudzidziswa kwesainzi yeOA, kushandisa michina yekuongorora makemikari emugungwa, kutora masara emidziyo yekiti, uye kugashira gwara pamusoro pekutonga kwemhando yedata / vimbiso nekugadzirisa midziyo. Pamusoro pekubatsira kuunganidza hunyanzvi hwemudunhu hunopihwa nevashandi vecarbonate chemistry, sensors, data management, uye matunhu network, tiri kushandawo kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti PIOAC inoshanda senzvimbo yepakati yekufamba kunodzidziswa neaviri akazvipira GOA-ON mu. a Bhokisi kits uye kunhonga masipini kuderedza nguva uye mari mukugadzirisa chero mudziyo.

Chiito: Kugadzira Policy

Kudzika mutemo unotsigira sainzi, unoderedza acidization yegungwa, uye unobatsira nharaunda kugadzirisa.

Kudzikamisa chaiko uye kuchinjika kugungwa rinoshanduka kunoda mutemo. Kuongorora kwakasimba uye zvirongwa zvekutsvagisa zvinoda mari yenyika kuti irambe iripo. Matanho chaiwo ekuderedza uye kugadzirisa anofanirwa kurongeka pazvikero zvemuno, zvedunhu, uye nenyika. Kunyangwe gungwa risingazive miganhu, masisitimu emutemo anosiyana zvakanyanya, uye saka mhinduro dzetsika dzinoda kugadzirwa.

Padanho redunhu, tiri kudyidzana nehurumende dzeCaribbean dziri Mapato kuCartagena Convention uye takatsigira kuvandudzwa kwekutarisa uye zvirongwa zvekuita muWestern Indian Ocean.

Padanho renyika, tichishandisa bhuku redu remitemo, takadzidzisa vamiriri vemitemo muMexico nezvekukosha kweiyo acidization yegungwa uye tinoramba tichipa mazano enhaurirano dzemitemo dzirikuenderera mberi munyika ine mhuka dzesango dzemugungwa nedzemugungwa. Takabatana neHurumende yePeru kubatsira kusimudzira danho renyika kuti tinzwisise uye tipindure kune acidization yegungwa.

Kumbira Bhuku Rinotungamirira

Padanho repasi rose, tiri kushanda nevemitemo mukuvandudza uye kupasiswa kwemitemo mitsva yekutsigira kuronga kwegungwa acidization uye kugadzirisa.

Isu tinobatsira kuvaka sainzi, mutemo, uye tekinoroji kugona kwevarapi vanotungamira zvirongwa zveocean acidification pasi rese uye munyika dzekumba kwavo.

Isu tinogadzira maturusi anoshanda uye zviwanikwa zvakagadzirirwa kushanda pasi rese - kusanganisira North America, Pacific Islands, Africa, Latin America, uye Caribbean. Tinoita izvi kuburikidza ne:

Kubatanidza nharaunda dzenzvimbo uye nyanzvi dzeR&D kugadzira zvinodhura, zvakavhurika-sosi tekinoroji zvigadzirwa uye kufambisa shanduko yezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi negiya.

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Kubata dzidziso kutenderera pasirese uye nekupa rutsigiro rwenguva refu kuburikidza nemidziyo, stipends, uye inoenderera mberi kuraira.

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Kutungamira kurudziro yemitemo yezve acidization yemakungwa padanho renyika nepasi-nyika uye kubatsira hurumende kutsvaga zvisungo padanho repasi rose neredunhu.

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Kuratidza kudzoka pakudyara kwehunyanzvi, hwakareruka, hunokwanisika kutenga shellfish hatchery resilience tekinoroji kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro egungwa.

Zvisinei nekutyisidzirwa kukuru kwainoita kupasi redu, kuchine mikaha yakakura mukunzwisisa kwedu kwesainzi nemhedzisiro yegungwa acidification. Nzira chete yekuimisa ndeye kumisa zvese CO₂ zvinobuda. Asi, kana tikanzwisisa zviri kuitika mudunhu, tinogona kugadzira manejimendi, kudzikisira, uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvinodzivirira nharaunda dzakakosha, zvisikwa, uye marudzi.

Ocean Acidification Zuva rekuita

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ZVIMWE ZVINOTUNGAMIRIRA

Ocean Science Equity Initiative | Capacity Building | Ocean Science Diplomacy
Kushongedza Vesainzi uye Nharaunda | Feature Collaboratives: West Africa Region

RELATED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)