Ho Batla Boemo ba Sehalalelo bakeng sa Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian Archipelago

Ka Mark J. Spalding with Catharine Cooper

Mofuta oa blog ena e phatlalalitsoe qalong sebakeng se senyenyane sa National Geographic's Ocean Views

Lik'hilomithara tse 4,405 ho tloha moo ho ts'oaranang matsoho Washington DC ho na le letoto la lihlekehleke tse matsaranka tse batlang ho kenyelletsoa ha Marine Sanctuary. Ho tloha pheletsong ea hloahloa ea Alaska, Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian ke lehae la e 'ngoe ea lintho tse phelang leoatleng tse ruileng ka ho fetisisa le tse behang bophelo bo botle ka ho fetisisa, 'me ke e' ngoe ea baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa ba liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, linonyana tsa leoatle, litlhapi le likhofu lefatšeng. Lihlekehleke tse 69 (tse 14 tse khōlō tse foqohang seretse se chesang le tse 55 tse nyenyane) li etsa mokoloko oa lik’hilomithara tse 1,100 XNUMX ho leba Hloahloeng ea Kamchatka Russia, ’me li arola Leoatle la Bering ho Leoatle la Pacific.

Mona ke lehae la mefuta e 'maloa e kotsing ea ho fela, ho kenyelletsa le li-Steller sea lions, sea otters, short-tailed albatross, le maruarua a humpback. Mona ke lipalangoang tse fanang ka litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa maeto bakeng sa boholo ba maruarua a grey a lefats'e le liqibi tsa ka leboea, tse sebelisang litsela ho fihlella libaka tsa ho fepa le tsa ho ikatisa. Mona ke lehae la tse ling tsa mefuta-futa le tse teteaneng ka ho fetisisa tsa likorale tsa metsing a batang tse tsejoang lefatšeng. Mona ke tikoloho e tšehelitseng litlhoko tsa ho iphelisa tsa matsoalloa a lebopong la Alaska ka lilemo tse likete.

Ka holimo, ho lla ha ntsu ea lefatla. Ka metsing, ho phatloha ho hoholo ha leruarua la humpback. Ha u le hole, ho na le mesi e fofang ka holim'a libaka tse foqohang seretse se chesang. Lebōpong ho na le mafika a matala a matala le likhohlo mosikong oa matsoapo a koahetsoeng ke lehloa.

Ha u habanya mahlo feela, lefeella lena le shebahala le hloekile, le tiile, le sa angoa ke tšenyo e amang mabōpo a leoatle a nang le baahi ba bangata. Empa ba lulang, ba sebetsang, kapa ba etsang lipatlisiso sebakeng seo ba bone liphetoho tse makatsang lilemong tse 25 tse fetileng.

E 'ngoe ea liphetoho tse bonahalang tikolohong ea leoatle ke tahlehelo kapa haufi le ho timela ha mefuta e mengata, ho kenyeletsoa litau tsa leoatle tsa Steller le otters ea leoatleng. Liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang tse bosootho bo bobebe ho isa bokhubetsoaneng ba leoatleng li ne li bonahala ka nako e 'ngoe hoo e batlang e le setsing se seng le se seng se mafika. Empa palo ea bona e theohile ka 75% lipakeng tsa 1976 le 1990, 'me e fokotsehile ka 40% e' ngoe pakeng tsa 1991 le 2000. Palo ea otter ea leoatleng e neng e le haufi le 100,000 ka 1980 e theohile ho ea ho 6,000.

Tse ling hape tse sieo setšoantšong se hloekileng sa ketane ea Aleutian ke crab ea morena le shrimp, likolo tsa monko o monate oa silevera, le meru e tlokomang ea kelp ea undersea. Lishaka, pollock le urchins joale li laola metsi ana. E bitsoa "phetoho ea puso" ke George Estes oa US Geological Survey, ho leka-lekana ha liphofu le libatana ho nyolohile.

Le hoja sebaka sena se le hōle ebile se na le baahi ba bangata, ho tsamaea ka likepe ho pholletsa le Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian ho ntse ho eketseha, 'me mehloli ea tlhaho ea sebaka seo e ntse e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa khoebo. Ho qhalla ha oli ho etsahala ka mokhoa o tšosang, hangata ha ho tlalehoe, 'me hangata ho baka tšenyo e ke keng ea lokisoa. Sebaka se ntse se le thata ho fihlella, 'me ho na le likheo tse kholo tsa data bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse amanang le maoatle. Tlhokahalo ea ho utloisisa hantle tikoloho ea maoatle e bohlokoa ho laola le ho sebetsana le likotsi tsa nako e tlang.

Ke ile ka qala ho ameha le sechaba sa tikoloho sa Alaska ka 2000. Joaloka hlooho ea Lenaneo la Leoatle la Alaska, ke ile ka thusa ho rala matšolo a mangata a ho rarolla mathata a amang sebaka seo - joalo ka tlhokahalo ea ho theha meeli e betere ea ho tšoasa litlhapi Leoatleng la Bering. Mokhatlo oa Alaska Conservation Foundation. Re thusitse ho buella maano a bobuelli a thehiloeng ho ecosystem ho ntlafatsa taolo ea botšoasi ba litlhapi, ra atolosa mananeo a ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle, ra khothaletsa ho theoa ha Shipping Safety Partnership, le ho khothaletsa boiteko ba machaba le ba naha bakeng sa khetho e tsitsitseng ea lijo tsa leoatleng. Re thehile Alaska Oceans Network, e fanang ka lipuisano tse arolelanoang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa paballo ea lintho tse kang Oceana, Ocean Conservancy, Earthjustice, World Wildlife Fund, Alaska Marine Conservation Council, le Trustees for Alaska. 'Me nakong ena eohle, re ne re batla litsela tseo ka tsona takatso ea baahi ba Aleuti ea bokamoso bo tsitsitseng ba leoatle e ka ananeloang le ho ketekoa.

Kajeno, joaloka moahi ea amehileng le CEO oa The Ocean Foundation (TOF), ke kopanela ho batla ho khethoa ha Aleutian Islands National Marine Sanctuary (AINMS). E behiloe ke Basebetsi ba Sechaba bakeng sa Boikarabello ba Tikoloho, mme e saennoe ke Setsi sa Likokoana-hloko, Eyak Preservation Council, The Center for Water Advocacy, North Gulf Oceanic Society, TOF, le Marine Endeavors, boemo ba sehalalelo bo tla fana ka maemo a eketsehileng a tšireletso ho litšokelo tse ngata tse tobaneng le metsi a Aleutian. Metsi ohle a haufi le lihlekehleke tsohle tsa Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian - ho tloha lik'hilomithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 200 ka leboea le ka boroa ho lihlekehleke - ho ea fihla naheng ea Alaska le metsing a kopaneng ho tloha Lihlekehlekeng tsa Pribilof le Bristol Bay, a reriloe hore a kenyelletsoe. Sebaka sa sehalalelo se ne se tla akaretsa sebaka se lebopong sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse ka bang 554,000 (nm2), se neng se tla etsa sebaka se seholo sa naha se sirelelitsoeng sa maoatleng, hape e le se seng sa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.

Hore ma-Aleutians a lokeloa ke ts'ireletso e qalile ka 1913, ha Mopresidente Taft, ka Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso, a theha "Sebaka sa Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian e le Polokelo ea Linonyana, Liphoofolo le Litlhapi." Ka 1976, UNESCO e ile ea khetha The Aleutian Islands Biosphere Reserve, le 1980 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) e thehile Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge le Aleutian Islands Wilderness ea 1.3 milione.

Leha ho na le mabitso ana, ma-Aleutians a hloka tšireletso e eketsehileng. Litšokelo tse ka sehloohong ho AINMS e reriloeng ke ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano, nts'etsopele ea oli le khase, mefuta e hlaselang, le ho eketseha ha likepe. Liphello tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ho fetoha ha tlelaemete li mpefatsa le ho feta litšokelo tsena tse ’nè. Metsi a Lihlekehleke tsa Bering Sea/Aleutian a na le asiti ho feta metsi leha e le afe a leoatle lefatšeng, ka lebaka la ho monngoa ha CO2, 'me leqhoa la leoatle le khutlela morao le fetotse sebopeho sa sebaka sa bolulo.

Molao oa Naha oa Libaka tsa Maoatle (NMSA) o entsoe ka 1972 ho sireletsa libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa maoatle le libaka tse khethehileng tsa maoatle. Libaka tse halalelang li laoloa ka merero e mengata, hafeela li sebelisoa li nkoa li lumellana le tšireletso ea mehloli ke Mongoli oa Khoebo, ea etsang qeto ka ts'ebetso ea sechaba hore na ke mesebetsi efe e tla lumelloa le hore na ke melao efe e tla sebelisoa ho sebelisoa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng.

NMSA e ile ea lumelloa hape ka 1984 ho kenyelletsa makhabane a "histori" le "setso" litabeng tsa tikoloho. Sena se ile sa holisa morero oa mantlha oa ho baballa lisebelisoa tsa leoatle ho feta tikoloho, boithabiso, thuto, lipatlisiso kapa boleng ba botle.

Ka litšokelo tse ntseng li eketseha ho metsi a Aleutian, lipakane tse reriloeng tsa Aleutian Islands Marine National Marine Sanctuary ke:

1. Sireletsa linonyana tsa leoatle, liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing le libaka tsa tlhapi, 'me u tsosolose palo ea batho le ho ba le botsitso ba tikoloho ea leoatle;
2. Sireletsa le ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho iphelisa oa Leoatleng la Alaska;
3. Sireletsa le ho ntlafatsa botšoasi ba litlhapi ba likepe tse lebopong la leoatle;
4. Tseba, hlokomela, le ho sireletsa libaka tse ikhethang tse ka tlas'a leoatle, ho kenyeletsoa likorale tsa metsing a batang;
5. Fokotsa likotsi tsa tikoloho tse tsoang likepeng, ho kenyelletsa le oli le phallo e kotsi ea thepa, le ho otla ha likepe tsa maruarua;
6. Felisa likotsi tsa tikoloho ho tsoa ho nts'etsopele ea oli le khase kantle ho naha;
7. Ho beha leihlo le ho laola likotsi tsa matseno a mefuta e hlaselang ea metsing;
8. Fokotsa le ho laola maloanlahla a leoatle;
9. Ntlafatsa ntshetsopele ya bohahlaudi ba tikoloho ya mawatleng; le
10. Ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea mahlale ea sebaka seo.

Ho theoa ha sehalalelo ho tla eketsa menyetla ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale a leoatle, thuto le kananelo ea tikoloho ea maoatleng, le ho thusa ho hlahisa kutloisiso e hlakileng haholoanyane ea litlamorao tse mpe le litšokelo tsa tšebeliso ea hajoale le ea nako e tlang. Tsepamiso e khethehileng metsing a Subarctic le Arctic, ho tiea ha tikoloho ea leoatle, le ho hlaphoheloa kotulong e feteletseng ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le litlamorao tsa eona li tla hlahisa leseli le lecha ho thusa ho nts'etsopele ea maano a ho ntlafatsa moruo le ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea sehalalelo. Lithuto li tla atolosoa ho batlisisa matla a ka hare ho sebaka sena, joalo ka karolo ea likorale tsa metsing a batang, ts'ebetso ea mefuta ea khoebo sebakeng sa marang-rang sa lijo tsa leoatleng, le tšebelisano ea linonyana tsa leoatle le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng.

Hona joale ho na le libaka tse leshome le metso e mene tsa US Marine Sanctuaries, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le litataiso le tšireletso e khethehileng, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ikhetha ho libaka tsa eona le mathata a tikoloho. Hammoho le tshireletso, dibaka tsa naha tsa mawatle di fana ka boleng ba moruo ho feta metsi, ho tshehetsa mesebetsi e ka bang 50,000 mesebetsing e fapaneng ho tloha ho ho tshwasa ditlhapi le ho qoela ho ya dipatlisisong le ho amohela baeti. Ho pholletsa le libaka tsohle tsa polokelo, chelete e ka bang $4 bilione e hlahisoa moruong oa lehae le o lebopong la leoatle.

Hoo e ka bang bohle ba Aleuti ba sirelelitsoe e le karolo ea Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge le Aleutian Islands Wilderness, kahoo boemo ba National Marine Sanctuary bo tla tlisa ncha. tlhokomelo sebakeng sena, 'me ba tlise palo eohle ea libaka tse halalelang ho fihla libakeng tse leshome le metso e mehlano - tse leshome le metso e mehlano tsa botle bo makatsang, tse nang le bohlokoa ba nalane, setso le moruo. Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian li lokeloa ke ho bitsoa, ​​ka bobeli bakeng sa tšireletso ea tsona le boleng boo li tla bo tlisetsa lelapa la sehalalelo.

Ho arolelana maikutlo a Dr. Linwood Pendleton, (ka nako eo) oa NOAA:

"Ke lumela hore libaka tsa naha tsa maoatle ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisebelisoa tsa maoatle, 'me ka tšepo ea rona ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore moruo oa maoatle oo re o tšepileng o oa tšoarella ebile o beha litholoana bakeng sa meloko e tlang."

Setšoantšo sa Whale ka thuso ea NOAA