Leholiotsoana Harvey: Likhohola tse ka Holimo, Metsi a Tlase

"U tsoa kae?"

"Houston, Texas."

"Jonna ooee. Ke masoabi haholo. Lelapa la hao le ntse le phela joang?”

“Ho lokile. Tsohle li tsamaea hantle.

Joaloka letsoalloa la Houstonia ea bitsitseng Houston bophelo bohle ba ka (bo bokhutšoane), ke phetse ho Allison, Rita, Katrina, Ike, 'me joale ke Harvey. Ho tloha lehaeng la rona le ka bophirimela ho Houston, ha re tsebe likhohola. Ka kakaretso, tikoloho ea rona e na le likhohola hang ka selemo ka nako e ka etsang letsatsi, hangata li etsahala nakong ea selemo.

Moahelani o tsamaea ka seketsoana nakong ea letsatsi la Lekhetho ka ntle ho ntlo ea rona ka la 18 Mmesa, 2016.

Leha ho le joalo, ha ho motho ea boneng esale pele Leholiotsoana Harvey le otla ka matla joalo ka ha le entse. Tšenyo e ngata eo Harvey a e siileng Texas e ne e fokola ka leholiotsoana la sebele, le ho feta ka lipula tsa litloebelele tse tlileng le lona. Leholiotsoana lena le tsamaeang butle le ile la nka matsatsi a 'maloa holim'a Houston, la rotha metsi a mangata ka nako e telele. Lipula tse ileng tsa latela li ile tsa koahela toropo ea bone e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Amerika le linaha tsa boahisani ka kakaretso ea lilithara tse libilione tse 33 tsa metsi.¹ Qetellong, boholo ba metsi ana a ile a khutlela moo a neng a tsoa teng, e leng leoatle.² Leha ho le joalo, ba ne ba nkile lintho tse ngata tse silafatsang, ho kopanyelletsa le lik’hemik’hale tse tsoang libakeng tsa ho hloekisoa tse tletseng metsi, libaktheria tse chefo le maloanlahla a siiloeng literateng.³

Ho ea ka National Weather Service, lehlakore la ka la toropo le ile la fumana lipula tse pakeng tsa lisenthimithara tse 30 ho isa ho tse 40. ¹⁰

Libaka tse mongobo tse lebopong la Kou e 'nile ea e-ba mokhoa oa rona oa pele oa tšireletso khahlanong le lifefo tse re sitisang, empa re li beha, le rona, kotsing ha re hlōleha ho li sireletsa.⁴ Ka mohlala, re ka ’na ra hlōleha ho sireletsa libaka tse metsi tsena tse lebōpong la leoatle, ’me ho e-na le hoo re li tlohele hore li heletsoe ka boiteko ba ho etsa hore ho be le libaka tse ka ’nang tsa bonahala li na le phaello e ngata ho feta ho siea mekhoabo moo ho itšireletsa sefefong se itseng se tlang. Ka ho tšoanang, mekhoabo e phelang hantle e lebōpong la leoatle le eona e sefa metsi a phallang ho tsoa naheng, ho fokotsa kotsi ea leoatle.

Metsi a ka holimo a phallang Koung ea Mexico. ¹¹

Sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea lebopo e ka lematsoa ke lintho tse ling tse senyang tikoloho, joalo ka lipula tsa metsi a hloekileng tse tsoang Leholiotsoaneng la Harvey. Metsi a pula a phalla ho theosa ho tloha lithoteng tsa likhohola tsa Houston ho ea Koung ea Mexico, joalo ka karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea metsi a hloekileng a United States.⁵ Le hona joale, metsi a hloekileng a theotsoeng ke Harvey a ntse a e-so kopane ka botlalo le metsi a letsoai a Gulf.⁶ Ka lehlohonolo, ho sa tsotellehe boleng bo tlaase ba letsoai bo tlalehiloeng Koung ea Koung ka lebaka la "sehlopha sena sa metsi a hloekileng," ha ho e-s'o be le tlaleho ea ho shoa ka bongata haufi le mafika a likorale, haholo-holo ka lebaka la tsela eo metsi ana a ileng a phalla ho tloha tikolohong ena. Ho bile le litokomane tse nyane tsa hore na chefo e ncha e ka fumanoa joang libakeng tse haufi le lebōpo le mekhoabo, e siiloeng morao ha metsi a likhohola a ntse a theohela Koung.

Sediments ho tloha Leholiotsoana Harvey.¹²

Ka kakaretso, Houston e bile le likhohola tse joalo hobane motse oo o ne o hahiloe sebakeng se bataletseng sa likhohola. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ata ha metse ea litoropo le ho haella ha melao ea libaka ho eketsa kotsi ea likhohola ha litsela tse katiloeng tsa konkreite li nka sebaka sa makhulo ho sa natsoe litlamorao tsa ho ata ho sa laoleheng ha litoropo.⁷ Ka mohlala, sebaka sa rōna se neng se le lik'hilomithara tse seng kae feela ho tloha Addicks le Barker Reservoirs, se ile sa thulana le likhohola tse ileng tsa nka nako e telele hobane metsi a ne a ntse a tsitsitse. E le ho etsa bonnete ba hore teropo ea Houston ha e na metsi, ba boholong ba ile ba khetha ka boomo ho lokolla liheke tse laolang matamo, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho moroallo oa matlo ao pele a neng a sa lebelloa hore a ka tlala Houston Bophirimela.⁸ Lisebelisoa tsa Hardscape tse kang asphalt le konkreite li atisa ho tšolla metsi ho e-na le ho a monya, kahoo metsi a bokana literateng 'me hamorao a kena Koung ea Mexico.

(Letsatsi la 4) Lori ea moahelani, e ’ngoe ea tse ka bang milione tse neng li koahetsoe ke metsi motseng. ¹³

Ho sa le joalo, re ile ra qeta nako e fetang beke re koaletsoe ka tlung. Balebeli ba Lebopong le baithaopi ba likepe ba ne ba atisa ho feta 'me ba botsa hore na re hloka pholoso kapa liphallelo nakong ea ha re le ka hare. Baahelani ba bang ba ile ba tsoa ba ea mohloeng oa bona o ka pele ’me ba fanyeha masela a masoeu lifateng tsa bona e le pontšo ea hore ba batla ho pholosoa. Ha metsi a kokobela ka letsatsi la leshome la ketsahalo ena ea moroallo oa lilemo tse 1,000⁹ ’me qetellong re ile ra khona ho tsoela ka ntle ntle le ho tsamaea ka har’a metsi, tšenyo e ne e hlolla. Monko o mobe oa likhoerekhoere o ne o tletse hohle 'me maloanlahla a ne a tletse ka tselaneng e katiloeng. Litlhapi tse shoeleng li ne li rapaletse literateng tsa konkreite ’me likoloi tse lahliloeng li ne li kolokile litseleng.

(Letsatsi la 5) Re ne re sebelisa thupa ho tšoaea hore na metsi a ntse a phahama hakae.

Letsatsi ka mor'a hore re lokolohe ho solla ka ntle, 'na le ba lelapa la ka re ne re lokiselitsoe ho fofa ho ea Minnesota bakeng sa Beke e Ncha ea Liithuti Carleton College. Ha re ntse re fofela holimo ka maoto a likete-kete leholimong, ke ne ke sitoa ho ithiba ho nahana kamoo re bileng ba bang ba ba lehlohonolo kateng. Ntlo ea rōna e ne e omme ’me bophelo ba rōna bo ne bo sa behoa kotsing. Leha ho le joalo, ha ke tsebe hore na re tla ba lehlohonolo le lekaakang nakong e tlang ha ba boholong motseng ba etsa qeto ea hore ho bonolo ho tlala metsi sebakeng sa rōna ho e-na le ho tsosolosa tšireletso ea rōna.

Ntho e ’ngoe e ileng ea lula e le teng ho ’na ke ha ntate oa ka ea lilemo li mashome a tšeletseng a ne a re ho ’na, “Che, ke thabile hore ebe ha ke sa tla hlola ke bona ntho e tjena bophelong ba ka.”

Eaba ke arabela, “Ha ke tsebe ka taba eo, Ntate.”

"U nahana joalo?"

"Ke tseba joalo."

(Letsatsi la 6) ’Na le Ntate re ile ra tšela metsing ho ea fihla seteisheneng sa peterole se hukung ea seterata. Re ile ra kōpa ho palama seketsoana ho khutlela hae ’me ke ile ka hapa pono ena e ntle e tšosang.

Andrew Farias ke setho sa sehlopha sa 2021 Carleton College, ea sa tsoa qeta koetliso ea mosebetsi Washington, DC.

¹https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/30/harvey-has-unloaded-24-5-trillion-gallons-of-water-on-texas-and-louisiana/?utm_term=.7513293a929b
²https://www.popsci.com/where-does-flood-water-go#page-5
³http://www.galvbay.org/news/how-has-harvey-impacted-water-quality/
⁴https://oceanfdn.org/blog/coastal-ecosystems-are-our-first-line-defense-against-hurricanes
⁵https://www.dallasnews.com/news/harvey/2017/09/07/hurricane-harveys-floodwaters-harm-coral-reefs-gulf-mexico
⁶http://stormwater.wef.org/2017/12/gulf-mexico-researchers-examine-effects-hurricane-harvey-floodwaters/
⁷https://qz.com/1064364/hurricane-harvey-houstons-flooding-made-worse-by-unchecked-urban-development-and-wetland-destruction/
⁸https://www.houstoniamag.com/articles/2017/10/16/barker-addicks-reservoirs-release-west-houston-memorial-energy-corridor-hurricane-harvey
⁹https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/31/harvey-is-a-1000-year-flood-event-unprecedented-in-scale/?utm_term=.d3639e421c3a#comments
¹⁰ https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/tropical-storm-harvey-forecast-texas-louisiana-arkansas
¹¹ https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/29/houston-area-impacted-hurricane-harvey-visual-guide
¹² https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=90866