Meepo ea Leoatle le Tebileng - Teko ea Pacific

Khamphani ea merafo ea Canada ea Nautilus Minerals Inc. e ipakile botumo ba eona ka ho hlahisa tšebetso ea pele ea lefatše ea merafo e tebileng ea leoatle (DSM). Leoatle la Bismarck le Papua New Guinea le tšoailoe e le sebaka sa liteko bakeng sa theknoloji ena eo ho seng mohla e kileng ea e-ba teng. Lik'hamphani tse ling tse ngata - tse tsoang Japane, Chaena, Korea, UK, Canada, USA, Jeremane le Russia Federation - li emetse ho bona hore na Nautilus e ka atleha ho tlisa litšepe tse tsoang botebong ba leoatle ho qhibilihisa pele li ka itahlela ka botsona. Ba se ba nkile laesense ea ho hlahloba e koahelang sebaka sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse limilione tse 1.5 sebakeng sa leoatle la Pacific. Ho feta moo, lilaesense tsa ho hlahloba li boetse li akaretsa libaka tse kholo tsa leoatle la Atlantic le Indian Ocean.

Moferefere ona oa lipatlisiso tsa DSM o etsahala ha ho se na mebuso ea taolo kapa libaka tsa paballo ho sireletsa tikoloho e ikhethang le e fokolang e tsejoang ea leoatle le tebileng le ntle le lipuisano tse utloahalang le sechaba se tla angoa ke DSM. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso tsa mahlale mabapi le litlamorao li ntse li fokola haholo 'me ha li fane ka tiisetso ea hore bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba lebopong la leoatle le libaka tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tseo ba itšetlehileng ka tsona li tla tiisetsoa.

The Deep Sea Mining Campaign ke mokhatlo oa mekhatlo le baahi ba Papua New Guinea, Australia le Canada ba amehileng ka liphello tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng DSM ho tikoloho ea leoatle le lebōpong la leoatle le lichaba. Maikaelelo a letsholo leno ke go fitlhelela Tumelelo ya Mafelelo, Pele le ka Tsebiso go tswa mo baaging ba ba amegileng le tiriso ya molaomotheo wa go itshireletsa.

Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela re lumela hore:

▪ Baahi ba anngoeng ke morero ba lokela ho nka karolo liqetong tsa hore na merafo e tebileng ea leoatle e tsoelepele le ho feta moo tokelo ya ho thibela merafo e sisintsweng, Le hore
▪ Lipatlisiso tse netefalitsoeng ka boikemelo e tlameha ho etsoa ho bontša hore ha ho sechaba kapa tikoloho e tla ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa nako e telele - pele ho ho dumella ho qala morafo.

Likhamphani li bontšitse thahasello mefuteng e meraro ea DSM - merafo ea cobalt cuss, polymetallic nodules, le depositi ea seafloor massive sulphides. Ke ea morao-rao eo ntle ho pelaelo e khahlang ka ho fetisisa ho basebetsi ba merafong (e nang le zinki e ngata, koporo, silevera, khauta, loto le lefats'e le sa tloaelehang) - le tse nang le likhang ka ho fetisisa. Ho rafshoa ha li-sulphide tse matla ka holim'a leoatle ho ka baka tšenyo e kholo ea tikoloho le likotsi tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa bophelo ho baahi ba lebopong la leoatle le tikoloho.

Li-sulphide tse kholo tsa maoatleng li thehoa ho potoloha maqhubu a hydrothermal - liliba tse chesang tse hlahang haufi le liketane tsa lithaba tsa seretse se chesang ka tlas'a metsi. Ho theosa le lilemo tse likete maru a matšo a tšepe ea sulfide a tsoile masobeng, a iketla ka har'a litutulu tse kholo tse fihlang ho lithane tse limilione ka boima.

tshusumetso
Nautilus Minerals e filwe laesense ya pele lefatsheng ya ho sebetsa morafong o tebileng wa lewatle. E rera ho ntša khauta le koporo fatše leoatleng la sulfide e khōlōhali Leoatleng la Bismarck, PNG. Sebaka sa morafo sa Solwara 1 se ka bang lik'hilomithara tse 50 ho tloha toropong ea Rabaul e East New Britain le lik'hilomithara tse 30 ho tloha lebōpong la Profinse ea New Ireland. Letšolo la DSM le ile la lokolla tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea oceanographic ka November 2012 e bontšang hore metse e lebōpong la leoatle e ka 'na ea e-ba kotsing ea chefo ea tšepe e boima ka lebaka la ho phahama ha metsi le maqhubu sebakeng sa Solwara 1.[1]

Ho utloisisoa ho fokolang haholo ka litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa morafo o mong le o mong oa botebo ba leoatle re sa bue ka litlamorao tse eketsehang tsa merafo e mengata e ka bang teng. Maemo a pota-potileng maqhubu a hydrothermal ha a tšoane le kae kapa kae lefatšeng 'me sena se entse hore ho be le tikoloho e ikhethang. Bo-rasaense ba bang ba lumela hore masoba a futhumatsang metsi ke moo bophelo bo qalileng teng lefatšeng. Haeba ho joalo, libaka tsena le tikoloho ena li ka fana ka leseli mabapi le phetoho ea bophelo. Ha re qale ho utloisisa tikoloho e tebileng ea leoatle e nkang karolo e fetang 90% ea sebaka sa leoatle.[2]

Mosebetsi o mong le o mong oa merafo o ka senya ka ho otloloha likete-kete tsa lifensetere tse futhumatsang metsi le tikoloho ea tsona e ikhethang - ka monyetla oa 'nete oa hore mefuta e tla timela le pele e tsejoa. Ba bangata ba pheha khang ea hore ho senngoa ha li-vents feela ho ka fana ka lebaka le lekaneng la ho se lumelle merero ea DSM. Empa ho na le likotsi tse eketsehileng tse tebileng joalo ka chefo e ka bang teng ea litšepe tse ka kenang liketane tsa lijo tsa leoatleng.

Lithuto le ho etsa mohlala hoa hlokahala ho fumana hore na ke litšepe life tse tla lokolloa, li tla be li le ka mefuta efe ea lik'hemik'hale, hore na li tla fumana tsela ea ho kena ketane ea lijo ho isa boholeng bofe, hore na lijo tsa leoatleng tse jeoang ke sechaba sa lehae li tla silafala hakae, le hore na li tla ba le liphello life. litšepe li tla ba le ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa bohlokoa sebakeng seo, naha le libaka.

Ho fihlela ka nako eo ho lokela ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa ho ba hlokolosi ka thibelo e behiloeng holim'a lipatlisiso le merafo ea liminerale tse tebileng tsa leoatle.

Mantsoe a sechaba a khahlano le merafo e tebileng ea leoatle
Pitso ea ho emisa merafo ea liteko tsa leoatle Pacific e ntse e hola. Baahi ba sebakeng sa Papua New Guinea le Pacific ba bua hampe khahlanong le indasteri ena e moeling.[3] Sena se kenyelelitse tlhahiso ea boipiletso bo nang le batho ba fetang 24,000 ba saenneng ho 'muso oa PNG o bitsang mebuso ea Pacific hore e emise ho rafa ha maoatleng a liteko.[4]
Ha ho mohla historing ea PNG ho kileng ha e-ba le tlhahiso ea nts'etsopele e matlafalitseng khanyetso e fapaneng joalo - ho tsoa ho baemeli ba sechaba sa lehae, baithuti, baetapele ba likereke, mekhatlo e seng ea mmuso, barutehi, basebetsi ba mafapha a mmuso le maparamente a naha le a liprofinse.

Basali ba Pacific ba khothalelitse molaetsa oa 'emisa liteko tsa merafo ea leoatleng' kopanong ea machaba ea Rio+20 naheng ea Brazil.[5] Ha ba le New Zealand lichaba li kopane ho etsa letšolo khahlanong le ho rafshoa ha mahlabathe a bona a matšo le maoatle a bona a tebileng.[6]
Ka March 2013, Seboka se Akaretsang sa Pacific Conference of Churches 10th General se ile sa fetisa qeto ea ho emisa mefuta eohle ea liteko tsa merafo ea leoatleng la Pacific.[7]

Leha ho le joalo, lilaesense tsa ho hlahloba li fanoa ka sekhahla se tšosang. Mantsoe a mang a tlameha ho utluoa ho thibela maikutlo a DSM hore a se ke a phethahala.

Ikopanye le rona:
Eba setho sa letšolo la Deep Sea Mining e-list ka ho romella lengolo-tsoibila ho: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]. Ka kopo, re tsebise haeba uena kapa mokhatlo oa hau o ka rata ho sebelisana le rona.

Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng:
Webosaete ea rona: www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org
Litlaleho tsa Letšolo: http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepseaminingpacific
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NoDeepSeaMining
Youtube: http://youtube.com/StopDeepSeaMining

References:
[1]Dr. John Luick, 'Tekolo ea Physical Oceanographic ea Setatemente sa Tšusumetso ea Tikoloho ea Nautilus bakeng sa Morero oa Solwara 1 - Tlhahlobo e Ikemetseng', Letšolo la Meepo ea Leoatleng le tebileng http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
[2] www.savethesea.org/STS%20ocean_facts.htm
[3] www.deepseaminingourofourdepth.org/community-testimonies
[4] www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/petition/
[5] Mekhatlo e ikemetseng ea Pacific e phahamisa Letšolo la Leoatle Rio+20, Business Business, June 15 2012,
www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/pacific-ngos-step-up-oceans-campaign-at-rio20
[6] kasm.org; deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/new-zealand
[7] 'Bitsa lipatlisiso tsa tšusumetso', Dawn Gibson, 11 March 2013, Fiji Times Online, www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=227482

Letšolo la Meepo ea Leoatle le Leholo ke morero oa The Ocean Foundation