Tlhahiso ea leoatle
Ho utloisisa maemo ohle a Maoatle a Fetohang
Ocean Science Equity Initiative
Ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ho beha leihlo
Thepa ea rona
Ocean Acidification ke eng?
Lefatšeng ka bophara, k'hemistri ea metsi a leoatle e fetoha ka potlako ho feta neng kapa neng nalaneng ea Lefatše.
Ka karolelano, metsi a leoatle a na le asiti ka 30% ho feta lilemong tse 250 tse fetileng. 'Me ha phetoho ena ea k'hemistri - e tsejoa e le acidification ea leoatle - e ka 'na ea se ke ea bonahala, liphello tsa eona ha li joalo.
Ha likhase tse ntseng li eketseha tsa carbon dioxide li qhibiliha ka leoatleng, metsoako ea lona ea lik’hemik’hale ea fetoha, e etsang hore metsi a leoatle a be le asiti. Sena se ka hatella lintho tse phelang leoatleng 'me sa fokotsa ho fumaneha ha li-blocks tse itseng - ho thatafalletsa libōpuoa tse nang le calcium carbonate tse kang oyster, lobster le corals ho haha likhetla tse matla kapa masapo ao li a hlokang hore li phele. E etsa hore litlhapi tse ling li ferekane, 'me ha liphoofolo li lefella ho boloka k'hemik'hale ea tsona ea ka hare ho sa tsotellehe liphetoho tsena tse ka ntle, ha li na matla ao li a hlokang ho hōla, ho ikatisa, ho fumana lijo, ho loantša maloetse le ho etsa mekhoa e tloaelehileng.
Ocean acidization e ka baka phello e matla: E ka senya tikoloho eohle e nang le likamano tse rarahaneng lipakeng tsa algae le plankton - meaho ea marang-rang a lijo - le liphoofolo tsa bohlokoa moetlong, moruong le tikolohong joalo ka litlhapi, likorale le li-urchins tsa leoatle. Le hoja monyetla oa phetoho ena ea k'hemistri ea leoatle o ka fapana ho ea ka mefuta le baahi, likhokahano tse senyehileng li ka fokotsa ts'ebetso ea tikoloho le ho theha maemo a tlang ao ho leng thata ho a bolela esale pele le ho ithuta. Mme e ntse e mpefala le ho feta.
Litharollo tse Tsamaisang Nalete
Re tlameha ho fokotsa bongata ba khabone ea anthropogenic e kenang sepakapakeng ho tsoa ho mafura a lintho tsa khale. Re hloka ho matlafatsa kamano lipakeng tsa asiti ea maoatle le phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo ka tlhokomelo ea machaba le meralo ea puso ea molao, kahoo litaba tsena li nkuoe e le litaba tse amanang e seng liqholotso tse arohaneng. Hape, re hloka ho tšehetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oarellang le ho boloka marang-rang a tlhahlobo ea mahlale le ho theha database bakeng sa nako e haufi le e telele.
Ocean acidification e hloka mekhatlo ea sechaba, ea poraefete, le e sa etseng phaello ka hare le kantle ho leoatle ho kopana - le ho ntšetsa pele litharollo tse tsamaisang nale.
Ho tloha ka 2003, esale re khothaletsa boqapi le ho theha likamano tsa maano, ho ts'ehetsa bo-ramahlale, baetsi ba melaoana, le lichaba lefatšeng ka bophara. Mosebetsi ona o laoloa ke leano le nang le likarolo tse tharo:
- Ela Hloko le ho Hlahlobisisa: Ho Aha Saense
- Etsa joalo: Ho Matlafatsa le ho Holisa Marang-rang a rona
- Molao: Ho Ntlafatsa Leano
Hlokomela le ho Hlahlobisisa: Ho Aha Saense
Ho ela hloko hore na phetoho e etsahala joang, kae, le kapele hakae, le ho ithuta ka litlamorao tsa k'hemistri ea leoatle ho lichaba tsa tlhaho le tsa batho.
Ho arabela k'hemik'hale e fetohang ea leoatle, re hloka ho tseba se etsahalang. Tekolo ena ea mahlale le lipatlisiso li tlameha ho etsahala lefatšeng ka bophara, lichabeng tsohle tse lebopong la leoatle.
Ho Hlomella Bo-rasaense
KGONA ka Lebokose
Saense ea acidification ea Ocean e lokela ho ba e sebetsang, e theko e tlaase le e fumanehang. Ho ts'ehetsa Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network, re fetoletse lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa lab le tsa masimong hore e be a khiti e ka etsoang, e theko e tlase - GOA-ON ka Lebokoseng - ho bokella litekanyo tsa boleng bo holimo ba acidification ea leoatle. Sephutheloana sena, seo re se rometseng lefatšeng ka bophara libakeng tse hōle tse lebōpong la leoatle, se abetsoe bo-rasaense ba linaheng tse 17 tsa Afrika, Lihlekehlekeng Tsa Pacific le Latin America.
pCO2 ho Tsamaea
Re ile ra sebelisana 'moho le Moprofesa Burke Hales ho theha sensor ea k'hemistri e theko e tlase le e nkehang habonolo e bitsoang "pCO2 ho Tsamaea”. Sensor ena e lekanya hore na CO e kae2 e qhibiliha ka metsing a leoatle (pCO2) e le hore basebetsi ba likhetla ba ka ithuta hore na likhofu tsa bona tse nyenyane li etsahalloa ke eng ka nako le ho nka khato ha ho hlokahala. Setsing sa Alutiiq Pride Marine, setsi sa lipatlisiso sa metsing se Seward, Alaska, pCO2 to Go e ile ea behoa boemong ba eona ba ho qhotsetsoa le masimong - ho itokisetsa ho eketsa phano ho lihoai tse tlokotsing tsa likhofu libakeng tse ncha.
Lenaneo la koetliso ea Pier2Peer
Re boetse re sebelisana 'moho le GOA-ON ho ts'ehetsa lenaneo la boeletsi ba mahlale, le tsejoang ka hore ke Pier2Peer, ka ho fana ka lithuso ho baeletsi le barupeli - ho ts'ehetsa meputso e bonahalang ea bokhoni ba theknoloji, tšebelisano-'moho le tsebo. Ho fihlela joale, lipara tse fetang 25 li fuoe lihlapiso tse tšehetsang theko ea lisebelisoa, maeto bakeng sa phapanyetsano ea tsebo, le litšenyehelo tsa ho lokisa sampole.
Ho fokotsa ho Kotsi
Hobane acidization ea leoatle e rarahane haholo, 'me litlamorao tsa eona li ntse li fihla hole, ho ka ba thata ho utloisisa hantle hore na e tla ama sechaba se lebopong la leoatle joang. Tekolo ea haufi le lebopo le liteko tsa baeloji li re thusa ho araba lipotso tsa bohlokoa mabapi le hore na mefuta le tikoloho e ka tsoela pele joang. Empa, ho utloisisa liphello ho lichaba tsa batho, saense ea sechaba ea hlokahala.
Ka tšehetso e tsoang ho NOAA, TOF e rala moralo oa tlhahlobo ea ho ba kotsing ea asiti ea leoatle Puerto Rico, le balekane ba Univesithi ea Hawai'i le Puerto Rico Sea Grant. Tlhahlobo e kenyelletsa ho utloisisa saense ea tlhaho - hore na lintlha tsa tlhahlobo le liteko li ka re bolella eng ka bokamoso ba Puerto Rico - empa hape le saense ea sechaba. Na lichaba li se li ntse li bona liphetoho? Ba ikutloa joang hore mesebetsi ea bona le sechaba sa bona se ntse se le teng 'me se tla ameha joang? Ha re etsa tlhahlobo ena, re ile ra etsa mohlala o ka kopitsoang libakeng tse ling tse lekanyelitsoeng ke data, 'me ra hira baithuti ba lehae ho re thusa ho kenya tšebetsong lipatlisiso tsa rona. Ena ke tlhahlobo ea pele ea ho ba kotsing ea tikoloho ea NOAA Ocean Acidification Programme ho shebana le sebaka sa US mme e tla hlahella e le mohlala bakeng sa boiteko ba kamoso ha e ntse e fana ka tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le sebaka se sa emeng hantle.
Kopanela: Ho Matlafatsa le ho Holisa Marang-rang a rona
Ho aha likamano le likhokahano le ba amehang.
Ntle le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho beha leihlo, re boetse re sebeletsa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bafuputsi ho etella pele mananeo a ho beha leihlo a hlophisitsoeng sebakeng sa heno, ho a hokahanya le lingaka tse ling, le ho tsamaisa phapanyetsano ea lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa tekheniki. Ho tloha ka Mmesa 2023, re koetlisitse bafuputsi ba fetang 150 ba tsoang linaheng tse fetang 25. Ha ba ntse ba bokella lintlha tse ngata mabapi le boemo ba sebaka se lebopong la leoatle, re li hokahanya le lisebelisoa ho thusa ho kenya tlhahisoleseling ho li-database tse pharalletseng joalo ka Morero oa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella 14.3.1 portal, e bokellang data ea acidization ea leoatle ho tsoa lefats'eng ka bophara.
Ho aha Bokhoni ho Tlhokomelo ea Asiti ea Ocean Koung ea Guinea (BIOTTA)
Ocean acidization ke taba ea lefats'e ka bophara e nang le mekhoa le litlamorao tsa lehae. Tšebelisano-'moho ea libaka ke senotlolo sa ho utloisisa hore na asiti ea leoatle e ama joang tikoloho le mefuta ea lintho tse phelang le ho theha leano le atlehileng la phokotso le ho ikamahanya le maemo. TOF e tšehetsa tšebelisano-'moho ea libaka Koung ea Guinea ka morero oa Building CapacIty in Ocean AcdificaTion MoniToring in the Gulf of GuineA (BIOTTA) projeke, e etelletsoeng pele ke Dr. Edem Mahu le Benin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, le Nigeria. Ka tšebelisano 'moho le lintlha tse shebaneng le e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea linaha tse emetsoeng le mohokahanyi oa baithuti Univesithing ea Ghana, TOF e fane ka 'mapa oa ho buisana le ba amehang, tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa, tlhahlobo ea libaka le tlhahiso ea data. TOF e boetse e sebeletsa ho romela lisebelisoa tsa ho beha leihlo ho balekane ba BIOTTA le ho hokahanya ka bobona le koetliso e hole.
Ho theha Lihlekehleke tsa Pacific joalo ka setsi sa lipatlisiso tsa OA
TOF e fane ka GOA-ON ka Box kits ho linaha tse fapaneng tsa Lihlekehleke tsa Pacific. 'Me, ka ts'ebelisano le National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, re khethile le ho tšehetsa setsi se secha sa koetliso ea acidization ea leoatle, Setsi sa Pacific Islands Ocean Acidification (PIOAC) e Suva, Fiji. Ena e ne e le boiteko bo kopanetsoeng bo etelletsoeng pele ke The Pacific Community (SPC), Univesithi ea South Pacific (USP), Univesithi ea Otago, le New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Setsi sena ke sebaka seo bohle ba sebakeng seo ba bokanang ho sona ho fumana koetliso ea saense ea OA, ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho hlahloba k'hemistri ea leoatle, ho nka likaroloana tsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa, le ho fumana tataiso mabapi le taolo ea boleng ba data / tiisetso le tokiso ea thepa. Ntle le ho thusa ho bokella tsebo ea tikoloho e fanoeng ke basebetsi bakeng sa k'hemistri ea carbonate, li-sensor, tsamaiso ea data, le marang-rang a libaka, re boetse re sebetsa ho etsa bonnete ba hore PIOAC e sebetsa e le sebaka se bohareng sa ho tsamaea bakeng sa koetliso ka GOA-ON tse peli tse inehetseng. a Box kits le ho nka li-spare parts ho fokotsa nako le litšenyehelo tsa ho lokisa thepa efe kapa efe.
Molao: Ho Ntlafatsa Leano
Ho etsa molao o tšehetsang mahlale, o fokotsang asiti ea maoatle, hape o thusa sechaba ho ikamahanya le maemo.
Phokotso ea 'nete le ho ikamahanya le maemo a leoatle a fetohang ho hloka leano. Mananeo a matla a ho beha leihlo le ho etsa lipatlisiso a hloka hore lichelete tsa naha li tsoele pele. Mehato e khethehileng ea phokotso le ho ikamahanya le maemo e tlameha ho hokahanngoa ho ea ka sekala sa lehae, sa tikoloho le sa naha. Leha leoatle le sa tsebe meeli, litsamaiso tsa molao li fapana haholo, ka hona ho tlameha ho thehoe litharollo tsa moetlo.
Boemong ba tikoloho, re hokahane le mebuso ea Caribbean eo e leng Mekha ea Kopano ea Cartagena 'me e tšehelitse nts'etsopele ea meralo ea tlhokomelo le ts'ebetso Lewatleng la Indian Bophirima.
Boemong ba naha, re sebelisa bukana ea rona ea tataiso ea molao, re koetliselitse baetsi ba molao Mexico ka bohlokoa ba asiti ea maoatle le ho tsoela pele ho fana ka likeletso bakeng sa lipuisano tse tsoelang pele tsa maano naheng e nang le liphoofolo tse hlaha le libaka tsa leoatle tse bohlokoa tse lebopong le leoatleng. Re sebelisane 'moho le' Muso oa Peru ho thusa ho nts'etsapele ts'ebetso ea boemo ba naha ho utloisisa le ho arabela ho asiti ea maoatle.
Boemong ba naha, re sebetsa le baetsi ba molao mabapi le nts'etsopele le phetiso ea melao e mecha ho ts'ehetsa moralo oa asiti ea leoatle le ho ikamahanya le maemo.
Re thusa ho aha mahlale, leano, le bokhoni ba botekgeniki ba litsebi tse etellang pele matsapa a ho hlahisa asiti ea leoatle lefatšeng ka bophara le linaheng tsa habo bona.
Re theha lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse etselitsoeng ho sebetsa lefats'eng lohle - ho kenyeletsoa Amerika Leboea, Lihlekehleke tsa Pacific, Afrika, Latin America le Caribbean. Re etsa sena ka:
Ho hokela sechaba sa lehae le litsebi tsa R&D ho rala lintlafatso tsa thekenoloji tse theko e tlaase, tse bulehileng mohloling le ho tsamaisa phapanyetsano ea lisebelisoa tsa tekheniki le lisebelisoa.
Ho tšoara lithupelo ho pota lefatše le ho fana ka ts'ehetso ea nako e telele ka lisebelisoa, li-stipends, le boeletsi bo tsoelang pele.
Boiteko bo ka sehloohong ba bobuelli mabapi le melaoana ea asiti ea maoatle boemong ba naha le ba naha le ho thusa mebuso ho batla liqeto maemong a machaba le a libaka.
Ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea matsete bakeng sa theknoloji e nchafalitsoeng, e nolofalitsoeng, e theko e tlaase ea ho mamella hatchery ho rarolla maemo a fetohang a maoatle.
Leha ho na le ts'okelo e kholo eo e e bakang polanete ea rona, ho ntse ho na le likheo tse kholo kutloisisong ea rona ea mahlale a mahlale le litholoana tsa asiti ea leoatle. Mokhoa o le mong feela oa ho e emisa ke ho emisa CO2 tlhahiso. Empa, haeba re utloisisa se etsahalang tikolohong, re ka rala maano a taolo, phokotso, le ho ikamahanya le maemo a sireletsang sechaba sa bohlokoa, tikoloho le mefuta.
Letsatsi la Ketso la Ocean Acidification
THUTLO
LIKHOKELO TSE EKETSEHILENG
Ocean Science Equity Initiative | Ho aha bokhoni | Diplomasia ya Saense ya Leoatle
Ho Hlomella Bo-rasaense le Sechaba | Litšebelisano-'moho: Sebaka sa Afrika Bophirimela
LIKETSAHALO TSA NTLO-POTSO E TSOANG (Li-SDGs)
