Karolo ea 3: Kamora sefefo - lipolasetiki ka leoatleng

Ka Mark J. Spalding, Mopresidente, The Ocean Foundation le Caroline Coogan, Mothusi oa Motheo, The Ocean Foundation

Ho The Ocean Foundation, re ntse re nahana haholo ka litlamorao. Re soabisitsoe ke lipale tse bohloko tsa batho tsa tahlehelo ka mor'a lifefo tse kang se ileng sa otla St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago, le lichaba tse ling tsa lihlekehlekeng Mantsiboeeng a Pele a Keresemese. Ho bile le kutloelo-bohloko le thuso ho ba amehileng, feela joalokaha ho lokela ho ba teng. Re ntse re ipotsa hore na ke lintlha life tse ka boleloang esale pele tsa phello ea lifefo le hore na re ka etsa eng ho itokisetsa litlamorao?

Ka ho khetheha, re ntse re ipotsa hore na re ka fokotsa kapa ra thibela joang kotsi e tlisoang ke litšila tse bakiloeng ke likhohola, moea le tšenyo ea sefefo-haholo-holo ha e fihla metsing a haufi le lebopo la leoatle. Bongata ba lintho tse hoholang ho tloha mobung le ho kena metsing a rona le leoatleng li entsoe ka thepa e bobebe, e sa keneleng metsi e phaphametseng kapa ka tlase ho metsi. E tla ka libopeho tse ngata, boholo, botenya, 'me e sebelisoa ka mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng bakeng sa mesebetsi ea batho. Ho tloha mekotleng ea mabenkele le libotlolo ho ea ho li-coolers tsa lijo, ho tloha lipapaling ho ea ho lithelefono—lipolasetiki li hohle metseng ea batho, ’me boteng ba tsona bo utluoa ka botebo ke baahisani ba rōna ba leoatle.

Khatiso ea morao-rao ea SeaWeb's Marine Science Review e totobalitse bothata bo latelang ka tlhaho puisanong e tsoelang pele ea The Ocean Foundation ea lifefo le liphello, haholo-holo ha ho sebetsana le bothata ba lithōle leoatleng, kapa ho feta ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng: lithōle tsa leoatleng. Ka bobeli re khothatsoa ebile re makatsoa ke palo ea lingoliloeng tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka le tse amanang le tsona tse ntseng li hatisoa hona joale le likhoeling tse tlang tse tlalehang bothata bona. Re khothatsoa ke ho tseba hore bo-rasaense ba ntse ba ithuta ka litlamorao tsa eona: ho tloha phuputsong ea maloanlahla a leoatleng shelefong ea kontinente ea Belgian ho fihlela phello ea lisebelisoa tse lahliloeng tsa ho ts'oasa litlhapi (mohlala, matlooa a moea) holim'a likolopata tsa leoatle le liphoofolo tse ling tsa Australia, esita le boteng ba polasetiki. liphoofolong ho tloha ho li-barnacle tse nyane ho isa ho litlhapi tse tšoasoang ka khoebo hore li jeoe ke batho. Re hloletsoe ke tiisetso e ntseng e eketseha ea tekanyo ea lefats'e ea bothata bona le hore na ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe bokae ho bo rarolla - le ho thibela hore bo se ke ba mpefala.

Libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle, lifefo li atisa ho ba matla 'me li tsamaea le likhohola tsa metsi a theohelang leralleng ka har'a likhohola, likhohlo, melapo le linōka, 'me qetellong ho ea leoatleng. Metsi ao a nka boholo ba libotlolo, makotikoti le lithōle tse ling tse lebetsoeng, tse pel’a mapheo, tlas’a lifate, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo esita le lijaneng tse sa sirelelitsoeng. E jara lithōle ka har'a litselana tsa metsi moo e ts'oanelang sehlahleng haufi le bethe ea molapo kapa e tšoasoa haufi le majoe le marokho a borokho, 'me qetellong, e qobelloang ke maqhubu, e iphumana e le mabōpong le mekhoabong le libakeng tse ling. Ka mor’a Leholiotsoana Sandy, mekotlana ea polasetiki e ne e khabisitse lifate tse pel’a lebōpo la litsela ho ea holimo ho feta sefefo se matla—limithara tse fetang 15 ho tloha fatše libakeng tse ngata, li isoa moo ke metsi ha a ntse a mathela ho tloha naheng ho ea leoatleng.

Lichaba tsa lihlekehlekeng li se li ntse li e-na le bothata bo boholo ha ho tluoa tabeng ea lithōle—mobu ke oa bohlokoa haholo ’me ho o sebelisa bakeng sa ho lahlela lithōle ha ho hlile ha ho thuse. Mme - haholo-holo hona joale Caribbean - ba na le phephetso e 'ngoe ha ho tluoa tabeng ea lithōle. Ho etsahala'ng ha sefefo se fihla 'me lithane tse likete tsa maloanlahla a sotlehileng e le feela matlo a batho le thepa e ratoang? E tla beoa hokae? Ho etsahala’ng ka mafika a haufi, mabōpo a leoatle, lifate tsa mangrove le makhulo a leoatleng ha metsi a tlisa ho ’ona boholo ba maloanlahla a kopantsoeng le mantle, likhoere-khoere, lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa ka tlung le thepa e ’ngoe e neng e bolokiloe metseng ea batho ho fihlela sefefo se fihla? Pula e tloaelehileng e isa matlakala a makae linōkeng le mabōpong le metsing a haufi? Ho etsahala'ng ka eona? E ama bophelo ba likepe, boithabiso le mesebetsi ea moruo e tšehetsang baahi ba lihlekehlekeng joang?

Lenaneo la Tikoloho la Caribbean la UNEP ke khale le tseba bothata bona: ho totobatsa lintlha tse fumanehang webosaeteng ea eona, Litšila tse Tiileng le Lithōle Tsa Leoatleng, le ho bokella batho ba nang le thahasello ho pota-pota mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea litšila ka litsela tse fokotsang kotsi ea metsi a haufi le lebōpo le libaka tsa bolulo. Ofisiri ea Lithuso le Lipatlisiso ea Ocean Foundation, Emily Franc, o bile teng pitsong e 'ngoe e joalo ka hoetla e fetileng. Bahlanka ba ne ba kenyelletsa baemeli ba tsoang mekhatlong e mengata ea 'muso le eo e seng ea 'muso.[1]

Tahlehelo e bohloko ea bophelo le lefa la sechaba nakong ea lifefo tsa Bosiu ba Keresemese e ne e le qalo feela ea pale. Re na le boikarabelo ho metsoalle ea rōna ea sehlekehlekeng ho nahana esale pele ka liphello tse ling tsa lifefo tse tlang. Rea tseba hore hobane feela sefefo sena se ne se sa tloaeleha, ha ho bolele hore ho ke ke ha e-ba le liketsahalo tse ling tse sa tloaelehang kapa tse lebeletsoeng.

Hape rea tseba hore ho thibela lipolasetiki le tšilafalo e meng ho fihla leoatleng e lokela ho ba ntho e tlang pele bophelong ba rona. Bongata ba polasetiki ha e senyehe ebe e nyamela ka leoatleng—e mpa e qhalana ho ba likarolo tse nyenyane le tse nyenyane, e senya tsamaiso ea ho fepa le ea ho ikatisa ea liphoofolo tse nyenyane le limela tse lulang li le nyenyane leoatleng. Joalokaha u ka tseba, ho na le li-aggregations tsa polasetiki le lithōle tse ling libakeng tse kholo tsa leoatle leoatleng le leng le le leng la lefats'e-le Great Pacific Garbage Patch (haufi le Lihlekehleke tsa Midway le ho koahela bohareng ba Leoatle la Pacific Leboea) e leng eona e tummeng ka ho fetisisa, empa, ka masoabi. , eseng e ikhethang.

Kahoo, ho na le mohato o le mong oo bohle re ka o tšehetsang: Ho fokotsa ho etsoa ha lipolasetiki tse sebelisoang hanngoe feela, ho khothaletsa lijana le litsamaiso tse tšoarellang bakeng sa ho isa maro le lihlahisoa tse ling moo li tla sebelisoa. Re ka boela ra lumellana ka mohato oa bobeli: Ho etsa bonnete ba hore likopi, mekotla, libotlolo le lithōle tse ling tsa polasetiki li bolokoa ka har'a liphaephe tsa sefefo, liforo, melapo le litsela tse ling tsa metsi. Re batla ho thibela lijana tsohle tsa polasetiki hore li se ke tsa fella ka leoatleng le mabopong a rona.

• Re ka etsa bonnete ba hore lithōle tsohle li sebelisoa hape kapa ka tsela e 'ngoe li lahleloa ka nepo.
• Re ka kenya letsoho tlhoekisong ea sechaba ho thusa ho tlosa litšila tse ka koalang litsela tsa rona tsa metsi.

Joalo ka ha re boletse makhetlo a mangata pele, ho khutlisetsa litsamaiso tsa mabopo ke mohato o mong oa bohlokoa oa ho netefatsa hore sechaba se khona ho mamella. Baahi ba bohlale ba lebopong ba tsetelang ho aha libaka tsena bocha ho thusa ho itokisetsa sefefo se matla se latelang ba fumana melemo ea boithabiso, moruo le tse ling hape. Ho boloka lithōle lebōpong la leoatle le ka ntle ho metsi ho etsa hore sechaba se ipiletse ho baeti.

Leoatle la Caribbean le fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea linaha tsa lihlekehleke le tse lebopong la leoatle ho hohela baeti ba tsoang hohle Amerika le lefats'e. Hape, ba indastering ea maeto ba hloka ho tsotella libaka tseo bareki ba bona ba eang ho tsona bakeng sa menyaka, khoebo le lelapa. Kaofela re itšetlehile ka mabōpo a eona a matle, mafika a ikhethang a likorale, le limakatso tse ling tsa tlhaho ho phela, ho sebetsa le ho bapala. Re ka kopana ho thibela kotsi moo re ka khonang le ho rarolla litlamorao, joalo ka ha re lokela.

[1] Mekhatlo e mengata e sebetsa ho ruta, ho hloekisa, le ho fumana tharollo ea tšilafalo ea polasetiki maoatleng. Li kenyelletsa Ocean Conservancy, 5 Gyres, Plastic Pollution Coalition, Surfrider Foundation, le tse ling tse ngata.