Tšoarelo, Eo HASE Cocktail e Khethehileng ea Matsatsi a Phomolo

Ka Mark J. Spalding, Mopresidente

Pejana ka December 2014, ke ile ka ba lehlohonolo la ho ba teng liketsahalong tse peli tse khethehileng haholo Annapolis, Maryland. Ea pele e ne e le lijo tsa mantsiboea tsa Chesapeake Conservancy moo re utloileng puo e matla e tsoang ho ED ea mokhatlo, Joel Dunn, mabapi le hore na ho bohlokoa hakae ho lumela hore bohle re ka thusa ho etsa hore sebaka sa metsi sa Chesapeake Bay se nang le libaka tse tšeletseng e be sebaka se phetseng hantle sa ho phela. sebetsa, le ho bapala. E mong oa bahlomphehi ba mantsiboeeng ao e bile Keith Campbell ea re boleletseng hore lintlha li tšehetsa bohle ba lumelang hore Chesapeake Bay e phetseng hantle ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea moruo o phetseng hantle oa tikoloho.

Mantsiboeeng a latelang, e ne e le Keith le morali oa hae Samantha Campbell (mopresidente oa Keith Campbell Foundation bakeng sa Tikoloho le setho sa mehleng sa TOF Board) ba neng ba keteka diphihlello tsa Verna Harrison, ea theohang setulo ka mor'a lilemo tse leshome le metso e 'meli e le Motsamaisi e Moholo oa Motheo. Sebui ka mor'a sebui se ile sa lemoha boitlamo bo matla ba Verna ho Chesapeake Bay e phetseng hantle ka lilemo tse mashome. Ba neng ba le teng ho thusa ho keteka mosebetsi oa hae ho fihlela joale e ne e le babusi ba mehleng, mmuso, mmuso le liofisiri tsa lehae, basebetsi-'moho le bona ba fetang leshome le metso e 'meli, le batho ba bang ba bangata ba qetang matsatsi a bona sebakeng se phetseng hantle sa Chesapeake Bay.

E mong oa batho ba inehetseng ketsahalong ena e ne e le Julie Lawson, motsamaisi oa Trash-Free Maryland, ea neng a nkile nkho ea hae ea metsi ho tsoa Koung. Ha ho shejoa hantle ho ile ha fumanoa hore e ne e se metsi a hae a nooang. Ha e le hantle, ke ile ka soaba ha ke utloa hore ho na le ntho leha e le efe e nooang kapa e phelang metsing ana. Joalokaha u bona setšoantšong, metsi a ka nkhong a ne a le botala bo khanyang, a le matala joaloka letsatsi leo a neng a bokelloa ka lona. Ho shebisisa hantle ho ile ha senola hore lintlheng tse thata tsa algae ho ne ho leketlile likotoana tsa polasetiki tsa boholo bo fapaneng. Khalase e holisang e ne e tla senola likotoana tse ngata le tse nyane tsa polasetiki.

Mohlala oo a neng a o nkile o ile oa bokelloa ho elella bofelong ba Pulungoana ha mekhatlo e 'meli ea paballo, Trash Free Maryland le 5 Gyres Institute, e tsoa ho ea lata lisampole tsa metsi le lisampole tsa maloanlahla a Chesapeake. Ba memile setsebi sa Chesapeake Bay le moeletsi ea phahameng oa EPA Jeff Corbin hore a tsamaee le bona:  Ho blog ea morao-rao, o ile a ngola: “Ke ile ka bolela esale pele hore re ke ke ra fumana ho hongata. Khopolo ea ka e ne e le hore Chesapeake Bay e matla haholo, ka maqhubu a eona a sa khaotseng, meea le maqhubu a eona, ho fapana le mokhoa o batlang o khutsitse oa ho potoloha ha leoatle o ka lebisang tšilafalo ea polasetiki. Ke ne ke fositse."

Microplastics ke lentsoe le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa polasetiki tse teng hona joale ho pholletsa le leoatle la rona-masala a lithōle tsa polasetiki tse kenang metsing le leoatleng. Lipolasetiki ha li nyamele ka leoatleng; li robeha likotoana tse nyane le tse nyane. Joalokaha Julie a ile a ngola haufinyane tjena ka sampling ea Bay, “Likete-kete tsa libaha tse nyenyane tse tsoang lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho le ho teteana ha polasetiki ka kakaretso ho hakanngoang ka makhetlo a 10 ho feta tekanyo e fumanoang “libakeng tse tummeng tsa litšila” tsa maoatle a lefatše. Likaroloana tsena tse nyenyane tsa polasetiki li monya lik’hemik’hale tse ling tsa petrole tse kang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, oli le peterole, ’me li e-ba chefo le ho feta ’me li ntša chefo karolong e ka tlaase ea lijo tsa Bay e lebisang ho makhala a maputsoa le li- rockfish tse jeoang ke batho.”

Phatlalatso ea December ea sampole ea mahlale ea lilemo tse hlano ea maoatle a lefatše ho PLOS 1 e ne e tšoenya - "Lipolasetiki tsa boholo bohle li fumanoe libakeng tsohle tsa maoatle, li kopana libakeng tse bokellaneng libakeng tsa tropike, ho kenyeletsoa le li-gyres tse ka boroa tsa hemisphere moo palo ea baahi ba lebopong e leng tlase haholo ho feta karolong e ka leboea ea hemisphere." Boithuto bona ke likhakanyo tsa hore na polasetiki e kae maoatleng a lefats'e e totobatsa kamoo ho metsa le ho ts'oara ho senya bophelo ba leoatleng.

Kaofela re ne re ka etsa kamoo Julie a etsang kateng ’me ra nka sampole ea metsi. Kapa re ka amohela molaetsa oo re o utloang khafetsa ho tsoa ho Trash Free Maryland, Setsi sa 5 Gyres, Plastics Pollution Coalition, Beyond Plastic, Surfrider Foundation, le balekane ba bona ba bangata lefatšeng ka bophara. Ke bothata boo batho ba hlileng ba bo utloisisang—’me potso ea pele eo re e botsoang hangata ke “Re ka khutlisa polasetiki ka leoatleng joang?”

'Me, ho The Ocean Foundation, re lula re fumana litlhahiso ho tsoa mekhatlong e fapaneng le bathong ka bomong mabapi le ho tlosoa ha lipolasetiki metsing a leoatle moo li bokeletseng teng. Ho fihlela joale, ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona e kileng ea etsoa. Esita le haeba re ka sebelisa tsamaiso ea hae ho bokella polasetiki ho tloha gyre, joale re ntse re hloka ho tseba hore na ho tla ja bokae ho jara litšila tseo ho li isa fatše le ho li koahela ho etsa mafura ka mokhoa o itseng. Kapa u e fetole leoatleng, ebe u tsamaisa libeso ho li isa moo li ka sebelisoang teng. Litšenyehelo tse feletseng tsa potoloho ea ho ea batla polasetiki, ho e fetolela matla kapa ho e sebelisa ho feta boleng ba matla leha e le afe kapa sehlahisoa se seng se tsosolositsoeng se hlahisoang (sena se feta hona joale hore litheko tsa oli li theohile).

Le hoja ke tšoenyehile hore ho tla lula ho le thata ho etsa hore ho tlosa polasetiki leoatleng ho khonehe ka lichelete (e le khoebo ea khoebo ea phaello); Ke ts'ehetsa ho ntša li-plastiki ho tsoa leoatleng la rona. Hobane, haeba re ka tlosa palo e kholo ea polasetiki ho tloha leha e le gyre e le 'ngoe, seo e ka ba phello e babatsehang.
Kahoo karabelo ea ka e tloaelehileng ke hore, "Re ka qala ka ho etsa karolo ea rona ho se lumelle polasetiki e 'ngoe hape hore e kene ka leoatleng ha re ntse re fumana mokhoa oa ho tlosa tšilafalo ea polasetiki leoatleng ntle le ho ntša kotsi." Kahoo ha re ntse re atamela Selemo se Secha, mohlomong tsena ke liqeto tseo re ka li bolokang molemong oa maoatle:

• Ea pele, e leng thata ka ho khetheha nakong ena ea selemo: Fokotsa tlhahiso ea lithōle. Ebe u lahla lithōle tsohle hantle.  Recycle moo ho loketseng.
• Fumana mefuta e meng ea lintho tsa polasetiki tseo u itšetlehileng ka tsona; le ho hana liphutheloana tse sebeletsang motho a le mong, litlhaka, liphutheloana tse feteletseng, le lipolasitiki tse ling tse 'lahliloeng'.
• U se ke ua tlatsa liqoapi tsa lithōle 'me u etse bonnete ba hore sekoahelo se lekana hantle-haholo-holo metsi a phallang hangata a fella seterateng, a hoholeha ka har'a liphaephe tsa sefefo, le ho tsoa ka metsing.
• Khothalletsa batho ba tsubang hore ba lahle likoti tsa bona hantle—ho hakanngoa hore karolo ea boraro (libilione tse 120) ea litompi tsohle tsa lisakerete li fella litseleng tsa metsi United States feela.
• Tšoara botlolo ea hau ea metsi le mekotla e ka sebelisoang hape le uena-re sebelisa mekotla e libilione tse 3 ka selemo lefatšeng ka bophara 'me e mengata haholo ea eona e fella ka matlakala.
• Qoba lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho tse nang le "microbeads" - li se li le hohle litseleng tsa metsi le mabōpong kaha li se li le hohle ka sesepa sa meno, ho hlatsoa sefahleho le lihlahisoa tse ling lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng.
• Khothalletsa bahlahisi le ba bang ho phehella mekhoa e meng e meng—Unilever, L'Oreal, Crest (Procter & Gamble), Johnson & Johnson, le Colgate Palmolive ke tse ling tsa lik'hamphani tse lumetseng ho etsa joalo mafelong a 2015 kapa 2016 (bakeng sa lenane le felletseng haholoanyane).
• Khothaletsa indasteri ho tsoela pele ho batla tharollo ea ho thibela polasetiki ho tloha ho kena ka lewatleng pele.