Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop

Ka Mark J. Spalding, Mopresidente, The Ocean Foundation

Kamore e ne e phela ka litumeliso le meqoqo ha barupeluoa ba bokane sebokeng sa pele. Re ne re le setsing sa likopano ho Pacific Life bakeng sa selemo sa 5th selemo le selemo Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop. Ho bafuputsi ba bangata, lingaka tsa liphoofolo, le litsebi tsa maano, lena ke lekhetlo la pele ba bonana ho tloha selemong se fetileng. Mme ba bang ba ne ba le batjha ho workshop, empa eseng tshimong, mme le bona ba ile ba fumana metswalle ya kgale. Thupelo e fihletse boholo ba eona ba barupeluoa ba 175, kamora ho qala ka ba 77 feela selemong sa pele.

Ocean Foundation e bile motlotlo ho tšoara ketsahalo ena le ba Pacific Life Foundation, 'me seboka sena se tsoela pele ka mokhoa o motle oa ho fana ka menyetla ea ho ikopanya le bafuputsi ba bang, basebetsi ba masimong lebōpong la leoatle le metsing ka pholoso ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng, le ba seng bakae bao mosebetsi oa bona oa bophelo o pota-potileng maano le melao e sireletsang liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng. . Tennyson Oyler, Mopresidente e mocha oa Pacific Life Foundation, o ile a bula workshop 'me thuto ea qala.

Ho ne ho e-na le litaba tse monate. Porpoise ea boema-kepe e khutletse San Francisco Bay lekhetlo la pele hoo e ka bang lilemo tse mashome a supileng, e behiloe leihlo ke bafuputsi ba nkang monyetla oa likopano tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa porpoise tse jang haufi le Golden Gate Bridge nakong ea maqhubu a matla. Likhoele tse e-s'o ka li e-ba teng tsa malinyane a li-sea lion a ka bang 1600 nakong ea selemo se fetileng ho bonahala ho le bonolo ho ipheta selemong sena. Kutloisiso e ncha ea pokello ea selemo le selemo ea mefuta e meholo e fallang joalo ka maruarua a maholo a maputsoa e lokela ho tšehetsa mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho kopa liphetoho litseleng tsa likepe ho ea Los Angeles le San Francisco nakong ea likhoeli tseo ba leng moo.

Sehlopha sa thapama se ne se tsepamisitse maikutlo ho thuseng bo-rasaense le litsebi tse ling tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng ho pheta lipale tsa bona ka katleho. Sehlopha sa lipuisano se ne se kenyelletsa batho ba limelo tse fapaneng tšimong. Sebui sa lijo tsa mantsiboea e ne e le Dr. Bernd Würsig ea hlahelletseng eo hammoho le mosali oa hae ba qetileng lipatlisiso tse ngata, a tataisa liithuti tse ngata, 'me a tšehetsa boiteko bo bongata ba ho atolosa tšimo ho feta kamoo bo-rasaense ba bangata ba nang le nako, haholo-holo ho etsa monyetla oa ho etsa.

Moqebelo e ne e le letsatsi le ileng la lebisa tlhokomelo ea rona tabeng e ka sehloohong lipuisanong tse ngata mabapi le kamano ea batho le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing: taba ea hore na liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing li lokela ho bolokoa botlamuoeng kapa li ruisetsoe kholehong, ntle le liphoofolo tse pholositsoeng e senyehileng haholo hore e ka phela naheng.

Sebui sa lijo tsa mots'eare se ile sa hlakisa linako tsa thapama: Dr. Lori Marino oa Setsi sa Kimmela sa Bobuelli ba Liphoofolo le Setsi sa Melao ea Boitšoaro Univesithing ea Emory, e bua ka taba ea hore na liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing lia atleha ha li le botlamuoeng. Puo ea hae e ka akaretsoa lintlheng tse latelang, ho itšetlehile ka lipatlisiso tsa hae le phihlelo ea hae e mo lebisitseng boemong bo phahameng ba hore li-cetaceans ha li atlehe botlamuoeng. Hobaneng?

Ntlha ea pele, liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing li bohlale, lia itseba ebile lia ikemela. Ba ikemetse sechabeng ebile ba rarahane—ba ka khetha lithatohatsi har’a sehlopha sa bona sa sechaba.

Ea bobeli, liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing li lokela ho tsamaea; ho ba le tikoloho e fapaneng ea 'mele; ba laola maphelo a bona le ho ba karolo ea metheo ea sechaba.

Ea boraro, liphoofolo tse anyesang tse hapuoeng tsa metsing li na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho shoa. Hape, ha ho na ntlafatso lilemong tse fetang 20 tsa phihlelo ea leruo la liphoofolo.

Ntlha ea bone, ebang ke naheng kapa botlamuoeng, sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu ke tšoaetso, 'me botlamuoeng, tšoaetso e hlaha karolo e' ngoe ea bophelo bo bobe ba meno botlamuoeng ka lebaka la boitšoaro ba botlamuoa feela bo lebisang liphoofolo tsa metsing ho hlafuna (kapa ho leka ho hlafuna. ) holim'a litšepe le konkreite.

Ea bohlano, liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng tse koaletsoeng le tsona li bontša maemo a phahameng a khatello ea maikutlo, e leng se lebisang ho immunosupression le lefu la pele.

Boitšoaro ba botlamuoa ha se tlhaho ho liphoofolo. Mefuta ea boitšoaro e qobelloang ke koetliso ea liphoofolo tsa metsing ho etsa lipontšo e bonahala e lebisa mefuteng ea khatello ea maikutlo e bakang boitšoaro bo sa etsahaleng naheng. Ka mohlala ha ho na litlhaselo tse tiisitsoeng ho batho ke li-orcas tse hlaha. Ho feta moo, o pheha khang ea hore re se re ntse re lebile tlhokomelong e ntlafetseng le tsamaiso ea kamano ea rona le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tse tsoetseng pele haholo tse nang le mekhoa e rarahaneng ea sechaba le mekhoa ea ho falla. Litlou tse fokolang le tse fokolang li bontšoa libakeng tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo hobane li hloka sebaka se seholoanyane le ho sebelisana le batho. Boholo ba marang-rang a laboratori ea lipatlisiso a khaolitse ho etsa liteko ho lichimpanzi le litho tse ling tsa lelapa la litšoene.

Qeto ea Dr. Marino e bile hore botlamuoa ha bo sebetse ho liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing, haholo-holo li-dolphin le li-orcas. O ile a qotsa setsebi sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing Dr. Naomi Rose, ea ileng a bua hamorao letsatsing leo, a re, “mathata [a nahanoang] a hlaha ha se lebaka la ho lokafatsa maemo a botlamuoa.”

Phanele ea thapama e ile ea boela ea bua ka taba ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing tse botlamuoeng, haholo-holo li-orcas le li-dolphin. Ba lumelang hore liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing ha lia lokela ho koalloa ka ho feletseng ba pheha khang ea hore ke nako ea ho emisa mananeo a ho ikatisa a botlamuoeng, ho qapa leano la ho fokotsa palo ea liphoofolo tse botlamuoeng, le ho khaotsa ho tšoara liphoofolo bakeng sa pontšo kapa merero e meng. Ba pheha khang ea hore lik'hamphani tsa boithabiso tse etsang phaello li na le thahasello e matla ea ho ntšetsa pele khopolo ea hore liphoofolo tse anyesang tse bapalang le tse ling tse bontšang lintho tse anyesang tsa leoatleng li ka atleha ha li hlokomeloa hantle, li susumetsoa le ke tikoloho. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, aquaria e rekang liphoofolo tse sa tsoa tšoaroa ho tsoa libakeng tse hlaha tse hole le United States li na le thahasello e joalo, ho phea khang. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore mekhatlo eo le eona e kenya letsoho haholo boitekong bo kopanetsoeng ba ho thusa nakong ea likhoele tsa lianyesi tsa leoatleng, pholoso e hlokahalang, le lipatlisiso tsa mantlha. Basireletsi ba bang ba monyetla oa ho hokahana le liphoofolo tsa 'nete tse anyesang tsa metsing ba bontša hore lipene tsa li-dolphin tsa lipatlisiso tsa sesole sa metsing li bulehile pheletsong e hole le naha. Ha e le hantle, li-dolphin li ka tloha ka bolokolohi ’me tsa khetha ho se tsamaee—bafuputsi ba li hlahlobang ba lumela hore li-dolphin li entse khetho e hlakileng.

Ka kakaretso, ho na le libaka tse pharalletseng tsa tumellano ea 'nete, leha ho na le likarolo tse ling tsa ho se lumellane mabapi le ponts'o, ts'ebetso, le boleng ba lithuto tsa botlamuoa. Ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore:
Liphoofolo tsena ke liphoofolo tse bohlale haholo, tse rarahaneng tse nang le botho bo sa tšoaneng.
Ha se mefuta eohle kapa liphoofolo ka bomong tse loketseng ho bonts'a, e leng se lokelang ho lebisa tlhokomelong e fapaneng (mme mohlomong le ho lokolloa).
Liphoofolo tse ngata tsa metsing tse pholositsoeng li le botlamuoeng li ne li sitoa ho phela naheng ka lebaka la likotsi tse entseng hore li pholosoe.
Re tseba lintho ka physiology ea li-dolphin le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa leoatleng ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa botlamuoa tseo re neng re ke ke ra li tseba.
Mokhoa ona o mabapi le ho fokotseha ha litsi tse nang le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing tse bonts'itsoeng United States le European Union, 'me mokhoa oo o kanna oa tsoela pele, empa o koaletsoe ke pokello e ntseng e eketseha ea liphoofolo tse bonts'itsoeng Asia.
Ho na le mekhoa e metle ea ho boloka liphoofolo botlamuoeng e lokelang ho ts'oaroa le ho phetoa ho litsi tsohle le hore boikitlaetso ba thuto bo lokela ho ba mabifi, le ho ntlafatsoa khafetsa ha re ntse re ithuta haholoanyane.
Merero e lokela ho tsoela pele litsing tse ngata bakeng sa ho felisa ts'ebetso e tlamang ea sechaba ke li-orcas, li-dolphin le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa leoatleng, hobane seo ke tlhoko e ka bang teng ea sechaba le balaoli ba li arabelang.

E ka ba booatla ho etsa eka mahlakore ka bobeli a lumellana ka ho lekaneng ho fihlela qeto e bonolo ea potso ea hore na li-dolphin, orcas, le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa metsing li lokela ho bolokoa botlamuoeng. Maikutlo a sebetsa ka matla mabapi le bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso tsa botlamuoa le ponts'o ea sechaba ho laola likamano tsa batho le baahi ba hlaha. Maikutlo a sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka likhothatso tse entsoeng ke mekhatlo e rekang liphoofolo tse hlaha, sepheo sa phaello bakeng sa mekhatlo e meng, le potso e hloekileng ea boitšoaro mabapi le hore na liphoofolo tse hlaha tse bohlale li lokela ho tšoaroa ka masaka a manyenyane ka lihlopha tsa sechaba e seng khetho ea tsona, kapa hobe le ho feta, botlamuoeng a le mong.

Sephetho sa lipuisano tsa lithupelo se ne se hlakile: ha ho na tekanyo e le 'ngoe e lekanang tharollo eohle e ka kengoang tšebetsong. Mohlomong, leha ho le joalo, re ka qala ka moo mahlakore ohle a lumellanang le ho fallela sebakeng seo tsela eo re tsamaisang lipatlisiso tsa rona ka eona e hlokang meshes le kutloisiso ea rona ea litokelo tsa baahisani ba rona ba leoatle. Thupelo ea selemo le selemo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing e thehile motheo oa ho utloisisana le ha litsebi tsa liphoofolo tsa metsing li sa lumellane. Ke e 'ngoe ea liphetho tse ngata tse ntle tsa kopano ea selemo le selemo ka hore re khone ho etsa joalo.

Ho The Ocean Foundation, re khothaletsa ts'ireletso le paballo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing 'me re sebeletsa ho tseba mekhoa e metle ea ho laola likamano tsa batho le libopuoa tsena tse ntlehali ho arolelana tharollo le sechaba sa lianyesi tsa leoatleng lefats'eng lohle. Letlole la rona la Seamusi sa Marine ke koloi e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho tšehetsa boiteko ba rona ba ho etsa joalo.