Liphoofolo Tse Anyesang Tsa Leoatleng ke Bo-mang?

Ka Michael Stocker, Motsamaisi oa Mothehi oa Patlisiso ea Paballo ea Leoatle, morero oa The Ocean Foundation

Ha batho ba tikolohong ea tikoloho ba nahana ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing, hangata maruarua a ka holimo lethathamong. Empa ho na le liphoofolo tse ling tse ngata tse anyesang tse ka ketekang khoeli ena. The Pinnipeds, kapa litiiso tse “fin footed” le litau tsa leoatle; li-Mustelids tsa metsing - li-otters, tse mongobo ka ho fetisisa har'a meloko ea tsona; li-Sirene tse kenyelletsang li-dugong le li-manatee; ’me bere e polar, e nkoang e le phoofolo e anyesang ea metsing hobane e qeta boholo ba bophelo ba eona e le ka metsing kapa ka holim’a metsi.

Mohlomong ke hobane'ng ha li-cetaceans li susumetsa mehopolo ea rona e kopanetsoeng ho feta liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa leoatleng ke hobane bokamoso ba batho le litšōmo li 'nile tsa lohelloa ka mokhoa o ke keng oa aroloa ho liphoofolo tsena ka lilemo tse likete. Ketsahalo e mpe ea Jonase le leruarua ke ketsahalo e 'ngoe eo re lokelang ho e hōlisa (eo qetellong Jonase a sa kang a bolaoa ke leruarua). Empa joalo ka sebini ke boetse ke rata ho arolelana pale ea Arion - sebini se seng sa lilemo tse ka bang 700 BCE se pholositsoe ke li-dolphin hobane o ne a tsejoa e le sebini-'moho le eena.

Pale ea Cliff Note ea pale ea Arion e ne e le hore o ne a khutla leetong a nkile sefuba se tletseng matlotlo ao a a fumaneng ha a lefa 'li-gigs' tsa hae ha a le bohareng ba leeto basesisi ba sekepe sa hae ba etsa qeto ea hore ba batla sefuba 'me ba ea. ho lahlela Arion lewatleng. Ha a hlokomela hore taba ea ho buisana le basebetsi-’moho le eena ka sekepeng e ne e le sieo likareteng, Arion o ile a botsa hore na a ka bina pina ea ho qetela pele barufi ba mo lahla. Ha li utloa molaetsa o tebileng pineng ea Arion li-dolphin li ile tsa fihla ho tla mo bokella ho tsoa leoatleng le ho mo isa naheng.

Ehlile tšebelisano ea rona e 'ngoe e makatsang le maruarua e kenyelletsa indasteri ea ho tšoasa maruarua ea lilemo tse 300 e khantšitseng le ho tlotsa litoropo tse kholo tsa linaha tsa Bophirima le tsa Europe - ho fihlela maruarua a felile kaofela (limilione tsa liphoofolo tse kholo li ile tsa felisoa, haholo lilemong tse 75 tse fetileng. tsa indasteri).

Li-whale li ile tsa hlaha hape ho sonar ea sechaba ka mor'a 1970 Lipina tsa Leruarua la Humpback album e ile ea hopotsa sechaba se seholo hore maruarua e ne e se feela mekotla ea nama le oli e lokelang ho fetoloa chelete; ho e-na le hoo e ne e le libata tse nang le maikutlo tse phelang litsong tse rarahaneng le tse binang lipina tse hlasimollang. Ho ile ha nka lilemo tse fetang 14 hore qetellong ho behoe thibelo ea ho tšoasa maruarua lefatšeng ka bophara, kahoo ntle le linaha tse tharo tse mabifi tsa Japane, Norway, le Iceland, maruarua ’ohle a khoebo a felile ka 1984.

Le hoja basesisi ba likepe ho theosa le histori ba tsebile hore leoatle le tletse mermaids, naiads, selkies le siren kaofela ba bina lipina tsa bona tse bohloko, tse hlasimollang le tse monate, e ne e le taba ea morao tjena lipina tsa maruarua tse entseng hore lipatlisiso tsa saense li mamelle melumo eo. liphoofolo tsa metsing etsa. Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng ho fumanoe hore liphoofolo tse ngata leoatleng - ho tloha ho likorale, ho ea ho litlhapi, ho ea ho li-dolphin - kaofela li na le kamano e itseng ea bioacoustic le sebaka sa tsona sa bolulo.

E meng ea melumo - haholo-holo tse tsoang litlhapi ha li nkoe li thahasellisa haholo ho batho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng (kapa fene e ’ngoe) lipina tsa liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang tsa metsing e ka ba tsa ’nete e rarahaneng ebile e ntle. Le ha maqhubu a li-bio-sonar tsa li-dolphin le li-porpoise a le holimo haholo hore re ka li utloa, melumo ea tsona ea sechaba e ka ba ka har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea maikutlo a batho 'me ea hlasimolla. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, melumo e mengata ea maruarua a maholo a baleen e tlaase hoo re ke keng ra e utloa, kahoo re tlameha ho e “potlakisa” hore re e utloisise. Empa ha li behiloe sebakeng seo batho ba li utloang li ka boela tsa utloahala li hlasimolla maikutlo, ho lla ha maruarua a minke ho ka utloahala eka ke cricket, 'me lipina tsa ho tsamaea tsa maruarua a maputsoa ha li hlalosehe.

Empa tsena ke cetaceans feela; lihlahisoa tse ngata - haholo-holo ba lulang libakeng tsa polar moo ho renang lefifi ka linako tse itseng tsa selemo ho na le molumo oa lentsoe oa lefatše lesele. Haeba u ne u tsamaea ka sekepe Leoatleng la Weddell 'me u utloa tiiso ea Weddell, kapa leoatleng la Beaufort' me u utloa tiiso ea litelu ka har'a letlalo la hau u ka ipotsa hore na u iphumane u le polaneteng e 'ngoe.

Re na le lintlha tse seng kae feela tsa hore na melumo ena e makatsang e kena joang boitšoarong ba lianyesi tsa leoatleng; seo ba se utloang, le seo ba se etsang ka eona, empa kaha liphoofolo tse ngata tsa leoatleng li 'nile tsa ikamahanya le sebaka sa tsona sa leoatle ka lilemo tse limilione tse 20-30 ho ka etsahala hore likarabo tsa lipotso tsena li ka ntle ho kutloisiso ea rona.
Lebaka le leng le le leng la ho keteka beng ka rona ba anyesang ba metsing.

© 2014 Michael Stocker
Michael ke motsamaisi ea thehileng oa Ocean Conservation Research, lenaneo la Ocean Foundation le batlang ho utloisisa litlamorao tsa lerata le hlahisoang ke batho tikolohong ea leoatle. Buka ea hae ea morao tjena Utloa Moo re leng Teng: Molumo, Ecology, le Boikutlo ba Sebaka e hlahloba kamoo batho le liphoofolo tse ling ba sebelisang molumo ho theha kamano ea bona le tikoloho ea bona.