Abin Al'ajabi Na 8 na Duniya: Barazanar Ma'adinai ga Al'adunmu na Karkashin Ruwa

daga jaka filastik to sabbin halittun teku da aka gano, kasan tekun yana cike da rayuwa, kyakkyawa, da kuma alamun rayuwar ɗan adam.

Labarun ɗan adam, al'adu, da imani suna cikin waɗannan alamun, ban da ɓarkewar jirgin ruwa na zahiri, ragowar ɗan adam, da kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi waɗanda ke kwance akan benen teku. A cikin tarihi, mutane sun yi tafiya a cikin teku a matsayin mutane masu tafiya a teku, suna samar da sababbin hanyoyi zuwa kasashe masu nisa da kuma barin jiragen ruwa daga yanayi, yaƙe-yaƙe, da kuma lokacin bautar Atlantika na Afirka. Al'adu a duniya sun haɓaka dangantaka ta kud da kud da rayuwar ruwa, tsirrai, da ruhin teku. 

a 2001, al'ummomin duniya sun taru don ganewa da haɓaka ma'ana da kariya ga wannan tarihin ɗan adam na gama-gari. Wadancan tattaunawar, tare da fiye da shekaru 50 na ayyukan bangarori daban-daban, sun haifar da amincewa da kafa kalmar laima "Al'adun gargajiya na karkashin ruwa," galibi ana rage su zuwa UCH.

Tattaunawa game da UCH suna girma godiya ga Shekaru Goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Kimiyyar Teku don Ci gaba mai dorewa. Batutuwan UCH sun sami karbuwa saboda Babban taron Tekun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2022 da haɓaka ayyukan hako ma'adinai na tekun a cikin ruwan duniya - wanda kuma aka sani da Deep Seabed Mining (DSM). Kuma, an tattauna UCH a duk lokacin 2023 Maris International Seabed Authority tarurruka yayin da ƙasashe ke muhawara game da makomar dokokin DSM.

tare da 80% na gadon teku ba a taswira ba, DSM yana haifar da ɗimbin barazana ga sanannen, wanda ake tsammani, da kuma wanda ba a san UCH ba a cikin teku. Ba a san iyakar lalacewar muhallin ruwa ta injinan DSM na kasuwanci ba kuma yana barazana ga UCH da ke cikin ruwa na duniya. Sakamakon haka, kariyar UCH ta fito a matsayin abin damuwa daga ƴan asalin tsibirin Pacific - waɗanda ke da tarihin kakanni da kuma alaƙar al'adu ga zurfin teku da murjani polyps waɗanda ke zaune a can - ban da Amurkawa da zuriyar Afirka na Zamanin Transatlantic na Bautar Afirka, a tsakanin mutane da yawa.

Menene Deep Seabed Mining (DSM)? Menene mulkin shekaru biyu?

Duba shafin mu na gabatarwa da shafin bincike don ƙarin bayani!

Gabatarwa ga DSM

Shafin Bincike na DSM

A halin yanzu UCH tana da kariya a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Kare Al'adun Al'adun Karkashin Ruwa na 2001 (UNESCO).

Ya zuwa yanzu, kasashe 71 sun amince da yarjejeniyar, inda suka amince da:

• hana cin kasuwa da tarwatsa Al'adun Karkashin Ruwa;
• tabbatar da cewa za a adana wannan gadon don nan gaba kuma ya kasance a ainihin inda aka samo shi;
• taimakawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa da abin ya shafa;
• ba da damar haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da musayar ilimi; kuma
• ba da damar haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa mai inganci kamar yadda aka gani a cikin Majalisar UNESCO rubutu.

The Shekaru Goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Kimiyyar Teku, 2021-2030, ya fara tare da amincewa da Shirin Tsarin Al'adu (CHFP), Shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Action da nufin haɗa haɗin tarihi da al'adu tare da teku cikin kimiyya da siyasa. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko na CHFP na tsawon shekaru goma yana binciken UCH na Dutsen Tidal Weirs, wani nau'i na hanyar tarko kifaye bisa ilimin muhalli na gargajiya da aka samu a Micronesia, Japan, Faransa, da China. 

Waɗannan magudanar ruwa misali ɗaya ne na UCH da ƙoƙarin duniya don sanin tarihin mu na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Yayin da mambobi na Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya (ISA) ke aiki don sanin yadda za a kare UCH, mataki na farko shine fahimtar abin da ya fada cikin babban nau'in al'adun gargajiya na karkashin ruwa. 

UCH na wanzuwa a duniya da kuma fadin teku.

*bayanin kula: tekun duniya guda daya yana hade da ruwa, kuma kowanne daga cikin wadannan tafkunan tekun sun dogara ne akan yadda dan Adam yake kallon wurare. Za'a sa ran jeri tsakanin rafukan "teku" mai suna.

Atlantic Ocean

tekun Pacific

Tekun Indiya

Hanyoyin Ciniki na Turai na Pacific

Daga ƙarshen karni na sha shida, yawancin ƙasashen Turai, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Portuguese da Dutch, sun haɓaka Kamfanonin Kasuwancin Gabashin Indiya tare da gudanar da kasuwanci a duk yankin Pacific. Wadannan Wasu lokuta an yi hasarar jiragen ruwa a cikin teku. Shaidu daga waɗannan tafiye-tafiye suna zubar da ruwa a cikin tekun Atlantika, Kudancin, Indiya, da Tekun Pasifik.

Tekun Kudancin

Binciken Antarctic

Rushewar jiragen ruwa, ragowar ɗan adam, da sauran alamomin tarihin ɗan adam wani sashe ne na zahiri na binciken ruwan Antarctic. A cikin yankin Antarctic na Burtaniya kadai, 9+ rushewar jiragen ruwa da sauran wuraren UCH na sha'awa an samo su daga ƙoƙarin binciken. Bugu da kari, Tsarin Yarjejeniyar Antarctic ya yarda da babban birnin San Telmo, wani jirgin ruwa na Sipaniya tun farkon shekarun 1800 ba tare da wanda ya tsira ba, a matsayin wurin tarihi.

Tekun Arctic

Hanyoyi ta Arctic Ice

Kama da UCH da aka samu kuma ake tsammani a cikin Tekun Kudu da ruwan Antarctic, tarihin ɗan adam a cikin Tekun Arctic yana da alaƙa da tantance hanyoyin shiga wasu ƙasashe. Jiragen ruwa da yawa ya daskare ya nutse, ba wanda ya tsira yayin yunƙurin tafiya yankin arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma tsakanin shekarun 1800-1900. An yi asarar jiragen ruwa sama da 150 a cikin wannan lokacin.

Waɗannan misalan suna nuna kaɗan daga cikin al'adun gado, tarihi, da al'adu waɗanda ke nuna alaƙar ɗan adam da teku, tare da yawancin waɗannan misalan waɗanda aka ƙuntata don binciken da aka kammala tare da ruwan tabarau da hangen nesa na Yamma. A cikin tattaunawa a kusa da UCH, haɗa nau'ikan bincike, asali, da hanyoyin haɗa duka ilimin gargajiya da na Yamma yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da samun daidaito da kariya ga kowa. Yawancin wannan UCH yana cikin ruwa na duniya kuma yana cikin haɗari daga DSM, musamman idan DSM ta ci gaba ba tare da amincewa da UCH da matakan kariya ba. Wakilai a matakin kasa da kasa sune a halin yanzu ana tattaunawa yadda don yin haka, amma hanyar gaba ba ta da tabbas.

Gidauniyar Ocean Foundation ta yi imanin cewa ba dole ba ne a hanzarta aiwatar da ci gaban da ke tattare da DSM ba, musamman ba tare da tuntuɓar ko tuntuɓar juna ba. dukan masu ruwa da tsaki. ISA kuma tana buƙatar yin aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki da aka sanar da su, musamman ƴan asalin yankin Pacific, don fahimta da kare al'adun su a matsayin wani ɓangare na gadon ɗan adam. Muna goyan bayan dakatarwa sai dai kuma har sai ka'idoji sun kasance aƙalla masu kariya kamar dokar ƙasa.  

Ƙaddamarwar DSM ta sami karɓuwa da sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, tare da kasashe 14 sun amince a kan wani nau'i na dakatarwa ko dakatar da aikin. Haɗin kai tare da masu ruwa da tsaki da haɗa ilimin gargajiya, musamman daga ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar da sanannun alaƙar kakanni da gaɓar teku, yakamata a haɗa su cikin duk tattaunawa a kusa da UCH. Muna buƙatar amincewar da ta dace na UCH da alaƙarta da al'ummomin duniya, don mu iya kare al'adun ɗan adam, kayan tarihi na zahiri, haɗin gwiwar al'adu, da haɗin gwiwarmu tare da teku.