Mohlolo oa Borobeli oa Lefatše: Kotsi ea Merafo ho Lefa la rona la Setso ka Tlas'a Metsi

From mekotla ea polasetiki ho dibopuwa tsa lewatle tse sa tswa sibolloa, botlaaseng ba leoatle ho tletse bophelo, botle le mehlala ea bophelo ba batho.

Lipale tsa batho, litloaelo le litumelo li har'a mesaletsa ena, ntle le ho soahlamana ha sekepe, mesaletsa ea batho, le lintho tsa khale tsa khale tse holim'a leoatle. Ho theosa le histori, batho ba ’nile ba haola le leoatle e le batho ba tsamaeang ka leoatleng, ba etsa litsela tse ncha tse eang linaheng tse hōle ’me ba siea ho soahlamana ha likepe ka lebaka la boemo ba leholimo, lintoa, le mehla ea bokhoba ba Afrika e tšelang Atlantic. Meetlo lefatšeng ka bophara e thehile likamano tse haufi le bophelo ba leoatle, limela le moea oa leoatle. 

a 2001, lichaba tsa lefats'e li ile tsa kopana ho lemoha le ho hlahisa tlhaloso le tšireletso bakeng sa histori ena e kopanetsoeng ea batho. Lipuisano tseo, hammoho le lilemo tse fetang 50 tsa mosebetsi oa machaba, li ile tsa fella ka ho ananeloa le ho thehoa ha sekhele sa "Underwater Cultural Heritage," hangata e khutsufatsoang ho UCH.

Lipuisano ka UCH li ntse li eketseha ka lebaka la Lilemo tse Leshome tsa Machaba a Kopaneng bakeng sa Saense ea Leoatle bakeng sa Tsoelo-pele ea Moshoelella. Mathata a UCH a fumane kananelo ka lebaka la Seboka sa Leoatle la UN sa 2022 le ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha mabapi le merafo e ka bang teng botebong ba leoatle metsing a machaba - e tsejoang hape e le Deep Seabed Mining (DSM). 'Me, UCH e ile ea buisanoa ka nako eohle 2023 March International Seabed Authority likopano ha linaha li ntse li buisana ka bokamoso ba melaoana ea DSM.

le 80% ea maoatle a leoatle a sa etsoa 'mapa, DSM e hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea litšokelo ho UCH e tsebahalang, e lebelletsoeng, le e sa tsejoeng leoatleng. Tekanyo e sa tsejoeng ea tšenyo ea tikoloho ea leoatle ka mechine ea khoebo ea DSM e boetse e sokela UCH e teng metsing a machaba. Ka lebaka leo, tšireletso ea UCH e hlahile e le taba ea ho ameha ho tsoa ho batho ba matsoalloa a Sehlekehlekeng sa Pacific - ba nang le histori e pharaletseng ea baholo-holo le likamano tsa setso le leoatle le tebileng le li-polyps tsa coral ba lulang moo - ho phaella ho litloholo tsa Amerika le tsa Afrika tsa Mehla ea Transatlantic ea Bokhoba ba Afrika, har'a tse ling tse ngata.

Deep Seabed Mining (DSM) ke eng? Molao oa lilemo tse peli ke ofe?

Sheba blog ea rona ea selelekela le leqephe la lipatlisiso bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi!

Selelekela sa DSM

Leqephe la Lipatlisiso la DSM

Hona joale UCH e sirelelitsoe tlas'a Tumellano ea 2001 ea United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) mabapi le Tšireletso ea Lefa la Setso sa Tlas'a Metsi.

Ho fihlela joale, linaha tse 71 li ananetse kopano, li lumellana le:

• thibela tlhekefetso ea khoebo le ho hasana ha Lefats'e la Setso sa Tlas'a Metsi;
• tiisetso ea hore lefa lena le tla bolokeloa kamoso le hore le be sebakeng sa lona sa mantlha, se fumanoeng;
• thusa indasteri ea bohahlauli e amehang;
• thusa kaho ea bokhoni le phapanyetsano ea tsebo; le
• etsa hore tšebelisano e atlehileng ea machaba joalo ka ha ho bonoa ho Kopano ea UNESCO mongolo.

The Lilemo tse leshome tsa UN tsa Saense ea Leoatle, 2021-2030, e qalile ka tumello ea Lenaneo la Moralo oa Lefa la Setso (CHFP), lilemo tse leshome tsa UN Action ka sepheo sa ho kopanya kamano ea nalane le setso le maoatle ho saense le leano. E 'ngoe ea merero ea pele e tšoaroang ke CHFP bakeng sa Lilemo tse Leshome e batlisisa UCH ea Lithaba tsa Lejoe la Lejoe, mofuta oa mokhoa oa ho tšoasa litlhapi o thehiloeng tsebong e tloaelehileng ea tikoloho e fumanoang Micronesia, Japane, Fora le Chaena. 

Maqhubu ana a leoatle ke mohlala o le mong feela oa UCH le boiteko ba lefats'e ba ho amohela nalane ea rona e ka tlas'a metsi. Ha litho tsa Lekhotla la Machaba la Leoatle la Leoatle (ISA) li ntse li sebetsa ho fumana hore na li ka sireletsa UCH joang, mohato oa pele ke ho utloisisa hore na ke eng e oelang sehlopheng se pharaletseng sa Underwater Cultural Heritage. 

UCH e teng lefatšeng ka bophara le ka mose ho maoatle.

*hlokomela: leoatle le le leng la lefats'e le hokahane ebile le na le metsi, 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea libaka tse latelang tsa leoatle e ipapisitse le maikutlo a batho ka libaka. Ho lebelletsoe hore ho ka lebelloa ho kopana lipakeng tsa "leoatle" tse bitsoang.

Leoatleng la Atlantic

leoatle la phasifiki

Leoatle la India

Litsela tsa Khoebo tsa Europe Pacific

Ho tloha bofelong ba lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo, linaha tse ngata tsa Europe, tse etelletsoeng pele ke Mapotoketsi le Madache, li ile tsa ntlafala East India Trading Companies 'me tsa etsa khoebo ho pholletsa le sebaka sa Pacific. Tsena ka linako tse ling likepe li ne li lahleha leoatleng. Bopaki bo tsoang maetong ana a likepe bo hasane fatše Leoatleng la Atlantic, la Boroa, la India le la Pacific.

Leoatle le ka Boroa

Tlhahlobo ea Antarctic

Ho soahlamana ha likepe, mesaletsa ea batho le matšoao a mang a histori ea batho ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho hlahlojoa ha metsi a Antarctic. Ka har'a sebaka sa Brithani sa Antarctic Territory feela, 9+ ho soahlamana ha likepe le libaka tse ling tsa UCH tse thahasellisang li fumanoe ho tloha boitekong ba ho hlahloba. Ho feta moo, Antarctic Treaty System e amohela ho senyeha ha San Telmo, sekepe sa Spain se soahlamaneng ho tloha mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1800 ho se na baphonyohi, e le sebaka sa histori.

Leoatle la Arctic

Litsela tsa Arctic Ice

Joalo ka UCH e fumanoeng le e lebelletsoeng Leoatleng le ka Boroa le metsing a Antarctic, nalane ea batho Leoatleng la Arctic e tlameletsoe ho khetholla litsela tsa ho fihlella linaheng tse ling. Likepe tse ngata a hoama ’me a teba, a siea ho se mophonyohi ha u ntse u leka ho tsamaea litemaneng tse ka leboea-bochabela le leboea-bophirima lipakeng tsa 1800s-1900s. Ho ile ha lahleheloa ke likepe tse fetang 150 nakong ena.

Mehlala ena e bonts'a karoloana feela ea lefa, nalane le setso tse bonts'ang khokahano ea maoatle a batho, 'me boholo ba mehlala ena e tlameha ho etsoa lipatlisiso tse phethiloeng ka lense le pono ea Bophirimela. Lipuisanong tse pota-potileng UCH, ho kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lipatlisiso, semelo, le mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa tsebo ea setso le ea Bophirima ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa phihlello e lekanang le ts'ireletso bakeng sa bohle. Boholo ba UCH ena bo fumaneha metsing a machaba 'me bo kotsing ho tloha DSM, haholo-holo haeba DSM e tsoela pele ntle le ho amohela UCH le mehato ea ho e sireletsa. Baemeli boemong ba machaba ba ha joale ho buisanoa hore na joang ho etsa joalo, empa tsela ea ho ea pele e ntse e sa hlaka.

Ocean Foundation e lumela hore nts'etsopele ea taolo e potileng DSM ha ea lokela ho potlakisoa, haholo ntle le lipuisano kapa lipuisano le bohle ba amehang. ISA e boetse e hloka ho sebelisana ka mafolofolo le bankakarolo ba nang le tsebo pele, haholo-holo matsoalloa a Pacific, ho utloisisa le ho sireletsa lefa la bona e le karolo ea lefa le tloaelehileng la batho. Re ts'ehetsa ho emisa ntle le haeba melaoana bonyane e sireletsa joalo ka molao oa naha.  

Moratorium ea DSM e ntse e eketseha le lebelo lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, le linaha tse 14 tse lumellanang ka mokgoa o itseng wa ho kgefutsa kapa ho thibela mokgoa. Ho sebelisana le ba amehang le ho kenyeletsoa ha tsebo ea setso, haholo-holo ho tsoa lihlopheng tsa matsoalloa a nang le likhokahano tse tsebahalang tsa baholo-holo botlaaseng ba leoatle, li lokela ho kenyelletsoa lipuisanong tsohle tse potolohileng UCH. Re hloka tumello e nepahetseng ea UCH le likamano tsa eona le sechaba ho pota lefatše lohle, e le hore re ka sireletsa lefa le tloaelehileng la batho, lintho tse entsoeng ka matsoho, likamano tsa setso, le kamano ea rona e kopanetsoeng le leoatle.