Gungwa

Uswa hwegungwa maruva anomera mumvura isina kudzika uye anowanikwa mumahombekombe ekondinendi yese kunze kweAntarctica. Seagrasses haingope akakosha ecosystem masevhisi senzvimbo dzegungwa, asi zvakare anoshanda seyakavimbika sosi yekabhoni sequestration. Huswa hwegungwa hunotora 0.1% yepasi pegungwa, asi hune mutoro we11% ye organic carbon yakavigwa mugungwa. Pakati pe2–7% yemafuro epasi emugungwa, mangrove nemamwe manyoro emumhenderekedzo yegungwa anorasika gore negore.

Kuburikidza neSeaGrass Yedu Kura Blue Carbon Calculator unogona kuverenga yako kabhoni tsoka, kugadzirisa kuburikidza nekudzoreredza huswa hwegungwa uye kudzidza nezve mapurojekiti edu ekudzoreredza kwemahombekombe.
Pano, takanyora zvimwe zvezvakanakisa zviwanikwa pauswa hwegungwa.

Chokwadi Sheets uye Flyers

Pidgeon, E., Herr, D., Fonseca, L. (2011). Kuderedza Carbon Emissions uye Kukwirisa Carbon Sequestration uye Kuchengetwa neSeagrasses, Tidal Marshes, Mangroves - Kurudziro kubva kuInternational Working Group paCoastal Blue Carbon.
Iyi pepa pfupi inoda kuti zviitwe nekukasika kudzivirira huswa hwegungwa, machakwi nemangowe kuburikidza ne1) kukwidziridzwa kwenyika nepasirese kuedza kwekutorwa kwekabhoni yegungwa, 2) yakagadziridzwa matanho ekutonga emunharaunda needunhu zvichienderana neruzivo rwazvino rwezvinobuda kubva kumhepo yakasvibiswa yegungwa. 3) yakawedzera kucherechedzwa kwepasirese kwemahombekombe kabhoni ecosystems.  

"Seagrass: Pfuma Yakavanzika." Chokwadi Sheet rakagadzirwa Yunivhesiti yeMaryland Center yeEnvironmental Science Integration & Application Network Zvita 2006.

"Seagrasses: Mirinda yeGungwa." yakagadzira Yunivhesiti yeMaryland Center yeEnvironment Science Integration & Application Network Zvita 2006.

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Press Releases, Statements, uye Policy Briefs

Chan, F., nevamwe. (2016). Iyo West Coast Ocean Acidification uye Hypoxia Sayenzi Panel: Zvakakura Zvakawanikwa, Kurudziro, uye Zviito. California Ocean Science Trust.
Boka resainzi rine nhengo makumi maviri rinoyambira kuti kuwedzera kwekubuda kwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi kwepasi rose kuri kuita acidifying mvura yeNorth American West Coast pamwero unowedzera. The West Coast OA neHypoxia panel inokurudzira kuongorora nzira dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwehuswa hwegungwa kubvisa carbon dioxide mumvura yegungwa semushonga wekutanga kuOA kumahombekombe ekumadokero.

Florida Roundtable paOcean Acidification: Mushumo weMusangano. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL Gunyana 2, 2015
MunaGunyana 2015, Ocean Conservancy neMote Marine Laboratory vakabatana kuti vatore tafura yeraundi yeasidhi yegungwa muFlorida yakagadzirirwa kukurumidzira nhaurirano yeruzhinji nezve OA muFlorida. Seagrass ecosystems inoita basa rakakura muFlorida uye chirevo chinokurudzira kuchengetedzwa uye kudzoreredzwa kwemafuro egungwa e1) ecosystem masevhisi 2) sechikamu chechikamu chezviitwa zvinofambisa dunhu kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwegungwa acid.

Reports

Conservation International. (2008). Economic Values ​​of Coral Reefs, Mangroves, uye Seagrasses: A Global Compilation. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
Kabhuku aka kanounganidza mhedzisiro yezviongorori zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukosheswa kwehupfumi pamusoro penzvimbo dzinopisa dzegungwa negungwa reef ecosystem pasi rose. Ichiri kuburitswa muna 2008, bepa iri richiri kupa gwara rinobatsira kune kukosha kwemahombekombe ecosystem, kunyanya mumamiriro ekugona kwavo kweblue carbon uptake.

Cooley, S., Ono, C., Melcer, S. uye Roberson, J. (2016). Nharaunda-Level Zviito zvinogona Kugadzirisa Ocean Acidification. Ocean Acidification Chirongwa, Ocean Conservancy. Mberi. Mar. Sci.
Chirevo ichi chinosanganisira tafura inobatsira yezviito zvingatorwa nenharaunda munharaunda kurwisa acidization yegungwa, kusanganisira kudzoreredza oyster reef nemibhedha yehuswa hwegungwa.

Iyo Florida Boating Access Facilities Inventory uye Economic Study, kusanganisira chidzidzo chemutyairi weLee County. Nyamavhuvhu 2009. 
Uyu mushumo wakakura weFlorida Fish uye Wildlife Conservation Commission pamusoro pezviitwa zvechikepe muFlorida, maitiro avo ehupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kukosha kweseagrass kunounza kunharaunda yekutandarira yezvikepe.

Hall, M., nevamwe. (2006). Kugadzira Matekinoroji eKuvandudza Mareti ekudzoreredza ePropeller Scars muTurtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) Meadows. Chirevo chekupedzisira kuUSFWS.
Florida Fish neWildlife yakapihwa mari yekutsvagisa maitiro akananga ezviitiko zvevanhu pauswa hwegungwa, kunyanya hunhu hwevabhoti muFlorida, uye nzira dzakanakisa dzekupora kwayo nekukurumidza.

Laffoley, D.d'A. & Grimsditch, G. (eds). (2009). Kutungamirirwa kwechisikigo chegungwa carbon inonyura. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 53 pp
Chirevo ichi chinopa yakakwana asi yakapusa maongororo emahombekombe egungwa anonyura. Yakaburitswa sechishandiso kwete chete kutsanangura kukosha kweizvi ecosystems mublue kabhoni sequestration, asi zvakare kuratidza kudiwa kwekutonga kwakanaka uye kwakaringana mukuchengeta iyo sequestered kabhoni muvhu.

"Mienzaniso yePropeller Scarring yeSeagrass muFlorida Bay Masangano ane Physical and Visitor Use Factors and Implications for Natural Resource Management - Resource Evaluation Report - SFNRC Technical Series 2008: 1." South Florida Natural Resources Center
National Park Service (South Florida Natural Resources Center - Everglades National Park) inoshandisa mifananidzo yemuchadenga kuona mavanga epropeller uye mwero wehuswa hwegungwa hwekupora muflorida Bay, hunodiwa nemamaneja emapaki uye veruzhinji kuti vavandudze utariri hwezviwanikwa.

Kuturikira mufananidzo Kiyi ye2011 Indian River Lagoon Seagrass Mapping Project. 2011. Yakagadzirirwa naDewberry. 
Mapoka maviri muFlorida akaita chibvumirano cheDewberry chepurojekiti yekugadzira mepu yeuswa hwegungwa kuIndian River Lagoon kuti awane mifananidzo yemudenga yeIndian River Lagoon yose mudhijitari uye kugadzira mepu yakazara ye2011 yeuswa hwegungwa nekududzira mufananidzo uyu nedata rechokwadi.

US Fish & Wildlife Service Report kuCongress. (2011). "Mamiriro uye Maitiro eWetlands muConterminous United States 2004 kusvika 2009."
Chirevo chemubatanidzwa chinosimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzemvura dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzeAmerica dziri kunyangarika nekukurumidza, sekureva kwemubatanidzwa wenyika wemapoka ezvemamiriro ekunze nevemitambo ane chekuita nehutano nekuchengetedzeka kwenharaunda dzemahombekombe egungwa.

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Nyaya Nyaya

Cullen-Insworth, L. uye Unsworth, R. 2018. "Chikumbiro chekuchengetedzwa kweuswa hwegungwa". Science, Vol. 361, Chinyorwa 6401, 446-448.
Seagrasses inopa pekugara kumarudzi mazhinji uye inopa akakosha ecosystem masevhisi akadai sekusefa sediments uye hutachiona muchikamu chemvura, pamwe nekudzikisira simba remahombekombe egungwa. Kudzivirirwa kwezvipenyu izvi kwakakosha nekuda kwebasa rakakosha reuswa hwemugungwa mukuderedza mamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu. 

Blandon, A., zu Ermgassen, PSE 2014. "Kufungidzirwa kwehuwandu hwekuwedzerwa kwehove dzekutengesa nekugara kweuswa hwegungwa kumaodzanyemba kweAustralia." Estuarine, Mhenderekedzo uye Sherufu Sainzi 141.
Ongororo iyi inotarisa kukosha kwemafuro emugungwa senzvimbo dzinochengeterwa hove gumi nenhatu dzekutengesa uye ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kukoshesa kwehuswa hwemugungwa nevane chekuita nemahombekombe.

Camp EF, Suggett DJ, Gendron G, Jompa J, Manfrino C uye Smith DJ. (2016). Mangrove uye mibhedha yegungwa inopa akasiyana biogeochemical masevhisi kumakorari ari kutyisidzirwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mberi. Mar. Sci. 
Pfungwa huru yechidzidzo ichi ndeyekuti huswa hwemugungwa hunopa masevhisi akawanda kurwisa acidization yegungwa kupfuura mangrove. Huswa hwemugungwa hunokwanisa kuderedza kukanganiswa kweasidhi yegungwa kumatombo ari pedyo nekuchengetedza mamiriro akanaka emakemikari ekuti reef calcification.

Campbell, JE, Lacey, EA,. Decker, RA, Crools, S., Fourquean, JW 2014. “Carbon Storage in Seagrass Beds of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.” Coastal neEstuarine Research Federation.
Chidzidzo ichi chakakosha nekuti vanyori vanosarudza kuongorora mafuro asina magwaro emugungwa eArabian Gulf, vachinzwisisa ipapo kuti tsvakiridzo yehuswa hwegungwa inogona kurerekera parutivi zvichibva pakushaikwa kwekusiyana kwedata redunhu. Vanoona kuti nepo uswa huri muGulf chitoro huine mwero chete wecarbon, kuvapo kwahwo kwakakura pamwe chete kunochengeta chitsama chikuru checarbon.

 Carruthers, T.,van Tussenbroek, B., Dennison, W.2005. Kupesvedzera zvitubu zvepasi pemvura uye mvura yetsvina pane zvinovaka muviri zveCaribbean seagrass meadows. Estuarine, Coastal uye Sherufu Sainzi 64, 191-199.
Chidzidzo mukati meuswa hwegungwa hweCaribbean uye dhigirii redunhu pesvedzero yezvakatipoteredza zvezvitubu zvaro zvepasi pemvura zvakasarudzika zvine pakugadzirisa zvinovaka muviri.

Duarte, C., Dennison, W., Orth, R., Carruthers, T. 2008. The Charisma of Coastal Ecosystems: Addressing the Imbalance. Hova nemahombekombe: J CERF 31:233–238
Chinyorwa ichi chinodaidzira kuti midhiya yakawanda itarise uye kutsvagisa kupihwa kumahombekombe ecosystem, senge uswa hwegungwa uye mangrove. Kushaikwa kwetsvakiridzo kunotungamira mukushaikwa kwechiito chekudzivirira kurasikirwa kweiyo yakakosha yemahombekombe ecosystem.

Ezcurra, P., Ezcurra, E., Garcillán, P., Costa, M., uye Aburto-Oropeza, O. (2016). Mhenderekedzo yegungwa uye kuunganidzwa kwemangrove peat kunowedzera kabhoni sequestration uye kuchengetedza. Nyaya dzeNational Academy of Sciences yeUnited States of America.
Ongororo iyi inoona kuti mangrove muMexico yakaoma kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, inogara isingasviki 1% yenzvimbo yepasi, asi inochengeta chikamu che28% cheiyo yakazara pasi pevhu kabhoni yedunhu rose. Kunyangwe iwo madiki, mangrove uye organic sediments inomiririra kusaenzana nepasi rose kabhoni sequestration uye kabhoni kuchengetedza.

Fonseca, M., Julius, B., Kenworthy, WJ 2000. “Kubatanidza biology nehupfumi mukudzoreredza huswa hwegungwa: Zvakakwana zvakadii uye nei?” Ecological Engineering 15 (2000) 227-237
Chidzidzo ichi chinotarisa gaka rekudzoreredzwa kwehuswa hwemugungwa, uye chinobvunza mubvunzo: ingani huswa hwemugungwa hwakakuvadzwa hunoda kudzoserwa nemaoko kuti ecosystem itange kuzvinatsa? Chidzidzo ichi chakakosha nekuti kuzadza gaka iri kunogona kuita kuti mapurojekiti ekudzoreredza huswa hwemugungwa dzisadhure uye kuve nemazvo. 

Fonseca, M., nevamwe. 2004. Kushandiswa kwemamodheru maviri akajeka emuchadenga kuona mhedzisiro yekukuvara kwejometri pakupora kwezviwanikwa. Aquatic Conservation: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 14:281–298.
Chidzidzo chehunyanzvi mumhando yekukuvara kunokonzerwa nezvikepe kune uswa hwegungwa uye kugona kwavo kupora.

Fourqurean, J. et al. (2012). Seagrass ecosystems seyakakosha pasi rose kabhoni stock. Nature Geoscience 5, 505–509.
Chidzidzo ichi chinotsinhira kuti uswa hwegungwa, parizvino humwe hwepasi rose huri kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya, imhinduro yakakosha mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwayo hwekuchengetedza kabhoni yebhuruu.

Greiner JT, McGlathery KJ, Gunnell J, McKee BA. (2013). Kudzoreredzwa kweSeagrass Kunowedzera "Blue Carbon" Sequestration muMvura Yemahombekombe. PLoS YEMWE 8(8): e72469.
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvidzidzo zvekutanga kupa humbowo chaihwo hwekugona kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo yeuswa hwegungwa kuwedzera kutorwa kwekabhoni munzvimbo yemahombekombe. Vanyori vakadyara uswa hwegungwa uye vakadzidza kukura kwahwo uye kutorwa kwenguva yakareba.

Heck, K., Carruthers, T., Duarte, C., Hughes, A., Kendrick, G., Orth, R., Williams, S. 2008. Kutamiswa kweTrophic kubva kumafuro euswa hwegungwa kunopa rubatsiro kune vatengi vegungwa nevepasi. Ecosystems.
Chidzidzo ichi chinotsanangura kuti kukosha kweuswa hwegungwa kwave kushomeka, sezvo ichipa ecosystem masevhisi kumarudzi akati wandei, kuburikidza nekugona kwayo kutengesa biomass kunze kwenyika, uye kudzikira kwayo kuchakanganisa matunhu anopfuura kwainokura. 

Hendriks, E. et al. (2014). Photosynthetic Activity Buffers Ocean Acidification muSeagrass Meadows. Biogeoscience 11 (2): 333–46.
Ichi chidzidzo chinoona kuti huswa hwegungwa munzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzemahombekombe hune kugona kushandisa kwavo kwakasimba metabolic chiitiko kushandura pH mukati me canopy uye nekumhiri. Zvisikwa, zvakaita secoral reef, zvine hukama nenharaunda dzeuswa hwegungwa zvinogona nekudaro zvichitambura nekuparara kwehuswa hwegungwa uye kugona kwavo kuvharira pH uye acidification yegungwa.

Hill, V., nevamwe. 2014. Kuongorora Kuwanikwa Kwechiedza, Seagrass Biomass, uye Kubudirira Kushandisa Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Sensing muSaint Joseph's Bay, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts (2014) 37:1467–1489
Vanyori vechidzidzo ichi vanoshandisa mafoto emuchadenga kuti vafungidzire huwandu hwehuswa hwegungwa uye kushandisa tekinoroji nyowani kuyera goho reuswa hwegungwa mumvura yakaoma yemahombekombe uye nekupa ruzivo rwekugona kwenzvimbo idzi kutsigira dandemutande dzechikafu chemugungwa.

Irving AD, Connell SD, Russell BD. 2011. "Kudzoreredza Zvirimwa Zvemahombekombe Kuvandudza Global Carbon Storage: Kukohwa Zvatinodyara." PLoS YEMWE 6(3): e18311.
Chidzidzo mukati mekabhoni sequestration uye kugona kuchengetedza kwezvidyarwa zvemahombekombe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, chidzidzo chinoziva kwacho kusati kwaitwa kwezvipenyu zvegungwa semienzaniso yekufambiswa kwekabhoni mune tangent nenyaya yekuti 30-50% yekurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yegungwa muzana ramakore rapfuura kwave kuri nekuda kwezviitiko zvevanhu.

van Katwijk, MM, et al. 2009. "Nhungamiro dzekudzorera uswa hwegungwa: Kukosha kwekusarudza pekugara uye huwandu hwevanopa, kupararira kwenjodzi, uye ecosystem engineering mhedzisiro." Marine Pollution Bulletin 58 (2009) 179–188.
Ichi chidzidzo chinoongorora nhungamiro dzinoitwa uye chinopa hutsva hwekudzoreredza huswa hwegungwa - ichisimbisa kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye vanhu vanopa. Vakaona kuti huswa hwegungwa hunodzoreredza zvirinani munzvimbo dzekare dzeuswa hwegungwa uye nekusiyana kwemajini kwezvinhu zvevanopa. Zvinoratidza kuti zvirongwa zvekudzorera zvinoda kufungwa uye kurongeka kana zvichizobudirira.

Kennedy, H., J. Beggins, CM Duarte, JW Fourqurean, M. Holmer, N. Marbà, uye JJ Middelburg (2010). Seagrass sediments sepasi rose kabhoni inonyura: Isotopic constraints. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB4026.
Chidzidzo chesainzi pane kabhoni sequestration kugona kwehuswa hwegungwa. Chidzidzo chakawana kuti nepo huswa hwegungwa huchingoverengera nzvimbo diki yemahombekombe, midzi yaro uye sediment sequesters yakawanda yakawanda kabhoni.

Marion, S. naOrth, R. 2010. “Maitiro Ekuvandudza Kwekudzoreredza Uswa Hwegungwa Hukuru Uchishandisa Mbeu dzeZostera marina (eelgrass),” Restoration Ecology Vol. 18, Nhamba 4, peji 514–526.
Ongororo iyi inoongorora nzira yekutepfenyura mhodzi dzehuswa hwemugungwa pane kusima nhungirwa dzehuswa hwemugungwa sezvo kuyedza kudzoreredza kuri kuwanda. Vakaona kuti nepo mbeu dzichikwanisa kuparadzirwa munzvimbo yakakura, kune mwero wakaderera wekutanga wembeu.

Orth, R., nevamwe. 2006. "Dambudziko Repasi rose reSeagrass Ecosystems." BioScience Magazine, Vol. 56 Nhamba 12, 987-996.
Huwandu hwevanhu vepamhenderekedzo yegungwa uye budiriro zvinokonzeresa zvakanyanya kutyisidzira uswa hwegungwa. Vanyori vanobvumirana kuti nepo sainzi ichiziva kukosha kwehuswa hwemugungwa nekurasikirwa kwahwo, veruzhinji havazivi. Vanodaidza mushandirapamwe wekudzidzisa kuzivisa vanotonga neveruzhinji kukosha kwemafuro emugungwa, uye kudiwa uye nzira dzekuzvichengetedza.

Palacios, S., Zimmerman, R. 2007. Mhinduro ye eelgrass Zostera marina kune CO2 enrichment: zvinogona kukanganisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye zvinogona kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzegungwa. Mar Ecol Prog Ser Vol. 344:1–13.
Vanyori vanotarisa mukukanganisa kwe CO2 kupfumisa pane seagrass photosynthesis uye kubereka. Chidzidzo ichi chakakosha nekuti chinoburitsa mhinduro inogona kuparara kwehuswa hwegungwa asi chinobvuma kuti tsvakiridzo yakawanda inodiwa.

Pidgeon E. (2009). Carbon sequestration nemahombekombe egungwa pekugara: Kwakakosha kushaikwa kunyura. Mu: Laffoley DdA, Grimsditch G., vapepeti. Kutungamirirwa kweMasikirwo eMagungwa Kabhoni Inonyura. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; map. 47–51.
Ichi chinyorwa chikamu cheLaffoley, et al. IUCN 2009 kuburitswa (tsvaga pamusoro). Inopa kupatsanurwa kwekukosha kwegungwa kabhoni inonyura uye inosanganisira madhayagiramu anobatsira achifananidza marudzi akasiyana epasi uye emugungwa kabhoni inonyura. Vanyori vanosimbisa kuti mutsauko unoshamisa pakati pemahombekombe egungwa uye epasi pekugara kugona kwenzvimbo dzemugungwa kuita kwenguva refu kabhoni sequestration.

Sabine, CL et al. (2004). Kunyura kwegungwa kune anthropogenic CO2. Sayenzi 305: 367-371
Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora kutorwa kwenyanza kweanthropogenic carbon dioxide kubva kuIndustrial Revolution, uye inogumisa kuti gungwa ndiro rakanyanya kunyura kabhoni pasi rose. Inobvisa 20-35% mumhepo kabhoni emissions.

Unsworth, R., nevamwe. (2012). Tropical Seagrass Meadows Shandura Mvura Yegungwa Kabhoni Chemistry: Zvinoreva kuCoral Reef Yakakanganiswa neOcean Acidification. Zvekutsvagisa Zvakatipoteredza Tsamba 7 (2): 024026.
Seagrass meadows inogona kuchengetedza matombo emakorari ari pedyo uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvinoverengera, zvinosanganisira mollusks, kubva pamhedzisiro yegungwa acidization kuburikidza nekwavo yeblue carbon uptake kugona. Ichi chidzidzo chinoona kuti coral calcification pasi pemvura yegungwa ine mukana wekuve ≈18% yakakura kupfuura munzvimbo isina uswa hwegungwa.

Uhrin, A., Hall, M., Merello, M., Fonseca, M. (2009). Kupona uye Kuwedzera kweMechanically Yakasimwa Seagrass Sods. Restoration Ecology Vol. 17, Nhamba 3, peji 359–368
Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora kugona kwekudyara uswa hwegungwa nemichina kana tichienzanisa nenzira yakakurumbira yekudyara nemaoko. Kudyara kweMechanical kunobvumira nzvimbo yakakura kuti igadziriswe, zvisinei zvichienderana nekuderera kwehuswa uye kushaikwa kwekuwedzera kukuru kweuswa hwegungwa hwakaramba huchienderera mberi kwemakore matatu mushure mekutama, nzira yekudyara yekudyara yemechini haigone kukurudzirwa zvizere.

Pfupi, F., Carruthers, T., Dennison, W., Waycott, M. (2007). Global seagrass kugoverwa uye kusiyana-siyana: A bioregional modhi. Chinyorwa cheExperimental Marine Biology uye Ecology 350 (2007) 3–20.
Ichi chidzidzo chinotarisa mukusiyana uye kugoverwa kweuswa hwegungwa munzvimbo 4 dzinodziya dzezvipenyu. Inopa nzwisiso mukupararira uye kurarama kweuswa hwegungwa pamhenderekedzo dzepasirese.

Waycott, M., nevamwe. "Kuwedzera kurasikirwa kweuswa hwegungwa pasi rose kunotyisidzira zvipenyu zvegungwa," 2009. PNAS vol. 106 kwete. 30 12377–12381
Chidzidzo ichi chinoisa uswa hwegungwa seimwe yenzvimbo dziri kutyisidzirwa zvikuru panyika. Vakaona kuti mitengo yekuderera yakawedzera kubva 0.9% pagore pamberi pa1940 kusvika 7% pagore kubvira 1990.

Whitfield, P., Kenworthy, WJ., Hammerstrom, K., Fonseca, M. 2002. “Basa Redutu Mukuwedzera Kwekuvhiringidza Kwakatangwa Nezvikepe zveMotokari paSeagrass Banks.” Nyaya yeCoastal Research. 81(37),86-99.
Imwe yekutyisidzira kukuru kune uswa hwegungwa maitiro akaipa emubhoti. Ichi chidzidzo chinopinda mukuti huswa hwegungwa hwakakuvadzwa uye mabhanga anogara paari hunogona kutonyanya kushungurudzwa nemadutu nemadutu pasina kudzoreredzwa.

Magazini Nyaya

Spalding, MJ (2015). Dambudziko Patiri. The Environmental Forum. 32 (2), 38-43.
Ichi chinyorwa chinoratidza kuoma kweOA, kukanganisa kwayo pawebhu yezvokudya uye pamapuroteni evanhu, uye chokwadi chokuti idambudziko riripo uye rinooneka. Munyori, Mark Spalding, anokurukura zviito zvehurumende yeUS pamwe nemhinduro yepasi rose kuOA, uye anopedzisa nerondedzero yezvinhanho zvidiki zvinogona kutorwa kubatsira kurwisa OA - kusanganisira sarudzo yekumisa kuburitsa kabhoni mugungwa nenzira ye blue carbon.

Conway, D. June 2007. "Kubudirira Kweuswa hweGungwa muTampa Bay." Florida Sportsman.
Chinyorwa chinotarisa mune chaiyo seagrass regeneration kambani, Seagrass Recovery, uye nzira dzavanoshandisa kudzorera uswa hwegungwa muTampa Bay. Seagrass Kudzoreredza inoshandisa sediment machubhu kuzadza mavanga eprop, akajairika munzvimbo dzekutandarira dzeFlorida, uye GUTS kuchinjisa mahombe euswa hwegungwa. 

Emmett-Mattox, S., Crooks, S., Findsen, J. 2011. "Uswa neGasi." The Environmental Forum Vhoriyamu 28, Nhamba 4, p 30-35.
Chinyorwa chakapfava, chakadzama, chinotsanangudza chinoratidza kugona kuchengetedza kabhoni munzvimbo dzine mvura dzemahombekombe uye kukosha kwekudzoreredza nekudzivirira izvi zvakakosha zvipenyu. Ichi chinyorwa chinopindawo mune zvinogona uye chokwadi chekupa zvigadziriso kubva kune tidal wetlands pamusika wecarbon.

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Mabhuku & Zvitsauko

Waycott, M., Collier, C., McMahon, K., Ralph, P., McKenzie, L., Udy, J., uye Grech, A. “Kusagadzikana kwehuswa hwegungwa muGreat Barrier Reef kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.” Chikamu II: Zvisikwa nemapoka emarudzi - Chitsauko 8.
Chitsauko chakadzama chebhuku chinopa zvese izvo munhu anofanirwa kuziva mune izvo zvekutanga zveuswa hwegungwa uye kusagadzikana kwavo mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Inoona kuti huswa hwegungwa huri panjodzi yekuchinja kwemhepo uye tembiricha yepasi pegungwa, kukwira kwemvura yegungwa, madutu makuru, mafashamo, yakasimudzwa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi uye acidification yegungwa, uye shanduko mumafungu egungwa.

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Guides

Emmett-Mattox, S., Crooks, S. Coastal Blue Carbon seKurudziro yeKuchengetedza Kwemahombekombe, Kudzoreredza uye Kutungamira: Chimiro cheKunzwisisa Sarudzo.
Gwaro iri richabatsira kutungamira maneja emahombekombe uye epasi mukunzwisisa nzira dzinodzivirira nekudzoreredza mahombekombe eblue carbon inogona kubatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekutonga kwemahombekombe. Inosanganisira nhaurirano yezvinhu zvakakosha mukuita kutsunga uku uye inonongedza matanho anotevera ekugadzira matangi eblue carbon.

McKenzie, L. (2008). Seagrass Educators Book. Seagrass Watch. 
Bhuku rino rekushandisa rinopa vadzidzisi ruzivo rwekuti uswa hwemugungwa chii, chimiro chezvirimwa zvadzo uye chimiro chadzo, kwadzinogona kuwanikwa uye kuti dzinorarama sei nekuberekana mumvura ine munyu. 

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Zviito Zvaunogona Kuita

Shandisa yedu SeaGrass Inokura Carbon Calculator kuverenga kuburitsa kabhoni yako uye kupa kuti ubvise maitiro ako neblue kabhoni! Calculator yakagadziridzwa neThe Ocean Foundation kubatsira munhu kana sangano kuverengera kuburitswa kwayo kwegore kweCO2, kuti vaone huwandu hwekabhoni yebhuruu inodiwa kuvamisa (maeka euswa hwegungwa kuti adzorerwe kana akaenzana). Mari inobva kublue carbon credit mechanism inogona kushandiswa kupa mari yekudzorera, izvo zvinozoita kuti zvikwereti zvakawanda. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinobvumira kuhwina kuviri: kusikwa kwemutengo unoverengeka kune masisitimu epasi rose ezviitwa zveCO2-emitting uye, chechipiri, kudzoreredzwa kwemafuro egungwa ayo anoumba chikamu chakakosha chemahombekombe ecosystem uye ari kuda zvakanyanya kupora.

KUDZOKERA KUTSVAKARO