Jwang ba lewatle

Limela tsa leoatleng ke limela tse thunyang tse melang metsing a sa tebang 'me li fumaneha mabopong a k'honthinente e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ntle le Antarctica. Joang ba leoatleng ha bo fane feela ka lits'ebeletso tsa bohlokoa tsa tikoloho joalo ka libaka tsa maoatle, empa hape bo sebetsa joalo ka mohloli o ts'epahalang oa ho nka khabone. Joang ba leoatleng bo nka 0.1% ea bokaholimo ba leoatle, leha ho le joalo bo ikarabella bakeng sa 11% ea khabone ea tlhaho e patiloeng leoatleng. Pakeng tsa 2–7% ea makhulo a leoatle a lefatše, lifate tsa mangrove le libaka tse ling tse mongobo tse lebopong la leoatle lia lahleha selemo le selemo.

Ka SeaGrass Grow Blue Carbon Calculator ea rona, o ka khona ho bala sebaka sa hau sa khabone, ho khutlisa joang ka mokhoa oa ho khutlisa joang le ho ithuta ka merero ea rona ea ho khutlisetsa mabopo.
Mona, re hlophisitse tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa joang ba leoatleng.

Lipampiri tsa Lintlha le Lipampitšana

Pidgeon, E., Herr, D., Fonseca, L. (2011). Ho Fokotsa Phallo ea Khabone le ho Holisa Phallo ea Khabone le Polokelo ka Litlhapi tsa Seagrass, Tidal Marshes, Mangroves - Litlhahiso tse tsoang ho Sehlopha sa Ts'ebetso sa Machaba mabapi le Coastal Blue Carbon.
Pampitšana ena e khuts'oane e hloka hore ho nkoe khato hanghang mabapi le ts'ireletso ea joang ba leoatle, mekhoabo ea makhulo le lifate tsa mangrove ka 1) ntlafatso ea matsapa a naha le a machaba a lipatlisiso mabapi le ts'ebetso ea khabone ea lebopong, 2) mehato e ntlafalitsoeng ea taolo ea lehae le ea tikoloho e ipapisitseng le tsebo ea hajoale ea mesi e tsoang tikolohong e senyehileng ea lebopo. 3) ho matlafatsa kananelo ea machaba ea tikoloho ea khabone e lebopong la leoatle.  

"Seagrass: Letlotlo le Patiloeng." Leqephe la 'Nete le hlahisitsoe Setsi sa Univesithi ea Maryland bakeng sa Kopano ea Saense ea Tikoloho le Network ea Kopo ka December 2006.

"Majang a Leoatle: Meru ea Leoatleng." e hlahisitsoe Setsi sa Univesithi ea Maryland bakeng sa Khokahano ea Saense ea Tikoloho le Ts'ebetso Network December 2006.

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Liphatlalatso, Lipolelo, le Likhutšoane tsa Leano

Chan, F., et al. (2016). The West Coast Ocean Acidification le Hypoxia Science Panel: Liphuputso Tse Ka Sehloohong, Litlhahiso, le Liketso. California Ocean Science Trust.
Sehlopha sa mahlale sa litho tse 20 se lemosa hore keketseho ea tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide lefatšeng ka bophara ke metsi a nang le asiti a Lebopo la Lebopo la Amerika Leboea ka sekhahla se potlakileng. The West Coast OA le Hypoxia panel e khothaletsa ka ho khetheha ho hlahloba mekhoa e kenyeletsang tšebeliso ea joang ba leoatleng ho tlosa carbon dioxide metsing a leoatle e le pheko ea mantlha ea OA lebōpong le ka bophirimela.

Florida Roundtable on Ocean Acidification: Tlaleho ea Kopano. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL Loetse 2, 2015
Ka Loetse 2015, Ocean Conservancy le Mote Marine Laboratory li ile tsa sebelisana ho tšoara tafole e chitja e mabapi le acidization ea leoatle Florida e etselitsoeng ho akofisa lipuisano tsa sechaba ka OA Florida. Sebaka sa tikoloho ea leoatle se bapala karolo e kholo Florida mme tlaleho e khothaletsa ts'ireletso le tsosoloso ea makhulo a joang bakeng sa 1) lits'ebeletso tsa ecosystem 2) e le karolo ea mesebetsi e tsamaisang sebaka ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa asiti ea maoatle.

Reports

Conservation International. (2008). Maemo a Moruo a Mepopotlo ea Likorale, Mangroves, le joang ba leoatleng: Kopano ea Lefatše. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
Bukana ena e bokella liphetho tsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea liphuputso tsa boleng ba moruo ka tikoloho ea tropike ea marine le mafika a lebopo lefatšeng ka bophara. Ha e ntse e phatlalalitsoe ka 2008, pampiri ena e ntse e fana ka tataiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa boleng ba tikoloho ea lebopo, haholo-holo molemong oa bokhoni ba bona ba ho nka khabone e putsoa.

Cooley, S., Ono, C., Melcer, S. le Roberson, J. (2016). Liketso tsa Boemo ba Sechaba tse ka Tobanang le Kemiso ea Asiti ea Leoatle. Lenaneo la Lewatle la Asiti, Paballo ya Lewatle. Pele. Mar. Sci.
Tlaleho ena e kenyelletsa lethathamo le thusang mabapi le mehato eo baahi ba lehae ba ka e nkang ho loantša ho ata ha asiti ea maoatleng, ho kenyeletsoa le ho khutlisa mafika a oyster le libethe tsa joang ba leoatleng.

The Florida Boating Access Facilities Inventory and Economic Study, ho kenyeletsoa boithuto ba liteko bakeng sa Lee County. Phato 2009. 
Ena ke tlaleho e batsi bakeng sa Khomishene ea Paballo ea Litlhapi le Liphoofolo Tse Hlaha ea Florida mabapi le mesebetsi ea liketsoana Florida, phello ea bona moruong le tikolohong, ho kenyeletsoa boleng ba joang ba leoatle bo tlisang sechaba sa boithabiso sa liketsoana.

Hall, M., et al. (2006). Ho Ntlafatsa Mekhoa ea ho Ntlafatsa Litefiso tsa Pholiso ea Maqeba a Propeller ho Turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) Meadows. Tlaleho ea ho qetela ho USFWS.
Litlhapi tsa Florida le Liphoofolo tse hlaha li ile tsa fuoa chelete ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka litlamorao tse tobileng tsa mesebetsi ea batho holim'a joang ba leoatle, haholo-holo boitšoaro ba batho ba tsamaeang ka likepe Florida, le mekhoa e metle ea ho fola ka potlako.

Laffoley, D.d'A. & Grimsditch, G. (eds). (2009). Tsamaiso ea lik'habone tsa tlhaho tsa lebopong la leoatle. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 53 maq
Tlaleho ena e fana ka litlhaloso tse hlakileng empa e le tse bonolo tsa ho teba ha carbon lebopong. E phatlalalitsoe e le mohlodi e seng feela ho hlakisa boleng ba ditikoloho tsena mabapi le tshwaetso ya carbon e putswa, empa hape le ho totobatsa tlhokeho ya taolo e hlwahlwa le e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho boloka carbon eo e hapilweng fatshe.

"Mehlala ea Propeller Scarring of Seagrass ho Florida Bay Associations e nang le Lintlha tsa Tšebeliso ea 'Mele le ea Baeti le Liphello bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea Mehloli ea Tlhaho - Resource Evaluation Report - SFNRC Technical Series 2008: 1." Setsi sa Lihloliloeng sa Florida Boroa
National Park Service (South Florida Natural Resources Center - Everglades National Park) e sebelisa litšoantšo tse fofang ho tsebahatsa maqeba a propeller le sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha joang bo ka florida Bay, se hlokoang ke batsamaisi ba lirapa le sechaba ho ntlafatsa taolo ea mehloli ea tlhaho.

Senotlolo sa ho toloka lifoto bakeng sa Morero oa 2011 oa Indian River Lagoon Seagrass Mapping. 2011. E lokiselitsoe ke Dewberry. 
Lihlopha tse peli tsa Florida li ile tsa kontraka ea Dewberry bakeng sa morero oa ho etsa 'mapa oa joang bo ka leoatleng bakeng sa Indian River Lagoon ho fumana litšoantšo tsa sefofane tsa Indian River Lagoon ka mokhoa oa dijithale le ho hlahisa 'mapa o felletseng oa 2011 oa joang ka ho toloka setšoantšo sena ka lintlha tsa nnete tsa motheo.

Tlaleho ea Tšebeletso ea Litlhapi le Liphoofolo Tse Hlaha ea US ho Congress. (2011). "Maemo le Mekhoa ea Lithaba tsa Metsi naheng ea United States e Conterminous 2004 ho isa 2009."
Tlaleho ena ea 'muso e tiisa hore libaka tse metsi tse lebōpong la leoatle la Amerika li nyamela ka lebelo le tšosang, ho ea ka mokhatlo oa naha oa lihlopha tsa tikoloho le lipapali tse amehileng ka bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea tikoloho ea naha e lebōpong la leoatle.

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Journal Articles

Cullen-Insworth, L. le Unsworth, R. 2018. "Pitso ea tšireletso ea joang ba leoatle". Saense, Moq. 361, Khatiso ea 6401, 446-448.
Joang ba leoatleng bo fana ka bolulo ho mefuta e mengata 'me bo fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa bohlokoa tsa tikoloho joalo ka ho sefa seretse le likokoana-hloko tse metsing, hammoho le ho fokotsa matla a maqhubu a lebopong. Tšireletso ea tikoloho ena e bohlokoa ka lebaka la karolo ea bohlokoa ea joang ba leoatleng bo e bapalang phokotsong ea boemo ba leholimo le ho sireletseha ha lijo. 

Blandon, A., zu Ermgassen, PSE 2014. "Khakanyo e lekantsoeng ea ntlafatso ea tlhapi ea khoebo ka sebaka sa joang sa leoatle se ka boroa ho Australia." Estuarine, Lebopo la Lebopo le Shelf Science 141.
Boithuto bona bo sheba bohlokoa ba makhulo a leoatle e le libaka tsa ho hlokomela mefuta e 13 ea litlhapi tse rekisoang 'me e ikemiselitse ho hōlisa kananelo ea joang ba leoatle ke ba amehang ba lebopong la leoatle.

Camp EF, Suggett DJ, Gendron G, Jompa J, Manfrino C le Smith DJ. (2016). Libethe tsa mangrove le joang ba leoatleng li fana ka litšebeletso tse fapaneng tsa biogeochemical bakeng sa likorale tse sokeloa ke phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Pele. Mar. Sci. 
Taba ea mantlha ea phuputso ena ke hore joang ba leoatle bo fana ka lits'ebeletso tse ngata khahlano le asiti ea maoatle ho feta lifate tsa mangrove. Litlhapi tsa leoatleng li na le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea asiti ea leoatle ho mafika a haufi ka ho boloka maemo a matle a lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa calcification ea mafika.

Campbell, JE, Lacey, EA,. Decker, RA, Crools, S., Fourquean, JW 2014. “Carbon Storage in Seagrass Beds of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.” Mokhatlo oa Patlisiso ea Lebopo le Estuarine.
Boithuto bona bo bohlokoa hobane bangoli ka hloko ba khetha ho lekola makhulo a sa ngolisoang a joang a leoatle a Koung ea Arabia, ba utloisisa hore lipatlisiso mabapi le joang ba leoatle li ka ba leeme ho ipapisitse le khaello ea mefuta-futa ea data ea libaka. Ba fumana hore le hoja joang bo teng Koung ea Koung bo boloka lik’habone tse itekanetseng feela, boteng ba bona ka kakaretso bo boloka tekanyo e khōlō ea k’habone.

 Carruthers, T.,van Tussenbroek, B., Dennison, W.2005. Tšusumetso ea liliba tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi le metsi a litšila ho matla a limatlafatsi a makhulo a leoatle a Caribbean. Estuarine, Lebopo la Lebopo le Shelf Science 64, 191-199.
Boithuto bo mabapi le joang ba leoatle ba Caribbean le tekanyo ea tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea liliba tsa eona tse ikhethang tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi li na le ts'ebetso ea limatlafatsi.

Duarte, C., Dennison, W., Orth, R., Carruthers, T. 2008. The Charisma of Coastal Ecosystems: Ho sebetsana le Ho se leka-lekane. Likhopo le Mabōpo: J CERF 31:233–238
Sengoliloeng sena se hloka tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ea boralitaba le lipatlisiso tse lokelang ho fuoa tikoloho e lebopong la leoatle, joalo ka joang ba leoatle le lifate tsa mangrove. Khaello ea liphuputso e lebisa ho hlokeng khato ea ho thibela tahlehelo ea tikoloho ea bohlokoa ea lebopo.

Ezcurra, P., Ezcurra, E., Garcillán, P., Costa, M., le Aburto-Oropeza, O. (2016). Sebōpeho sa naha sa lebopong le ho bokellana ha peat ea mangrove ho eketsa khabone le polokelo. Ts'ebetso ea National Academy of Sciences ea United States of America.
Phuputso ena e fumana hore lifate tsa mangrove tse karolong e omeletseng ea Mexico leboea-bophirimela, li nka karolo e ka tlaase ho 1% ea sebaka sa lefatše, empa li boloka hoo e ka bang 28% ea kakaretso ea letamo la carbon e ka tlas'a lefatše sebakeng seo kaofela. Leha li le nyane, lifate tsa mangrove le sediment tsa tsona li emela ho se leka-lekane ha khabone ea lefats'e le polokelo ea khabone.

Fonseca, M., Julius, B., Kenworthy, WJ 2000. "Ho kopanya baeloji le moruo tsosolosong ea joang ba leoatleng: Ke bokae ho lekane hona hobane'ng?" Ecological Engineering 15 (2000) 227-237
Boithuto bona bo sheba sekheo sa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea joang ba leoatleng, 'me e hlahisa potso: joang bo bokae bo senyehileng ba leoatle bo hloka ho khutlisoa ka letsoho hore tikoloho ea tikoloho e qale ho hlaphoheloa? Phuputso ena e bohlokoa hobane ho tlatsa sekheo sena ho ka lumella merero ea tsosoloso ea joang ba leoatle hore e be theko e tlaase le e sebetsang hantle. 

Fonseca, M., et al. 2004. Tšebeliso ea mehlala e 'meli e hlakileng ea sebaka ho fumana phello ea geometry ea kotsi ho hlaphoheloa ha mehloli ea tlhaho. Paballo ea Metsing: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 14: 281–298 .
Boithuto ba tekheniki mabapi le mofuta oa kotsi e bakiloeng ke likepe ho ea joang leoatleng le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho hlaphoheloa ka tlhaho.

Fourqurean, J. et al. (2012). Seagrass ecosystem e le setoko sa khabone se bohlokoa lefatšeng ka bophara. Nature Geoscience 5, 505–509.
Patlisiso ena e tiisa hore joang ba leoatle, boo hajoale e leng e 'ngoe ea tikoloho e kotsing ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng, ke tharollo ea bohlokoahali ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ka bokhoni ba bona ba ho boloka khabone e putsoa.

Greiner JT, McGlathery KJ, Gunnell J, McKee BA. (2013). Tsosoloso ea Seagrass e Ntlafatsa "Blue Carbon" ea ho Qetella Metsing a Lebopo. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72469.
Ena ke e 'ngoe ea liphuputso tsa pele tse fanang ka bopaki bo tiileng ba bokhoni ba ho khutlisa bojang ba leoatle ho matlafatsa khabone sebakeng sa lebopo la leoatle. Bangoli ba ile ba lema joang ba leoatleng 'me ba ithuta ka kholo ea bona le ho tlosoa ha bona ka nako e telele.

Heck, K., Carruthers, T., Duarte, C., Hughes, A., Kendrick, G., Orth, R., Williams, S. 2008. Ho fetisoa ha Trophic ho tloha makhulong a leoatle ho thusa bareki ba fapaneng ba leoatleng le ba lefatše. Ecosystems.
Boithuto bona bo hlalosa hore boleng ba joang ba leoatle bo nyenyefalitsoe, kaha bo fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa tikoloho ho mefuta e mengata ea lintho tse phelang, ka bokhoni ba bona ba ho rekisa biomass kantle ho naha, 'me ho theoha ha bona ho tla ama libaka tse fetang moo bo melang teng. 

Hendriks, E. et al. (2014). Ts'ebetso ea Photosynthetic e Simamisa Asiti ea Leoatle ho Seagrass Meadows. Biogeoscience 11 (2): 333–46.
Patlisiso ena e fumana hore joang bo libakeng tse sa tebang bo lebopong bo na le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa ts'ebetso ea bona e matla ea metabolism ho fetola pH ka har'a canopy le ho feta. Ka hona, lintho tse phelang, tse kang mepopotlo ea likorale, tse amahanngoang le libaka tsa joang ba leoatleng li ka 'na tsa hlokofatsoa ke ho senyeha ha joang ba leoatle le bokhoni ba bona ba ho thibela pH le asiti ea leoatle.

Hill, V., le ba bang. 2014. Ho Lekola Boteng ba Leseli, Biomass ea Seagrass, le Tlhahiso e Sebelisang Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Sensing Saint Joseph's Bay, Florida. Li-Estuaries le Mabopo (2014) 37:1467–1489
Bangoli ba phuputso ena ba sebelisa ho nka lifoto ka sefofane ho hakanya boholo ba joang ba leoatle le ho sebelisa theknoloji e ncha e ncha ho lekanya tlhahiso ea makhulo a leoatle metsing a rarahaneng a lebopo le ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le bokhoni ba libaka tsena ho tšehetsa marang-rang a lijo tsa leoatleng.

Irving AD, Connell SD, Russell BD. 2011. “Ho Tsosolosa Limela Tsa Lebopong ho Ntlafatsa Polokelo ea Khabone ea Lefatše Lohle: Ho Kotula Seo re se Jalang.” PLoS ONE 6(3): e18311.
Boithuto mabapi le bokhoni ba ho nka khabone le ho boloka limela tse lebopong la leoatle. Boemong ba phetoho ea tlelaemete, phuputso e hlokomela mohloli o sa sebelisoang oa lihloliloeng tsena tsa lebopong e le mehlala ea phetisetso ea khabone ka taba ea hore 30-50% ea tahlehelo ea bodulo ba lebopo lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng e bakiloe ke mesebetsi ea batho.

van Katwijk, MM, et al. 2009. "Litaelo tsa ho tsosolosa joang ba leoatle: Bohlokoa ba khetho ea bolulo le baahi ba fanang ka liphallelo, ho ata ha likotsi, le liphello tsa boenjiniere ba tikoloho." Bulletin ea Tšilafalo ea Leoatleng 58 (2009) 179-188.
Boithuto bona bo lekola litataiso tse tloahelehileng le ho sisinya tse ncha bakeng sa tsosoloso ea joang ba leoatle - ho totobatsa khetho ea bolulo le baahi ba bafani. Ba fumane hore joang ba leoatle bo hlaphoheloa hamolemo libakeng tsa khale tsa joang ba leoatleng le ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa thepa ea bafani. E bontša hore merero ea tsosoloso e hloka ho nahanoa le ho hlophisoa hore e atlehe.

Kennedy, H., J. Beggins, CM Duarte, JW Fourqurean, M. Holmer, N. Marbà, le JJ Middelburg (2010). Seagrass sediments joalo ka sekoba sa khabone sa lefats'e: Litšitiso tsa Isotopic. Global Biogeochem. Lipotoloho, 24, GB4026.
Boithuto ba mahlale bo mabapi le bokhoni ba ho nka khabone ea joang ba leoatle. Boithuto bo fumane hore le hoja joang ba leoatle bo ikarabella bakeng sa sebaka se senyenyane sa mabōpo, metso ea sona le sediment sequesters ea carbon e ngata.

Marion, S. le Orth, R. 2010. "Mekhoa e Mecha ea ho Tsosolosa Joang bo Botle ba Leoatle ka Ho Sebelisa Peo ea Zostera marina (eelgrass)," Restoration Ecology Vol. 18, No. 4, leqepheng la 514-526.
Phuputso ena e hlahloba mokhoa oa ho hasa peō ea joang ba leoatle ho e-na le ho fetisetsa mahlomela a leoatle kaha boiteko bo boholo ba ho tsosolosa bo ntse bo ata. Ba fumane hore leha lipeo li ka hasana sebakeng se pharaletseng, ho na le sekhahla se tlase sa ho mela ha lipeo.

Orth, R., et al. 2006. “Koluoa ​​​​ea Lefatše Lohle bakeng sa Tikoloho ea Joang.” Makasine ea BioScience, Moq. 56 No. 12, 987-996.
Palo ea baahi le nts'etsopele ea batho ba lebopong la leoatle ke tšokelo e kholo ho makhulo a leoatle. Bangoli ba lumellana hore le hoja saense e lemoha bohlokoa ba joang ba leoatle le tahlehelo ea bona, sechaba ha se tsebe. Ba kopa letšolo la thuto ho tsebisa balaoli le sechaba boleng ba makhulo a leoatle, tlhokahalo le mekhoa ea ho bo baballa.

Palacios, S., Zimmerman, R 2007 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Vol. 2:344–1 .
Bangoli ba sheba phello ea ho matlafatsa CO2 ho photosynthesis le tlhahiso ea joang. Phuputso ena e bohlokoa hobane e fana ka tharollo e ka bang teng ea ho senyeha ha joang ba leoatleng empa e lumela hore lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala.

Pidgeon E. (2009). Ho nka khabone ka libaka tsa leoatle tse lebopong la leoatle: Lisinki tsa bohlokoa tse sieo. Ho: Laffoley DdA, Grimsditch G., bahlophisi. Tsamaiso ea Lisinki tsa Khabone ea Tlhaho ea Lebopong. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; leqepheng la 47-51.
Sengoliloeng sena ke karolo ea Laffoley, et al. Phatlalatso ea IUCN 2009 (fumana ka holimo). E fana ka karohano ea bohlokoa ba ho teba ha carbon ea leoatleng 'me e kenyelletsa litšoantšo tse thusang ho bapisa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lik'habone tsa lefatše le tsa leoatleng. Bangoli ba totobatsa hore phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa maoatle a leoatle le libaka tsa lefatše ke bokhoni ba libaka tsa leoatle tsa ho nka khabone ea nako e telele.

Sabine, CL et al. (2004). Sekepe sa leoatle bakeng sa CO2 ea anthropogenic. Saense 305: 367-371
Patlisiso ena e hlahloba tsela eo maoatle a ts'oereng carbon dioxide ka eona ho tloha nakong ea Phetohelo ea Liindasteri, 'me e phethela ka hore leoatle ke lona le tebileng ka ho fetisisa la khabone lefatšeng. E tlosa 20-35% ea khabone ea sepakapaka.

Unsworth, R., et al. (2012). Meadows ea Tropical Seagrass e Fetola Chemistry ea Khabone ea Metsi a Leoatle: Litlamorao Bakeng sa Mepopotlo ea Likorale e Ametsoeng ke Asiti ea Leoatle. Litlhaku tsa Lipatlisiso tsa Tikoloho 7 (2): 024026.
Meadows ea Seagrass e ka sireletsa mepopotlo ea likorale tse haufi le lintho tse ling tse kolobisang, ho kenyeletsoa li-mollusk, ho tsoa litlamorao tsa asiti ea leoatle ka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho nka khabone e putsoa. Boithuto bona bo fumana hore ho baloa ha likorale ho theosa le joang ba leoatle ho na le monyetla oa ho ba ≈18% ho feta tikolohong e se nang joang ba leoatleng.

Uhrin, A., Hall, M., Merello, M., Fonseca, M. (2009). Ho Pholoha le Katoloso ea Mekhatlo ea Litlhapi tsa Seagrass tse Fetisitsoeng ka Mechini. Restoration Ecology Vol. 17, No. 3, leqepheng la 359-368
Boithuto bona bo hlahloba bokhoni ba ho lema makhulo a joang ka mechine ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa o tsebahalang oa ho lema ka letsoho. Ho lema ka mechine ho lumella sebaka se seholo hore se rarolloe, leha ho le joalo ho ipapisitsoe le ho fokotseha ho fokolang le ho haella ha joang bo boholo bo ntseng bo tsoela pele ka lilemo tse 3 ka mor'a ho lema, mokhoa oa mechine oa ho jala seketsoana o ntse o ke ke oa khothaletsoa ka botlalo.

Short, F., Carruthers, T., Dennison, W., Waycott, M. (2007). Kabo ea joang ba leoatle le mefuta-futa: Mohlala oa tikoloho. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 350 (2007) 3–20.
Boithuto bona bo sheba mefuta-futa le kabo ea joang ba leoatle libakeng tse 4 tse futhumetseng. E fana ka temohisiso mabapi le ho ata le ho phela ha joang ba leoatle mabōpong ho pota lefatše.

Waycott, M., le al. "Ho potlakisa tahlehelo ea joang ba leoatle lefatšeng ka bophara ho sokela tikoloho ea lebopo," 2009. PNAS vol. 106 no. 30 12377–12381
Phuputso ena e beha makhulo a leoatleng e le e 'ngoe ea lihloliloeng tse kotsing ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ba fumane hore sekhahla sa ho theoha se eketsehile ho tloha ho 0.9% ka selemo pele ho 1940 ho ea ho 7% ka selemo ho tloha ka 1990.

Whitfield, P., Kenworthy, WJ., Hammerstrom, K., Fonseca, M. 2002. “Seabo sa Leholiotsoana Katolosong ea Litšitiso Tse Qalileng ke Likepe Tsa Likoloi Tse Libanka Tsa Seagrass.” Journal of Coastal Research. 81(37),86-99.
E 'ngoe ea litšokelo tse ka sehloohong ho joang ba leoatleng ke boitšoaro bo bobe ba batho ba tsamaeang ka likepe. Boithuto bona bo sheba hore na joang bo senyehileng ba leoatle le mabōpo a lulang ho tsona bo ka ba kotsing le ho feta ke lifefo le maholiotsoana ntle le ho tsosolosoa.

Lingoliloeng Tsa Limakasine

Spalding, MJ (2015). Koluoa ​​​​Ho Rena. Seboka sa Tikoloho. 32 (2), 38-43.
Sengoliloeng sena se totobatsa ho teba ha OA, phello ea eona marang-rang a lijo le mehloling ea batho ea protheine, le taba ea hore ke bothata bo teng hona joale le bo bonahalang. Mongoli, Mark Spalding, o tšohla liketso tsa mmuso oa US hammoho le karabelo ea machaba ho OA, 'me o qetella ka lethathamo la mehato e menyenyane e ka nkoang ho thusa ho loantša OA - ho kenyeletsa le khetho ea ho fokotsa mocheso oa carbon ka leoatleng ka mokhoa oa carbon e putsoa.

Conway, D. June 2007. "Katleho ea joang ba Leoatleng la Tampa Bay." Sebapali sa Florida.
Sengoliloeng se shebaneng le k'hamphani e itseng ea ho nchafatsa joang ba leoatle, Seagrass Recovery, le mekhoa eo ba e sebelisang ho khutlisa joang ba leoatle Tampa Bay. Seagrass Recovery e sebelisa li-tubes tsa sediment ho tlatsa maqeba a prop, a atileng libakeng tsa boithabiso tsa Florida, le GUTS ho fetisetsa libaka tse kholo tsa joang ba leoatle. 

Emmett-Mattox, S., Crooks, S., Findsen, J. 2011. "Joang le Likhase." Seboka sa Tikoloho Buka ea 28, Nomoro 4, leq 30-35.
Sengoloa se bonolo, se akaretsang, se hlalosang se totobatsang bokhoni ba ho boloka khabone libakeng tse mongobo tse lebopong la leoatle le tlhoko ea ho khutlisetsa le ho sireletsa tikoloho ena ea bohlokoa. Sengoliloeng sena se boetse se kena ho bokhoni le 'nete ea ho fana ka litheolelo ho tsoa libakeng tse mongobo tse ngata' marakeng oa carbon.

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Libuka & Likhaolo

Waycott, M., Collier, C., McMahon, K., Ralph, P., McKenzie, L., Udy, J., le Grech, A. “Ho ba kotsing ha joang ba leoatle ho Great Barrier Reef ho fetoha ha boemo ba leholimo.” Karolo ea II: Mefuta le lihlopha tsa mefuta - Khaolo ea 8.
Khaolo e tebileng ea buka e fanang ka tsohle tseo motho a li hlokang ho tseba ka metheo ea joang ba leoatle le ho ba kotsing ea bona ho fetoha ha maemo a leholimo. E fumana hore joang ba leoatle bo kotsing ea ho fetoha ha mocheso oa moea le oa leoatle, ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle, lifefo tse matla, likhohola, carbon dioxide e phahameng le asiti ea leoatle, le liphetoho tsa maqhubu a leoatle.

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Guides

Emmett-Mattox, S., Crooks, S. Coastal Blue Carbon e le Khothatso bakeng sa Paballo ea Mabopo, Tsosoloso le Tsamaiso: Template for Understanding Options
Tokomane ena e tla thusa ho tataisa baokameli ba lebopo le ba naha ho utloisisa litsela tseo ka tsona ho sireletsa le ho khutlisetsa carbon blue blue ho ka thusang ho fihlela lipheo tsa taolo ea mabopo. E kenyelletsa puisano ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le ho etsa qeto ena le ho hlalosa mehato e latelang ea ho theha matsapa a khabone e putsoa.

McKenzie, L. (2008). Buka ea Barupeli ba Seagrass. Seagrass Watch. 
Bukana ena e fa barupeli tlhahisoleseding mabapi le hore na joang ba leoatle ke eng, sebōpeho sa limela tsa bona le sebōpeho sa bona, moo li ka fumanoang teng le hore na li phela joang le ho ikatisa metsing a letsoai. 

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Liketso tseo U ka li Etsang

sebelisa rona SeaGrass Holisa Carbon Calculator ho bala likhase tsa hau tsa khabone le ho fana ka chelete ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea hau ka carbon e putsoa! Calculator e ntlafalitsoe ke The Ocean Foundation ho thusa motho kapa mokhatlo ho bala likhase tsa CO2 tsa selemo le selemo ho fumana hore na ke bokae ba khabone e putsoa e hlokahalang ho li felisa (lihekthere tsa joang ba leoatle bo tla khutlisoa kapa bo lekanang). Lekeno le tsoang mochining oa mokoloto oa khabone e putsoa le ka sebelisoa ho ts'ehetsa matsapa a ho khutlisa, e leng ho hlahisang mekitlane e mengata. Mananeo a joalo a lumella hore ho be le katleho e 'meli: ho theha litšenyehelo tse ka lekanyetsoang ho litsamaiso tsa lefats'e tsa ts'ebetso ea CO2-emitting, ea bobeli, tsosoloso ea makhulo a leoatle a etsang karolo ea bohlokoa ea tikoloho ea lebopo 'me e hloka ho hlaphoheloa.

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